The Status Quo, Opportunity and Approach——the Development of Ethnic Minorities in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

Currently, China is advancing the Belt and Road Initiative, which creates a new opportunity of historical significance and provides guidance for the economic and social development of ethnic minority communities(particularly those in western China). Under the new historical conditions, it is necessary to innovate and improve China's regional aid policies and regional development strategies such as the "pairing assistance" and the Western Development, and organically combine them with the Belt and Road Initiative. In the meantime, China should revolve tightly around the internal and external "connectivity," and give full play to the functions of the "pairing assistance" policy and the "Western Development" strategy in a bid to boost the ethnic development of contemporary China within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative.

Regional Autonomy of China's Ethnic Minorities

The aggregate population of ethnic minorities has never accounted for more than 9 percent of China’s total, currently approaching 1.3 billion. Yet their development and prosperity have always been high on the agenda of the leaders of the People’s Republic. One of the first things Chinese leaders did after New China was founded in 1949 was to conduct large-scale studies to identify the country’s ethnic groups and name them properly, based on scientific

Spatial differentiation pattern of interregional migration in ethnic minority areas of Yunnan Province, China

Interregional migration has broad and far-reaching impacts on regional urbanization process in ethnic minority areas of Southwest China.The previous literature of interregional migration paid less attention on the ethnic minority areas with fragile geographical feature and marginal socio-economic context in the developing world due to the dearth of reliable data.Based on the 2015 national 1%population sampling survey at the village/community scale,taking Yulong Naxi Autonomous County,Yunnan Province,China as the case study,this paper analyzed the spatial differentiation pattern.The results showed that:(1)migration in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County exhibited obvious spatial differentiation characteristics in terms of population aggregation,population loss,migration direction,and migration activity;(2)the overall spatial differentiation of migration exhibited a"layer+sector"pattern in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County:the first layer was active areas with net inflows(<20 km from the seat of the county government),the second layer was inactive areas(within 20–60 km of the seat of the county government),and the third layer was a mixed"layer+sector"zone(>60 km to the seat of the county government),comprised of inactive areas and active areas with net outflows;(3)the spatial differentiation pattern of migration was highly correlated with the regional contexts including the regional economic development,regional transportation accessibility and regional social development,while regional physical geographical factors had insignificant relationships with the migration pattern.

Study on the Influence of Informal institution on Rural Legal Construction in Northwest Ethnic Minority Region

The Informal institution in Northwest Ethnic Minority Region has dual effects on rural legal construction. In the process of rural legal construction,it can make up for the defects of formal institution to reduce the cost of legal construction,and increase benefit. It also has negative influence on social function,and can't be conducive to the social stability,development and harmony. Civil law is to be more valued,thus avoiding and hampering the implementation of national laws and even covering the operation of national laws,so it is impossible to achieve rule of law. The coordinated development of Informal institution and socio-economic development in Northwest Ethnic Minority Region will contribute to stable and harmonious social development in Northwest Region.

Protection and Utilization of Cultural Landscape in a Forest Park in Ethnic Minority Region ——With a Case of Zhangjiajie

Presently, more and more attention is paid to cultural landscapes by peo-ple at travel ing, especial y for folk culture in ethnic minority regions where rich hu-man landscapes could be ful y made use of to improve landscape quality. In the research, cultural landscapes in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park were surveyed and evaluated to analyze characters of cultural utilization, as wel as problems existing in the Park. In addition, highlights were given to protection on cultural landscapes in a forest park construction, presentation of ethnic minority culture, and ful development of tourism products.

Development in China's Ethnic Minority Regions:Progress, Inadequacies and Solutions

Since the dawn of the new era, significant progress has been made in the economic, political, cultural, social and ecological development of China's ethnic minority regions under the strategy to "build a moderately prosperous society in all respects,deepen reform, implement the rule of law, and strengthen Party discipline." Nevertheless,in order to fully satisfy the growing needs of people in ethnic minority regions, China must continuously promote endogenous development, rural income growth, skills training,urbanization, poverty reduction effectiveness, social governance and the common values of the Chinese nation, and address the issues related to imbalanced and insufficient development. In light of China's goal to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects for people of all ethnic groups and regions, this paper raises policy recommendations to enhance skills training and vocational education, promote fair access to basic public services, enhance targeted poverty reduction in deeply poor regions, create a public cultural service system involving diverse stakeholders, increase the fairness of ethnic policy for people of different ethnic groups and regions, and balance the relationship between ecological protection and economic development in ethnic minority regions.

脱贫民族地区韧性乡村建设:逻辑、测度与进路

基于脱贫民族地区乡村社会所处的战略意境、风险环境和问题情境,以生计韧性、产业韧性、生态韧性、文化韧性、组织韧性五大要素构建韧性乡村评价体系,并运用熵值法、多因素综合评价法对2011—2020年大湘西地区韧性乡村建设水平进行综合测度。研究发现:样本地区韧性乡村建设水平持续提升并呈现阶段性特征,“十三五”时期提升幅度较为显著;各维度韧性贡献力呈不均衡发展趋势且建设水平差异明显,文化韧性、生计韧性和产业韧性是推动韧性乡村建设水平持续提升的主要动力源泉;空间分异特征显著,总体呈现出以“芷江侗族自治县-中方县-溆浦县”一线为分界线且南高北低的空间分布格局。脱贫民族地区应厚植内生性韧性治理理念,构筑高质量韧性乡村要素体系,完善多元化韧性乡村系统功能,打造一体化韧性乡村空间协同机制,促进韧性乡村建设向更高层次、更高水平和更高质量迈进。

明清民国时期茶叶在边疆少数民族地区的传播研究

西藏等边疆少数民族人民“恃茶”行为的生成,与茶对身体的保健疗救作用密不可分,这种身体的习惯是唐代以来中原王朝以“茶”羁縻诸番的基础,亦是民间茶马贸易由来已久的重要成因。明清民国时期,一方面,“茶”以其特殊的物质及精神内涵被上层阶级塑造成不可或缺之物和代表上流生活的文化意象,引起了民间的追慕和效仿。统治阶级便以茶为契机,较为委婉与和缓地实施其政治与经济上的羁縻意图,在一定程度上减轻了权力直接席卷而来时带来的激烈冲突,有利于加强不同民族、不同地区间的交流与发展;另一方面,普通民众又依据身体及日常生活的需要对茶的使用与传播进行了改造与扩展,进一步丰富了茶文化的精神内涵。

湖南民族地区乡村旅游驱动乡村振兴的内在机理与发展策略

依托民族地区的资源优势,加快湖南民族地区乡村旅游发展,是助力乡村振兴的重要抓手。湖南民族地区乡村旅游驱动乡村振兴还存在一定困境,商业化趋势过于明显,乡村旅游品牌不突出,旅游从业者素质不高,与其他政策衔接不紧密。需要挖掘地域特色,赋能产业振兴,构建特色品牌,提升旅游效益,加强人员培训,优化服务水平,强化政策衔接,优化制度保障。以此达到乡村旅游驱动乡村产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡村治理、乡风文明和生活富裕的目的,建设民族地区乡村振兴示范区。

少数民族地区非遗保护的地方立法研究(一)——必要性与可行性

少数民族地区的非物质文化遗产不仅是民族历史文化和精神特质传承的载体,也是开发文旅产业的宝贵资源。《中华人民共和国非物质文化遗产法》的颁布,为少数民族地区非遗的保护传承和开发利用提供了制度指引,而少数民族非遗保护与传承所面临的困难、少数民族非遗的多样性和差异性特征以及少数民族地区对非遗进行开发利用的期望则彰显了在国家非遗法框架下以少数民族地区自治立法推进非遗工作的必然性。这样的立法具有上位法的制度空间、也有大量先行实践的立法先例、更有非遗保护的实践经验作为参考,具有切实的可行性。

我国民族八省区旅游发展与区域韧性耦合协调关系研究

文章以2010-2020年我国民族八省区经济、社会、生态、旅游的相关指标数据建立旅游发展与区域韧性综合评价体系,利用耦合协调度模型分析了民族八省区旅游发展与区域韧性的耦合协调关系,并利用障碍度模型探索了影响其耦合协调发展的障碍因子。研究结果表明:(1)民族八省区旅游发展水平逐年上升,各省区旅游发展综合值大致相近,且均在2019年达到峰值;(2)民族八省区的经济韧性、社会韧性、生态韧性逐年上升,且社会韧性增长速度高于经济韧性和生态韧性;(3)民族八省区旅游发展与经济韧性、社会韧性、生态韧性的耦合协调度整体呈上升趋势,经济韧性和社会韧性是旅游与区域韧性耦合协调发展的主要障碍。基于此,我国民族八省区应积极发展第三产业、优化和调整产业结构,大力发展社会经济、努力提高就业率,积极推动绿色产业和绿色经济发展、加强环保建设,依托自身地质资源和环境优势努力发展旅游产业、打造完整的旅游产业链。

大健康背景下加强少数民族地区医院科普工作的实践探索

在大健康背景下,加强少数民族地区医院的科普工作是促进区域健康平等、提升公共卫生水平的关键举措。文章旨在探讨在大健康背景下加强少数民族地区医院科普工作的实践探索。通过对少数民族地区医院的科普现状进行调研分析,提出了一系列针对性强、具体可操作性的科普工作方案。在实践中运用多种途径,包括开展健康讲座、制作科普手册、利用社交媒体平台传播健康知识等,取得了积极效果。文章围绕大健康背景下,针对少数民族地区医院科普的需求和挑战探讨了一系列创新性实践措施,如提出了完善科普资源、加强科普人员培训、建立科普合作机制等对策,以期为少数民族地区医院科普工作提供参考和借鉴。

少数民族教师国家通用语职业应用能力培训中学习共同体建构研究

当前,提升我国民族地区少数民族教师的国家通用语职业应用能力亟待一条系统化、可操作的实践路径支持。针对当前少数民族教师在国家通用语职业应用能力上的不足,在培训中以学科为依托构建学习共同体是一条可行的路径。具体包括培训前期的测评与分班、创设真实情境、提升学科专家语言训练能力、评估学习效果、强化情感纽带、建立契约与责任机制等。基于内容的语言学习理念,通过线上线下相结合的模式,强调学科内容与语言学习的深度融合,旨在通过系统化的机制和持续的支持,全面提升我国少数民族教师的国家通用语职业应用能力。

云南边疆少数民族地区文化安全体系构建研究

云南边疆民族地区文化安全具有复杂性和特殊性。西南民族地区面临文化安全的法治体系不完善、境外势力针对性渗透加剧、文化安全外部环境风险上升、宗教势力影响不断扩张、民族文化产业发展不充分等诸多威胁风险,严重侵蚀腐化我国主流文化地位。美西方文化帝国主义和文化霸权是文化安全威胁的根源,必须自觉把地区文化安全工作放到国家文化安全大局中谋划,建立“国家安全综合体”和文化安全风险管控体系,充分调动全民参与文化安全建设,铸牢中华民族共同体意识思想根基,增强“五个认同”,构建完善的“国门教育”体系,壮大民族文化产业体系,繁荣网络文化,丰富边疆民族地区公共文化服务供给,巩固和拓展国家文化安全的国际空间,打好跨境文化安全主动战。

西南少数民族边棱音管乐器定名习惯探讨

一套逻辑严密、指向明确、标准统一的乐器定名原则对于少数民族乐器研究具有至关重要的意义。西南少数民族边棱音管乐器的定名习惯,主要可以分为民间习俗定名、专有名词定名、民族语言释义定名三大类。其中,专有名词定名类中又包含语言昵称类、演奏方式类、乐器形制类。总体上看,西南少数民族边棱音管乐器的定名习惯呈现出多样化的特点。作者根据田野实践,总结乐器定名习惯与分类结果,对方言语调与演奏方式对乐器称谓的影响进行阐释,认为西南少数民族边棱音管乐器定名习惯具有随意性较强的特点。

职业教育助力乡村文化振兴的路径研究——以贵州民族地区乡村为例

职业教育的类型特性决定了其与乡村文化振兴是耦合共生、互融互促的关系,服务乡村文化振兴是职业教育的关键责任。文章分析了乡村文化振兴相关概念的内涵与外延,梳理了职业教育与乡村文化振兴的内在逻辑与联系,剖析了当前面临的现实困境,以贵州民族地区乡村为例,提出职业教育助力乡村文化振兴的路径,为我国乡村文化振兴提供基于职业教育视角的有益参考和启示。

山林之歌:台湾地区“少数民族文学”的生态书写和环境伦理

台湾地区“少数民族文学”提供了应对自然的生态智慧,即通过传统的自然生态理念和生活方式,保持人类以及所有物种生存的希望。少数民族将人类与自然万物视为互为主体的关系,而非主宰与被宰制的关系;秉持与自然万物共生的思维去适应环境,而非借助科学力量去改变环境,呈现出他们与周边万物、自然环境相融的哲学,也建构出独特的族群文化。台湾地区少数民族的生态书写,与山海对话,向山海讴歌,是少数民族得以从边缘发声的重要资产。

边疆民族地区高校民族团结教育优化研究——以广西壮族自治区为例

优化边疆民族地区高校民族团结教育是落实“立德树人”根本任务,助推边疆民族地区稳定发展,筑牢国家意识形态安全的重要方式,具有十分重要的意义。广西壮族自治区属于边疆民族地区,该地的高校民族团结教育虽取得了一定的成效,但仍存在一些不足:部分高校民族团结教育体制机制有待加强、师资力量有待加强,教学方式具有单一性。优化边疆民族地区高校民族团结教育必须以加强高校民族团结教育体制机制建设为保障,以加强高校师资队伍建设为抓手,以高校民族团结教育课程改革创新为关键,增强边疆民族地区高校民族团结教育的功能性,进而实现边疆民族地区高校民族团结教育的创新性发展。

广西少数民族农村地区人体重点寄生虫感染状况调查

目的了解广西少数民族农村地区人体重点寄生虫感染状况。方法采用自制问卷进行横断面入户调查,收集人口学资料和居民粪便标本;用改良加藤厚涂片法和硫酸锌浮聚法检查寄生虫。结果 1调查了780户家庭1 720例村民。查见人体重点寄生虫卵者1 284例,总感染率为74.7%。2柳州市三江县、百色市的隆林县和乐业县感染率较高(>70%)。3不同民族人群间人体重点寄生虫感染率和种类有差异(P<0.05)。4男性鞭虫和华枝睾吸虫感染率显著高于女性(P<0.05);女性钩虫和蛔虫感染率显著高于男性(P<0.05)。5寄生虫虫种在各年龄组间的分布不一致(P<0.05)。结论广西少数民族地区人体重点寄生虫感染的情况较十年前有明显改善,但是仍然处于高水平,是该地区主要的公共卫生问题,应引起政府和全社会的高度重视。

论民族文化传承与教育的关系

少数民族地区的民族文化传承和教育的关系主要表现为民族文化传承对教育的影响、教育对民族文化传承的影响及二者的交互作用。民族文化传承对教育的影响主要表现为增加知识与技能、影响智力与非智力因素、培养民族意识和民族精神以及对教育内容和途径的制约;教育对民族文化传承的影响主要表现为促进民族文化的心理传承、促进民族文化的保存、积淀和选择以及对民族文化传承质量和水平的制约。教育在一定程度上是民族文化传承的产物,又是民族文化传承的一个动因;民族文化传承是教育的目标之一,又服务于教育的目标。