Understanding of Form and Content in Nida's Translation Theory

由于语言以不同的形式而存在 ,为了达意 ,有时我们必须改变语言的形式。

Monthly variation in the fat content of anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) in the Yellow Sea: implications for acoustic abundance estimation

Anchovy is a key species in the Yellow Sea ecosystem. An accurate estimate of anchovy abundance is vital for the management of the anchovy stock and measurement of the ecosystem response to changes in anchovy abundance. However, the acoustic fish abundance estimate may be biased by 30%-40% if the fat-content induced target strength variation is not taken into account. We measured the monthly variation in the fat content of anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) in the Yellow Sea, and evaluated the potential effect of variation in fat content on the acoustic assessment of anchovy abundance. The fat content of anchovy varied seasonally, with two maxima and two minima in a year. The highest fat content (14.75%) was measured in the pre-spawning period in May, and the lowest fat content (2.48%) was measured during the post-spawning period in October. Fat content appeared to correlate with water content, but not body size. Assuming that the target strength is decreased by 0.2dB for every 1% increase in fat content, the seasonal difference in the target strength of anchovy may be as high as 2.45 dB. Given this, the acoustic abundance estimate may be biased by between 43% and 76%. Our results highlight the need for more information on the changes in fat content of fishes whose abundance is estimated by acoustic surveys.

Chinese Excellent Traditional Culture Study on the Path of Integrating the Ideological and Political Courses in Primary and Middle Schools

Chinese excellent traditional culture contains the value pursuit of the Chinese nation,condenses the cultural consensus of the Chinese nation,and has rich connotation and connotation.At the moment of advocating the integration of ideological and political courses in primary and secondary schools,the integration of Chinese traditional culture into the curriculum content of ideological and political courses can have a subtle cultural impact on the students of different students,and help students to grow up physically and mentally and cultivate their ideology and morality.In order to achieve ideological and political curriculum implicit development.

The Effectiveness, Efficiency and Necessity of the Teacher’s Training Program: A Case Study

As the influence of English as a world language is becoming very powerful,many researchers have focused on the rela⁃tionship between the financial condition of the student family and English proficiency.Consequences were very significant:the im⁃pact of family economic conditions on children's English academic achievement is very critical.An alternative to problem-solving is the provision of various training programs that can improve a teacher's English skills.

A Research Report on the Prescription Rights of Chinese Nurses

Objective: To explore the feasibility of the nurse’ s prescription right in China, to develop the requirements for the qualification of the ap-plicant for the prescription right of nurse, and to determine the content of certain prescriptions in the specific circumstances. Methods: Literature review on the relevant articles/material with the contents of the nurse’ s right of prescription home and a-broad. Semi-structured depth interview method was used to interview 18 experts on whether the nurses can participate in the graded nursing decision and whether nurses with certain ability can make the decision. Using the self-made questionnaire“Nur-ses involved in graded nursing decision-recognition questionnaire”, 553 nurses completed questionnaires on willingness to nurse decision-making grading. Using the analytic hierarchy process, the 23 experts’ judgment on the main body of the graded nurs-ing was rated. Using semi-structured depth interview method, 17 experts were interviewed on the graded nursing quality assess-ment and training outline. The form of expert personal judgment and the“grading nursing qualification experts predict question-naire”were used as a preliminary designing tool, 32 experts were asked to predict the graded nursing quality. The relatively im-portant factors that might promote implementation of right of Chinese nurse prescribing weights setting were obtained by analytic hierarchy process. Using Delphi method, 2 rounds of consultation to 291 experts/times were performed, and determined its con-tent on the fields of graded nursing decision, nurses’ job description, decision making nurse in graded nursing work process and related management system, decision-making main body of clinical nursing, nurse authority of prescription application qualifi-cation, clinical nurses, diabetes specialist nurses, tumor specialist nurses, nurses in emergency department, community nurses in certain circumstances writing prescription, and nursing undergraduate added with nurse authority of prescription related courses. Results: The physician is not considered to be the best decision-making main body of clinical nursing work and graded nurs-ing, nurses can participate in the work of decision-making. The qualification of hierarchical decision-making nurse and nurse prescribing applicants have been determined. The hierarchical nursing decision-making nurses’ position description and training outline have been compiled. Experts suggest that clinical nurses with certain qualifications should be given the rights of some prescription form ( independent prescription, prescription, prescription protocol extension) to prescribe specific drugs in high fe-ver, hypoglycemia, hypertension, anaphylactic shock and other 11 specific circumstances. The nurses of the diabetes should be given the right of prescribing sulfonylureas, biguanides, glucosidase inhibitor, and protamine zinc insulin, and the right to write the prescription and consultation for part of medical equipment, health education, and four routine tests, which contains blood sugar monitoring, urine glucose monitoring, glycosylated hemoglobin assay, and oral glucose tolerance test. Tumor specialist nurses should be given the right to write the prescription of 7 specific circumstances including blood routine tests, electrocardio-gram, blood biochemistry and other 9 laboratory tests, constipation, phlebitis, and cancer pain, and the right of 5 tumor emer-gency prescription including chemotherapy drug allergy, hemorrhagic shock, acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Nurses in e-mergency department with certain qualification should be given the right to prescribe specific drugs in 15 circumstances which include cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation, and acute cardiogenic chest pain. Community nurses with certain qualification should be given the right to write the prescriptions on 14 contents including disinfection and cleaning, sterile infusion type, and wound care products. Experts suggest that nursing undergraduate education in China should be added with 2 courses which are prescription rights related laws and regulations and nursing intervention, and that pharmacology course should be supplemented with related course in order to adapt to the implementation of nurse prescribing rights. Conclusions: China’ s nurses with certain qualification or after special training have the ability to accept and should be given the right of prescriptions in certain circumstance within the scope of their work.

Digestive oncologist in the gastroenterology training curriculum

Until the late 1980s, gastroenterology (GE) was considered a subspecialty of Internal Medicine. Today, GE also incorporates Hepatology. However, Digestive Oncology training is poorly defined in the Hepatogastroenterology (HGE)-curriculum. Therefore, a Digestive Oncology curriculum should be developed and this document might be a starting point for such a curriculum. HGE-specialists are increasingly resisting the paradigm in which they play only a diagnostic and technical role in the management of digestive tumors. We suggest minimum endpoints in the standard HGE-curriculum for oncology, and recommend a focus year in the Netherlands for Digestive Oncology in the HGE-curriculum. To produce welltrained digestive oncologists, an advanced Digestive Oncology training program with specific qualifications in Digestive Oncology (2 years) has been developed. The schedule in Belgium includes a period of at least 6 mo to be spent in a medical oncology department. The goal ofthese programs remains the production of well-trained digestive oncologists. HGE specialists are part of the multidisciplinary oncological teams, and some have been administering chemotherapy in their countries for years. In this article, we provide a road map for the organization of a proper training in Digestive Oncology. We hope that the World Gastroenterology Organisation and other (inter)national societies will support the necessary certifications for this specific training in the HGE-curriculum.

Clinical nutrition in the hepatogastroenterology curriculum

Gastroenterology(GE) used to be considered a subspecialty of internal medicine. Today, GE is generally recognized as a wide-ranging specialty incorporating capacities, such as hepatology, oncology and interventional endoscopy, necessitating GEexpert differentiation. Although the European Board of Gastroenterology and Hepatology has defined specific expertise areas in Advanced endoscopy, hepatology, digestive oncology and clinical nutrition, training for the latter topic is lacking in the current hepatogastroenterology(HGE) curriculum. Given its relevance for HGE practice, and being at the core of gastrointestinal functioning, there is an obvious need for training in nutrition and related issues including the treatment of disease-related malnutrition and obesity and its associated metabolic derangements. This document aims to be a starting point for the integration of nutritional expertise in the HGE curriculum, allowing a central role in the management of malnutrition and obesity. We suggest minimum endpoints for nutritional knowledge and expertise in the standard curriculum and recommend a focus period of training in nutrition issues in order to produce well-trained HGE specialists. This article provides a road map for the organization of such a training program. We would highly welcome the World Gastroenterology Organisation, the European Board of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the American Gastroenterology Association and other(inter)national Gastroenterology societies support the necessary certifications for this item in the HGE-curriculum.

Continuity of Natural Science Education in the System of“School-University”

At the present time,new state compulsory standards for school education,standard curricula,and curricula have been developed.The programs of higher and postgraduate education do not take into account changes in educational curricula of secondary education.The future specialists of pedagogical universities are teachers of the school.Therefore,graduates of universities on pedagogical specialties,including scientific direction,should be profoundly aware of the content of subjects studied in secondary education.It is very important to understand the need to ensure the continuity of educational curricula of higher pedagogical and general secondary education in conditions of updating the content of education.The relevance of the research topic is due to the lack of continuity in the educational programs of higher pedagogical and general secondary education in conditions of updating the content of education;discrepancy of professional competences of young pedagogical staff,graduates of higher educational institutions,to the conditions of the updated content of school education;the lack of fundamental and applied research to date,considering the theoretical and methodological foundations for ensuring the continuity of natural science education in the“school-university”system in the context of updating the content of education;the need for the research in the context of the implementation of the State Program for the Development of Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2016-2019,which indicates an increase in the prestige of the profession of teachers and an increase in their quality.These theoretical and methodological bases for ensuring the continuity of educational programs of higher pedagogical and secondary education in conditions of updating the content of education will make it possible to introduce changes in the educational curricula of higher and postgraduate education for the training of pedagogical personnel.

材料类专业研究生课程混合式教学模式构建研究

课程学习是保障研究生培养质量的必备环节。然而,当前研究生课程还存在课程目标单一、课程内容和教学方式陈旧等问题亟待解决,已不能满足创新型人才培养的要求。为进一步培养研究生的高阶思维和学术创新能力,该文立足课程教学改革,采用混合式学习设计思路构建研究型教学模式,重构与课程目标相匹配的课堂学习与学习通平台在线学习内容,精心设计面向研究型的混合式教学活动,并在高等材料学课程中进行实践,取得较好的教学效果。

一流课程建设背景下工程专业课程教学内容组织与资源建设——以隧道工程课程为例

在一流课程建设的背景下,工程专业的专业课程也应及时开展教学内容与资源的重构,为课程的教学设计和实施奠定重要基础。以隧道工程课程为例,分析了目前课程教学中的困境,并介绍了工程专业课程的教学内容组织思路,包括纲领性的教学大纲编写、结构化的知识体系设计、模块化的教学内容组织、实践性的教学资源配置、系统性的思政元素体现等方面。通过完备的教学内容组织、丰富的教学资源配套和全面的思政元素体系,形成了较为完备的课程教学内容和教学资源,助力一流课程建设目标的达成。

改进Mask R-CNN的馆藏报纸图像内容分割

开展馆藏报纸图像内容分割研究,能提升文字识别准确率,对促进机器识别取代人工操作、提高图书馆数字化工作效率具有重要意义。文章根据报纸图像呈现的特征,提出一种基于改进MaskR-CNN的算法,实现报纸图像内容分割。首先,通过优化锚框比例和损失函数,对原始MaskR-CNN算法进行改进。其次,采用数据增强、调整训练参数开展样本训练。最后,通过实验的方式对改进后的MaskR-CNN算法训练模型和原始算法训练模型进行比较,并采用AP_bbox和AP_segm评价指标对实验结果进行评估,改进后的算法训练模型AP_bbox为0.935,AP_segm为0.943,均超过原始算法训练模型。实验结果表明,改进后的MaskR-CNN算法能够实现报纸图像内容有效检测与分割。

材料力学性能课程思政建设与实践

材料力学性能是材料科学与工程学科本科生的主干课和必修课,承担着学生从基础课到专业课顺利过渡的重要任务。该文以材料力学性能课程为例,针对本科专业与理论课程的性质和特点,探讨思政元素的挖掘途径、课程思政建设关键点以及教学体系构建等问题。基于专业教师育人观念转变和课程教学方法创新,通过思政元素的有机融入、教学内容优化、经典案例分析等方式,提高专业课程的生动性和趣味性。增强学生分析问题与解决问题的能力,提升学生的政治素养,坚定学生的政治理念,培养素质全面的复合型人才。

“植物细胞工程”内容梳理及教学设计探索——基于生活实例与领域科研前沿成果

植物细胞工程是植物生物技术领域中应用最广泛、取得多项里程碑式成果的一门技术。根据多年的教学实践,提出了一些教学体验。课程内容建设上,围绕“一个总则、两个方面”展开,给学生总结了一个线索图,使他们更好地理解章节之间的逻辑关系。讲课方式上,根据该课程的特点本着“生活中的植物细胞工程、科研中的植物细胞工程”原则进行讲述,既让学生感到植物细胞的成果就在身边,又通过生物技术领域的最新研究成果,开阔学生的视野,加深对理论的理解,激发学生的学习兴趣。

再论思政课为什么讲道理及如何讲道理

思政课是高校落实立德树人根本任务的关键课程,思政课的本质属性、育人目标和创新要求决定了“讲道理”的必然性、主要内容以及方式方法。新形势下,高校思政课既要讲好事关党和国家发展的宏观道理,又要讲好有关个人成长成才与自由而全面发展的微观道理。这就要求高校思政课要结合马克思主义的立场观点方法把道理讲深、融合时代背景和“四史”教育把道理讲透、联系生活实际把道理讲活,真正做到启智润心、激扬斗志。

旅游业发展背景下内蒙古高职旅游专业课程设置及教学内容优化

新时期内蒙古旅游业的快速发展对高职旅游专业人才培养提出了新的要求。内蒙古高职旅游专业的课程设置及教学内容在一定程度上不能满足旅游人才培养的需要。通过优化高职旅游专业课程设置及教学内容,能够进一步提升旅游专业人才培养质量,为内蒙古旅游业高质量发展提供人才支持。

浅谈义务教育各学科课程标准“内容要求”动词——学习2022年版义务教育各学科课程标准

探讨2022年版义务教育各学科课程标准“课程内容”中“内容要求”所使用的动词。指出“内容要求”动词的教学意义;按照小学(1-6年级)和初中(7-9年级)两个学段,对各个学科课程标准“内容要求”所采用的动词进行初步的统计分析;比较两个学段使用的动词。

花椒热风-微波组合干燥失水特性研究

花椒热风干燥降速期水分含量低,水分扩散慢,导致热风干燥耗时长。为提高干燥效率,并通过热风与微波组合干燥,分别进行热风干燥、微波干燥和热风-微波组合干燥实验,探究不同干燥参数对花椒失水特性的影响,以确定合理的干燥转换临界点和最优组合干燥模型,并将傅里叶准则数(F_(0))引入Fick第二扩散定律方程,求解有效水分扩散系数(D_(eff))。研究结果表明:热风和微波单独干燥时,升高风温风速和增加微波功率均有利于缩短干燥时间;热风-微波组合干燥花椒时,热风段转微波段的最佳目标含水率即为热风干燥的临界点含水率(65%(w.b)),且高热风温度和高微波功率均可使微波干燥段获得高失水速率;热风-微波组合干燥花椒热风段和微波段对应的最优模型分别为Wang and Singh模型和Page模型,D_(eff)范围分别为1.908×10^(-9)~3.547×10^(-9)m^(2)/s和1.883×10^(-8)~3.321×10^(-8)m^(2)/s。热风-微波组合干燥方式能够显著提高干燥效率,促进花椒内部水分扩散,干燥模型可为优化干燥工艺和设计干燥设备提供理论依据。

学术英语写作常见问题分析与以内容为依托的学术英语写作教学

学术英语写作是研究型大学公共英语课程体系中的重要部分,也是教学中的一大难点。学生对学术英语写作普遍感到难度大、提高慢。作者对学生学术英语写作中的常见问题进行归纳和分析,剖析其产生的原因,阐释以内容为依托的教学模式的内涵与意义,讨论这一教学模式在学术英语写作教学中的应用和实践效果,以期为学术英语写作教学提供参考。

基于“双轴两翼”的课程思政教学研究——以计算机网络技术专业为例

文章以计算机网络技术专业核心课程的思政教学为研究内容,重点阐述了在“大思政”环境下如何优化课程标准、重构教学内容、构建教师队伍、改革教学模式以及开发教学资源,旨在为推动高校思政教育与专业课程的深入融合,培养学生的综合素养和思政觉悟提供有价值的参考。