Current situation and consideration of small splint in the treatment of distal radius fracture complicated with ulnar styloid process fracture

Objective:The incidence of distal radius fracture combined with ulnar styloid process fracture is increasing,which seriously affects the quality of life of patients.Small splint therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine is a reliable method for the treatment of such fractures.It not only has good clinical efficacy,but also has fewer complications and high safety.However,the traditional small splint fixation does not cover the styloid process of the ulna,and the fracture of the styloid process of the ulna is closely related to the stability of the wrist joint,which has an important impact on the prognosis of the fracture.Based on this,we believe that the ulnar elongation splint can better improve the wrist function,and further prospects for related issues,in order to guide clinical practice.

Effectiveness of shockwave therapy for stenosing tenosynovitis of radius styloid process:a meta-analysis

Objective:To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave in the treatment of stenosing tenosynovitis of radius styloid process.Methods:All randomized controlled trials of extracorporeal shock wave in the treatment of stenotic tenosynovitis of radius styloid process were retrieved by computer.Two researchers independently screened,extracted and incorporated the literature into the literature evaluation.The quality evaluation was carried out with the bias risk assessment tool provided by Cochrane Collaboration Network,and the meta-analysis was carried out with RevMan 5.3 software.Result:According to the prescribed retrieval method,there were 8 articles and 447 subjects.The results showed that the effective rate of extracorporeal shock wave was(OR=5.37,95%CI(2.85,10.12),P<0.00001)compared with other therapies,and the difference was statistically significant.Meanwhile,there were significant differences in VAS pain score and Cooney dysfunction score.Conclusion:Extracorporeal shock wave can effectively relieve the pain symptoms of stenosing tenosynovitis of the radius styloid process,improve wrist dysfunction and improve the clinical efficiency of stenosing tenosynovitis of the radius styloid process,but a large number of high-quality studies are needed to provide more sufficient evidence.

SPECTRAL RADIUSES OF THE GALTON-WATSON BRANCHING PROCESSES

The spectral radiuses of Galton-Watson branching processes which describes the speed of the process escaping from any state are calculated. Under the condition of irreducibility,it is show that this is equal to the spectral radius of Jacobi matrix of its generating function.

The Effect of Fracture of Ulnar Styloid on Rotational Movements of the Forearm after Extraarticular Fractures of Distal Radius

Introduction: Since distal radius fractures are among the most common fractures encountered in orthopedics and one of their common complications is restriction of rotational movements of the wrist and forearm, iden-tification of factors affecting this loss of motion is of importance. This study was conducted to evaluate the relation between extraarticular distal radius fractures associated with fracture of ulnar styloid and the rota-tional movements of the wrist and forearm. Patients and methods: 47 patients with an extraarticular distal radius fracture were enrolled in a prospective case control study. The patients were visited in regular follow up intervals after treatment and at the final follow up the rotational movements of the forearm were measured. The findings were analyzed with Independent T and Chi-square tests. Findings: Ultimately 23 patients of the group 1 (intact ulnar styloid) and 24 of the group 2 (fractured ulnar styloid) completed the follow up period. At this time supination of the wrist and forearm in group 2 was significantly less than the group 1 (p< 0.001). Conclusion: It seems that the association of an extraarticular distal radius fracture with the fracture of ulnar styloid, at least in short term causes restriction of supination of the forearm, though the mechanism and clinical significance of this finding cannot be easily explained.

Styloid Process Is the Robust Landmark for Identification of the Facial Nerve during Parotid Surgery

Objective: To identify the facial nerve trunk (FNT) very easily. quickly and accurately considering the styloid process as the robust anatomically consistent landmark during parotid surgery. Patients and Methods: This prospective study was conducted between January 2010 to December 2022 at a Tertiary care hospital. It included 130 patients: 84 (65%) males and 46 (35%) females with a mean age of 43.52 ± 15.63 years. Patients presented with pleomorphic adenoma (90), chronic sialectasis (05), parotid cyst (03), parotid sinus (01), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (28), adenoid cystic carcinoma (02) and squamous cell carcinoma (01) were subjected to superficial parotidectomy and total parotidectomy. The outcome was evaluated regarding the clinical success of facial nerve function that considered the location of the styloid process in the triangle technique for identification of the FNT during parotid surgery. Results: All 130 patients underwent superficial and total parotidectomy. The facial nerve trunk was successfully identified as the location of the styloid process in the triangle technique in all the patients with no intra-operative complications. Operative time ranged from 50 to 180 minutes with a mean time 90.70 ± 15.68 minutes. Dysfunction of the angle of the mouth due to the deficit of the marginal mandibular nerve (MMN) was noted in 5 patients (3.8%), 02 had difficulty in eye closure (1.5%). No patient reported surgical site infection, skin flap necrosis and hematoma in this series. Conclusion: Styloid process is the prominent robust landmark in the triangle technique for the identification of facial nerve trunk with relative ease, safety and accuracy in the parotid surgical procedure. This can be a very useful method to locate the FNT and minimize facial nerve injury during parotid surgery.

ON THE BASIC REPRODUCTION NUMBER OF GENERAL BRANCHING PROCESSES

Under a very general condition （TNC condition） we show that the spectral radius of the kernel of a general branching process is a threshold parameter and hence plays a role as the basic reproduction number in usual CMJ processes. We discuss also some properties of the extinction probability and the generating operator of general branching processes. As an application in epidemics, in the final section we suggest a generalization of SIR model which can describe infectious diseases transmission in an inhomogeneous population.

Significance-based optimization of processing parameters for thin-walled aluminum alloy tube NC bending with small bending radius

Thin-walled aluminum alloy tube numerical control （NC） bending with small bending radius is a complex process with multi-factor coupling effects and multi-die constraints. A significance-based optimization method of the parameters was proposed based on the finite element （FE） simulation, and the significance analysis of the processing parameters on the forming quality in terms of the maximum wall thinning ratio and the maximum cross section distortion degree was implemented using the fractional factorial design. The optimum value of the significant parameter, the clearance between the tube and the wiper die, was obtained, and the values of the other parameters, including the friction coefficients and the clearances between the tube and the dies, the mandrel extension length and the boost velocity were estimated. The results are applied to aluminum alloy tube NC bending d50 mm×1 mm×75 mm and d70 mm×1.5 mm×105 mm （initial tube outside diameter D0 × initial tube wall thickness t0 × bending radius R）, and qualified tubes are produced.

Incidental Finding of an Elongated Styloid Process during Tonsillectomy Procedure

Patients with recurrent throat pain, dysphagia, or facial pain symptoms might have Eagle’s syndrome due to abnormal length of the styloid process or calcification of stylohyoid ligament complex. In adults, the styloid process is approximately 2.5 cm long. The etiology of this disease is not well understood, and usually asymptomatic. In some cases, the styloid tip, which is located between the external and internal carotid arteries, compresses the perivascular sympathetic fibers, resulting in a persistent pain. The disease can be diagnosed by physical examination through digital palpation of the styloid process in the tonsillar fossa or by radiographic workup that includes anterior-posterior and lateral skull films. We report a 33-year-old woman with an incidental finding of an elongated styloid process during a routine tonsillectomy procedure.

Eagle’s Syndrome: A Case Report of a Bilateral Elongated Styloid Process

Eagle’s syndrome is symptomatic of the styloid process (SP) elongation or calcification of the stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligaments. As a result of Eagle’s various studies, 4 out of every 100 patients showed that the styloid process was long. However only 4% of these cases are symptomatic [1]. Surgical traumas such as tonsillectomy or stylomandibular chronic irritation of the ligament, proc. of styloideusosteitis, ossifying periosteitis, tendinitis or mucositis why could it be [2]. The main symptoms are facial pain, dysphagia, sore throat, earache and headache. It may be unilateral or bilateral. The styloid process can be shortened through an intraoral or external approach. The case of Eagle syndrome in a 39-year-old female patient who was diagnosed to have bilateral elongated.

Effects of process parameters on numerical control bending process for large diameter thin-walled aluminum alloy tubes

Numerical control(NC) bending experiments with different process parameters were carried out for 5052O aluminum alloy tubes with outer diameter of 70 mm, wall thickness of 1.5 mm, and centerline bending radius of 105 mm. And the effects of process parameters on tube wall thinning and cross section distortion were investigated. Meanwhile, acceptable bending of the 5052O aluminum tubes was accomplished based on the above experiments. The results show that the effects of process parameters on bending process for large diameter thin-walled aluminum alloy tubes are similar to those for small diameter thin-walled tubes, but the forming quality of the large diameter thin-walled aluminum alloy tubes is much more sensitive to the process parameters and thus it is more difficult to form.

半密闭腔室工频建弧过程及建弧率影响因素分析

多腔室快速灭弧装置具有响应速度快、灭弧性能良好、能有效抑制雷电冲击闪络引起的线路跳闸等优点,作为一种新型配电网线路防雷措施备受关注。然而,半密闭腔室作为多腔室快速灭弧装置的基本单元,腔室内冲击放电电弧稳定转换为工频续流电弧的过程尚不明确,缺乏对半密闭腔室工频建弧率的深入研究。为分析半密闭腔室工频建弧过程及建弧率的影响因素,该文搭建半密闭腔室雷电冲击联合10 kV工频电压试验平台,测量了半密闭腔室冲击击穿后的电压、电流波形,探究了冲击放电电弧稳定转换为工频续流电弧的过程,对比分析普通间隙与半密闭腔室间隙的建弧率,并进一步探究半密闭腔室串联后的效果,发现多腔室灭弧结构可通过快速吹弧有效抑制冲击放电电弧向工频续流电弧的转变,将其工频建弧率限制在较低水平。同时,为了探究半密闭腔室建弧率的影响因素,该文通过改变腔室结构和电极半径分析其对工频建弧率的影响,结果表明,适当地增大腔室体积及气流量有助于防止高温气体在腔室内的堵塞,促进工频续流电弧的能量耗散,降低工频建弧率;一定程度地减小电极半径有助于增强冲击放电电弧的磁缩效应,抑制电弧弧柱直径的发展,降低工频建弧率。

Role of Microphysical Parameterizations with Droplet Relative Dispersion in IAP AGCM 4.1

Previous studies have shown that accurate descriptions of the cloud droplet effective radius （Re） and the autoconversion process of cloud droplets to raindrops （At） can effectively improve simulated clouds and surface precipitation, and reduce the uncertainty of aerosol indirect effects in GCMs. In this paper, we implement cloud microphysical schemes including two-moment Ar and Re considering relative dispersion of the cloud droplet size distribution into version 4.1 of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics＇s atmospheric GCM （IAP AGCM 4.1）, which is the atmospheric component of the Chinese Academy of Sciences＇ Earth System Model. Analysis of the effects of different schemes shows that the newly implemented schemes can improve both the simulated shortwave and longwave cloud radiative forcings, as compared to the standard scheme, in lAP AGCM 4.1. The new schemes also effectively enhance the large-scale precipitation, especially over low latitudes, although the influences of total precipitation are insignificant for different schemes. Further studies show that similar results can be found with the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5.1.

Lagrangian simulation of multi-step and rate-limited chemical reactions in multi-dimensional porous media

Management of groundwater resources and remediation of groundwater pollution require reliable quantification of contaminant dynamics in natural aquifers, which can involve complex chemical dynamics and challenge traditional modeling approaches. The kinetics of chemical reactions in groundwater are well known to be controlled by medium heterogeneity and reactant mixing, motivating the development of particle-based Lagrangian approaches. Previous Lagrangian solvers have been limited to fundamental bimolecular reactions in typically one-dimensional porous media. In contrast to other existing studies, this study developed a fully Lagrangian framework, which was used to simulate diffusion-controlled, multi-step reactions in one-, two-, and three-dimensional porous media. The interaction radius of a reactant molecule, which controls the probability of reaction, was derived by the agent-based approach for both irreversible and reversible reactions. A flexible particle tracking scheme was then developed to build trajectories for particles undergoing mixing-limited, multi-step reactions. The simulated particle dynamics were checked against the kinetics for diffusion-controlled reactions and thermodynamic wellmixed reactions in one-and two-dimensional domains. Applicability of the novel simulator was further tested by(1) simulating precipitation of calcium carbonate minerals in a two-dimensional medium, and(2) quantifying multi-step chemical reactions observed in the laboratory. The flexibility of the Lagrangian simulator allows further refinement to capture complex transport affecting chemical mixing and hence reactions.

Linear Direct Algorithms for Finding Characteristic Parameters of Circle Parts

In the field of computer vision and image processing, the characteristic parameters such as center coordinates and radius of circle industrial parts often need to be measured. In this paper, three robust, accurate and reliable linear direct algorithms are presented based on the analysis and research of various algorithms in the past, and experimental resalts are given at the end.

Stenosing tenosynovitis of styloid process of radius treated by umbilicus acupuncture

The gen and mao areas,and the responding area of hand were punctured in umbilicus acupuncture,reperfusion activities were also done for a stenosing tenosynovitis of styloid process of radius patient in lactation period,sound effect were obtained.

Short-circuit process model in underwater welding using rotating arc sensor

In order to detecting and tracking along the weld seam with rotating arc sensor in underwater welding,the highpressure water environment rotating arc welding hardware platform is established and welding experiments using rotating arc sensor is done. Different radius of rotating arc sensor is used. And the corresponding welding current and voltage is obtained,which is compared with the results of rotating arc sensor short-circuit process simulation model under high-pressure water environment established in this article. The results show that under high-pressure water environment,rotating arc radius should be optimized,otherwise the short-circuit-arcing cycle will transit to a short-circuit-arcing-abruption cycle,making the welding quality poor. At last the critical radius between the short-circuit-arcing cycle and short-circuit-arcing-abruption cycle under high-pressure water environment is obtained.

Quark Deconfinement of a Hadron in Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

The temperature dependent energy and corresponding internal pressure of the hadron are obtained by taking Fermi weighted sums over internal discrete energy levels.We find that beyond the critical temperature,the solution of the hadron radius determined from the balance relation between the internal and external pressures of the hadron disappears,which shows that the quark deconfinement transition has occured.In addition,it is shown that the heat bath plays role in delaying the deconfinement process.

尺骨茎突修复与否对桡骨远端骨折合并尺骨茎突骨折的疗效评价

目的评价尺骨茎突修复与否对桡骨远端骨折合并尺骨茎突骨折患者术后功能的影响。方法回顾性随访2020年10月-2021年10月入院的48例桡骨远端骨折合并尺骨茎突骨折患者,分为固定组和非固定组各24例,固定组在桡骨远端骨折固定基础上进行尺骨茎突修复手术,非固定组进行桡骨远端骨折固定。对比固定组和非固定组术后8周掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度、腕关节背伸和屈曲及前臂旋转活动范围,术后12个月Gartland-Werley腕关节评估结果和愈合率。结果尺骨茎突骨折固定组和非固定组对患者腕部功能、前臂活动范围、愈合率的影响差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但两组Gartland-Werley评分中残余畸形和客观评分项差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),推测可能是三角纤维软骨撕裂与否对尺骨茎突骨折有影响。结论尺骨茎突骨折修复与否对桡骨远端骨折合并尺骨茎突骨折术后愈合能力不具有统计学意义,对于腕关节和前臂功能均无明显影响。

桡动脉茎突返支蒂桡骨茎突骨(膜)瓣治疗腕舟状骨骨折的解剖基础与临床效果

目的 探讨桡动脉茎突返支蒂桡骨茎突骨(膜)瓣修复腕舟状骨骨折的解剖学基础及临床效果。方法 测量25例成人桡骨标本桡骨茎突的等位长度;解剖1具乳胶灌注男性成人上肢标本,观察桡动脉茎突返支的走行及分布。回顾性分析15例以桡动脉茎突返支为蒂行桡骨茎突骨(膜)瓣转位植入修复腕舟状骨骨折患者的临床资料,分析其治疗效果。结果 25例桡骨标本测量结果显示,桡骨茎突长11~16 mm。解剖乳胶灌注男性成人上肢标本发现:在鼻烟窝内的桡动脉于茎突下方(1.2±0.2)cm处向尺侧发出1支较粗的腕背支,再向近端发出返回茎突部的分支。15例患者术后骨折线消失,骨折愈合率100%,平均愈合时间为12周;Krimmer腕关节功能评分显示,优6例,良7例,可2例,优良率为86.7%;患者术后疼痛视觉模拟量表评分低于术前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 通过测量实物标本桡骨茎突,观察成人上肢标本桡动脉茎突返支的走行及分布情况,可以指导临床治疗腕舟状骨骨折手术方案的制定。桡动脉茎突返支蒂桡骨茎突骨(膜)瓣转位植入治疗腕舟状骨骨折可以有效促进骨折愈合,降低延迟愈合风险,术后腕关节功能恢复良好,临床效果确切。

瓦斯抽采钻孔布置方案参数优化:以保德煤矿为例

针对高瓦斯中低渗透率厚煤层工作面常规预抽钻孔预抽浓度低、钻孔衰减系数大、瓦斯预抽时间长等难题,以保德煤矿8号煤层为研究对象。通过8号煤层渗透率各项异性实验分析和现场测试,对8号煤层钻孔布孔方位以及封孔工艺最优参数进行研究。结果表明:预抽钻孔与煤壁裂隙呈90°,钻孔倾角为-6°时钻孔抽采效果最好;采用新材料+囊袋作为封孔材料,封孔距离8~16 m时,增大压力和“两堵两注”的注浆方式,能有效地提供封孔的气密性。通过3种不同的测试方法,确定4个月时的钻孔抽采有效半径约为4 m,6个月有效抽采半径为4.5 m。以此为依据,得出工作面瓦斯抽采钻孔最佳布置参数。研究成果为高瓦斯低渗透率厚煤层工作面预抽钻孔设计提供了参考依据。