Effect of Pneumatic Boxing Gloves on Impact Kinematics and Their Relationship to Impact Forces

This study was aimed at improved understanding of the mechanisms of previously reported protective effects of a pneumatic boxing glove. A Motion Capture System was used to obtain velocity data from four different boxing gloves dropped on to a force plate from nine heights ranging from 1 to 5 metres. Two gloves were of the conventional type but differed in mass. The other two were prototype pneumatic gloves. One of these (SBLI) had a sealed bladder while the other (ARLI) incorporated a port allowing air exchange with the external environment. The pneumatic gloves decelerated more slowly than the conventional gloves following impact and compressed through a greater absolute distance. Consequently, they took longer to reach zero velocity. As drop height increased, these trends became more pronounced for the ARLI glove than the SBLI glove. Increase in velocity during rebound was also slower for the pneumatic gloves. The ARLI glove had a lower coefficient of restitution than any of the other gloves at low to moderate drop heights but not at high drop heights. The SBLI glove had a higher coefficient of restitution than the other gloves at all drop heights from 2 metres upwards. This indicated that, overall, the ARLI glove was the most effective, and the SBLI glove the least effective, in dissipating the kinetic energy of impact through conversion to other energy forms. For all gloves at all drop heights, peak positive acceleration at the beginning of rebound was of lower absolute magnitude than peak negative acceleration at the end of compression. The influence of drop height on an index characterising this relationship differed between the conventional and pneumatic gloves, possibly reflecting structural changes to gloves as impact energy increased. The conventional and pneumatic gloves differed regarding temporal alignment between key kinematic and kinetic events, and there were some differences between the two pneumatic gloves in this respect. Nevertheless, peak glove deceleration correlated highly with peak impact force, not only for each glove individually but also when data for all gloves were combined. The findings confirmed the potential practical utility of the ARLI glove and identified air cushion thickness, glove compressibility and capacity for air release and subsequent reuptake as critical aspects of its design.

Evaluation of Ability of Two Different Pneumatic Boxing Gloves to Reduce Delivered Impact Forces and Improve Safety

Two prototype pneumatic boxing gloves of different design were compared against conventional 10?oz (Std 10?oz) and 16?oz (Std 16?oz) gloves in terms of ability to reduce impact forces delivered to a target. One of the pneumatic gloves (SBLI) contained a sealed air bladder inflated to a pressure of 2?kPa. The other (ARLI) incorporated a bladder that allowed release of air to the external environment upon contact with a target, followed by rapid air reuptake. Each glove was placed on to a mechanical fist and dropped 10 times on to an in-floor force plate from each of nine heights ranging from 1.0 to 5.0 metres, with the 5-metre drop generating a peak pre-impact glove velocity close to the reported maximum for elite boxers. Compared to the conventional gloves, the ARLI glove substantially reduced peak impact forces at all drop heights, with the reduction exceeding 30% even at the 5-metre level. The SBLI glove was as effective as the ARLI glove in reducing peak impact forces at drop heights of up to 2.5 metres, but its performance then progressively diminished, and at drop heights of 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 metres it produced peak force readings similar to those recorded for the Std 10?oz and Std 16?oz gloves. The superiority of the ARLI glove was even more evident in relation to peak rate of force development, with reductions relative to the Std 10?oz glove being ~60% at drop heights up to 3.5 metres and still ~47% at 5 metres. Peak rate of force development for the SBLI glove exceeded that for the ARLI glove for all drop heights of 2.0 metres and above, and at 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 metres it was higher than the readings for the Std 10 oz and 16?oz gloves. The protective effect of the ARLI glove was?associated with an increase in impact compliance and prolongation of contact time between glove and target. It is concluded that a pneumatic boxing glove that provides for air exchange with the external environment can greatly reduce impact magnitudes across the whole range of pre-impact glove velocities likely to be encountered in boxing, thereby mitigating risks associated with the sport. While acceptance of the gloves by the boxing community is uncertain, opportunity may exist for almost immediate uptake in modified boxing programs.

Pneumatic Boxing Glove Reduces Upward Drift in Peak Force and Loading Rate over a Long Series of Impacts

A conventional boxing glove and a prototype pneumatic glove were each fitted to a mechanical fist and dropped 253 times from a height of 3 metres on to a force plate covered by an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) mat. Impact dynamics were measured and modelled. From the outset, peak impact force and peak rate of force development (loading rate) were lower for the pneumatic glove. For both gloves, these variables displayed upward drift during the drop series, but the drift was smaller for the pneumatic glove. Consequently, the magnitude of the protective effect provided by the pneumatic glove increased with the number of impacts. For the conventional glove, change in peak force showed a close inverse relationship to force plate contact time (R2?>?0.96) and the time from first contact of the glove with the force plate to attainment of peak force (R2?=?0.85). These relationships were much weaker for the pneumatic glove (R2?=?0.09 and 0.59 respectively), suggesting the possibility of a more complex impact damping mechanism. Following the 253 drops of the pneumatic glove, the EVA mat covering the force plate was replaced, and another 10 drops then performed. Peak force readings were immediately reduced to an extent suggesting that 26%?-?34% of the increase that had occurred over the 253 drops was attributable to impact-induced change in mat properties. This has implications for future experimental designs. Overall, the findings provided further evidence of the potential of pneumatic gloves to enable safer boxing.

The Design and Development of a Multi-Lingual Braille System Output Device with Audio Enhancement

Visually impaired people face difficulties in interacting and gaining full advantage of computers. Recently, and with the fast evolution in technology, researchers proposed to give the blinds the ability to take advantage of these advancements. Accordingly, designers and engineers started working on projects that relate input and output devices to the computers in order for the blind individual to have full control of the hi-tech machines. However, investments in these kinds of hardware presented complexity in the design, in addition to the high cost imposed by the devices used. The project’s objective is to design and develop a Multi-Lingual Braille System Output Device for the visually impaired individuals that enable them to access and read texts from a computer. The device acquires both English or Arabic texts and displays them using controlled piezoelectric Braille cells. It also has the ability to produce a sound that matches the displayed characters. The control of the cells is done via Programmable Interface Controller (PIC) microcontroller. The interaction between the device and the computer is done through the Universal Serial Bus (USB). C# is the language used to write the program responsible for controlling this interaction. The continuous development of such devices is essential for the visually impaired to keep up with the technological advancements. The main advantages of this system are its low cost, the added multi-lingual, and the audio features. In addition, many features can be added so as to satisfy the users’ needs, such as adding new languages and Grade 2 Braille System.

Electrostatic Charge Generation in Pneumatic Conveying Process: Effect of Particle Properties

One of the main concerns in particle pneumatic conveying process is the possibility of hazards for operation safety due to the electrostatic charge generation as a result of collisions between particles and the equipment wall. Indeed, the electrostatic discharge can occur in the equipment leading to fire or explosion. Simulation of these kinds of processes plays an important role in understanding the various aspects of the system in order to production loss prevention. This paper deals with the simulation of particle pneumatic conveying process inside an inclined tube using a particular method. In this method, the electrification of particles inside the tube is influenced by the vertical collision velocity against the tube wall. Simulation of the particle movements inside the tube, generation of electrostatic charges over the particle surfaces as well as the possibility of fire as a result of discharging the electrostatic energy are investigated. The possibility of fire is investigated by comparing the amount of electrostatic energy with minimum ignition energy (MIE) of the particles. The effect of particle properties including the size and mechanical ones in the simulation is studied. Finally, several solutions are proposed to manage the risk of fire and explosion. As results, the electrostatic energy (E) is beyond the MIE, and the electrostatic discharge can occur leading to explosion for the diameters more than 2 mm and also for elasticity constants lower than 140 MPa. Eventually, there is no hazard of fire and explosion, since all calculated electrostatic energy for the change of Particle Poisson’s ratio varying from 0.1 to 0.9 is less than the MIE value for the air flow rate of 10 m3/h.

Pressure induced stability: from pneumatic structures to Tensairity~

Structural stabilization by a pressurized fluid is very common in nature, however hardly found in technology. Car tires, hot air balloons, airships and airhouses are among the few technical exceptions, which are stabilized by a compressed medium, typically air. Restricted by simple geometries and a very limited load bearing capacity these pneumatic structures could succeed only in very specialized applications. Nevertheless, prospective concepts ag has systematically investigated pneumatic structures during the last few years. As a major result, it was demonstrated that almost any shape can be made with pneumatic structures and that astonishing structures such as the pneumatic airplane Stingray can be realized even with low air pressure. On top of that, Airlight Ltd. in close collaboration with prospective concepts ag has recently developed the fundamental new structural concept Tensairity. The synergetic combination of an inflated structure with conventional structural elements such as cables and struts yields pneumatic light-weight structures with the load bearing capacity of steel girders. Thus, complex forms and high strength open up many new opportunities for pressure induced stability in technology. An overview of these recent developments is presented and the close relationship of pneumatic structures with biology is outlined.

On the automobile lightweight

The significance,description parameters,evaluation method,implement way and design for lightweight of automobile are comprehensively reviewed.The relationship among the performances of auto parts & components,the properties of materials and application of advanced technologies is also elaborated.According to recently related progress of lightweight and authors' research and developing work,lightweight of automobile is comprehensively and systematically overviewed.

基于机器视觉的飞机故障检查系统

针对当前飞机维修检查工作以人工目视检查为主、效率低且存在人为因素影响的情况,设计一套基于图像识别与机器深度学习的飞机部件表面无损检测系统。收集并整理了某航空公司一线飞机维修员拍摄的飞机机身及发动机部件图片,对图片集进行预处理,包括通道提取、Sobel滤波处理及二值化;最后用Blob分析对处理后的图像进行特征提取与系统分析。系统运行速度快、准确率高且可连续自动识别图像。利用机器视觉技术对飞机部件表面进行无损检测不仅可以提高生产效率,同时可以去除人为因素对航空器飞行安全的影响,使得飞机的飞行安全得到进一步提升。实践证明,该系统性能稳定可靠,具有极高的推广应用价值。

老旧直升机维修中无损检测技术的应用

随着使用年限的增长,老旧直升机结构性故障和偶发性故障逐渐增多,给维护修理带来了诸多困难,维护人员常常不能及时发现和消除故障隐患。针对当前老旧直升机的特点和维修现状,介绍了无损检测技术在航空维修领域中的应用,结合直升机结构特点和使用情况探讨确定老旧直升机无损检测的重点部位和关键部件,围绕不同无损检测技术特点对直升机关键部件检测的具体应用方法进行阐述,并结合老旧直升机维护实践对无损检测技术的使用时机做出探讨和研究,最后对无损检测技术在老旧直升机维修中的应用前景进行了展望。

数控技术在农机零部件加工中的优化及应用

随着农业机械加工及制造行业的快速发展,为了满足农业机械多样化设计要求,数控节能加工技术通过精密的计算机控制,能够实现对农机零部件加工过程中各个参数的准确控制。针对传统农机零部件加工过程能耗大及难以控制的问题,基于带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法NSGA-Ⅱ对加工工艺参数进行多目标优化,并进行实验对比分析。研究结果对于提高农机零部件加工精度、降低能耗、减少加工时间等提供技术参考与借鉴。

复杂曲面零件的五轴数控加工技术研究

随着科技水平的不断提升,精密复杂曲面零件的应用越来越广泛。曲面驱动是复杂曲面零件加工的重要方法,驱动刀轨的规划直接关系到曲面物理特性的调控,应用五轴数控加工技术能够提升复杂曲面零件的加工质量。文章主要研究复杂曲面零件的五轴数控加工技术,以佛像这个复杂曲面零件为例,分析了曲面驱动刀轨规划、工装方案设计、加工策略以及试制加工过程。在实际加工过程中,技术人员应充分理解驱动刀轨规划思路与原理,在粗加工、精加工中完善刀轨设计,并进行试制加工。

某型复杂工程机械变速箱体复合工艺约束机加工线平衡研究

为解决机加工生产线平衡问题所包含的加工任务刀具需求、机床类型需求、加工方位约束、“紧密”型和“或”型约束等复杂条件,建立了机加工生产线平衡数学模型,并采用含多重筛选机制的粒子群算法进行了求解。首先,建立了满足此复杂实际约束条件的机加工生产线平衡问题数学模型;然后,采用粒子的位置坐标作为粒子群搜索的权重信息,进行了加工任务、集中任务的选取,并设计了多重筛选机制构造启发式任务集生成规则;采用此规则对待分配加工任务进行了多重筛选,以得到可供直接分配的加工任务集合,粒子群算法(PSO)从此集合中依次选取了加工任务,构成了完整的解,并形成了具体的任务分配方案;最后,为提高程序的实用性和可视性,设计了加工任务的甘特图生成模块,通过对某复杂工程机械变速箱体零件的实际案例研究,将简化后的任务信息代入算法进行了求解。研究结果表明:该方法实现了多组平衡率高于90%的优化结果,在节拍时间为1120 s时,得到94.66%的较高平衡率,排产方案表格内容与甘特图显示一致;算法推演结果满足设定的多种复合约束条件,通过与人工排产对比说明了该算法的有效性并具有较好的经济性、实用性;对柔性生产案例进行探讨,证明该算法运算结果具备一定的生产柔性。

基于虚拟仿真技术的收割机零部件智能化装配研究

为准确实现收割机零部件智能化装配,并获取最佳收割机零部件智能化装配路径,该文设计了基于虚拟仿真技术的收割机零部件智能化装配方法。首先采用Pro/E软件构建收割机零部件三维模型;然后构建收割机零部件智能化装配结构树模型反映收割机与零部件间的父子关联特性,并设计零部件装配约束条件,以约束条件完成收割机零部件智能化装配;最后利用遗传蚁群算法获取收割机零部件智能化装配规划的最佳路径。实验表明,该方法既可实现收割机零部件智能化装配,又可计算出收割机零部件智能化装配规划的最佳路径,提升收割机的智能化装配速度。

基于粒子图像测速技术的节状地下连续墙变形特性与破坏模式研究

节状地下连续墙(简称节状墙)是一种新型的地基基础形式,具备良好的工程特性,相对于传统地下连续墙而言,由于节部的存在,其抗拔承载力得到了有效地提升。目前,节状墙的应用及研究尚处于起步阶段,其变形特性与破坏模式亟待摸清。通过室内模型试验辅以粒子图像测速(particle image velocimetry,简称PIV)技术对节状墙基础竖向受拉下的位移和破坏形态开展了分析,研究结果表明:端部与中部节的设置扩大了深部与浅部土体的影响范围,多部节的设置相对于单部节有利于调动更广范围的土体。节状墙的破坏模式包括垂直滑移面、倒金字塔状或正切曲线和花瓶状曲线(即曲线滑移面)相连接的滑移面。总体而言,与抗拔桩相比,节状墙的抗拔破坏面受到节部数量和位置的影响而表现为复合型,且部分滑移面的走向与土体内摩擦角有关。

立德树人视域下机电专业课程维度创新与优化——以“液气电控制技术”课程为例

以机电类专业核心课程“液气电控制技术”为例,探索课程思政的重塑途径和创新模式。将培养德才兼备的复合型高素质技能人才作为课程思政建设的目标,从顶层设计、思政元素挖掘、典型案例库建立、思政点融入方式等四个层面逐步构建教学改革的框架,实现了专业知识与思政要素的高精准、全过程、深渗透的多阶段融合。此外,推行“岗课赛证”一体化的创新教学模式,确保课程教学紧密对接产业发展,并与技能竞赛、职业技能等级证书全面相融,提炼出“2-8-2”十二步混合式课堂实施流程,体现新时代教学理念的创新与升华,实现了专业课程与思政教育协同育人,对其他专业课程的思政改革起到了一定的辐射示范效应。

对链条零件加工工艺的探讨

现阶段,链条在动力传动中得到了大规模的应用,特别是在速度不高、功率强,以及温、高压、多尘等恶劣环境中。为防止链传动过程中产生“弹性打滑”现象,需要杜绝链条长时间工作下出现的磨损情况,防止链条的传动平稳性受到干扰,在工作时生成附加载荷、振动与噪音等。本研究以滚子链为案例,探讨滚子链链条链板、套筒、销轴、滚子等零件的加工工艺,旨在分析加工链条零件的工艺,满足链传动动力传递标准。

易变形薄壁壳零件的数控加工技术

文章对影响薄壁壳零件数控加工质量的各种因素进行了深入分析,包括切削力、热变形、机床精度、装夹方式等。从工艺参数、夹具设计和机床性能3个方面入手,提出一系列优化策略,以有效降低薄壁壳体零件的加工变形,从而大幅提升薄壁壳体零件的加工精度,为数控加工提供新思路、新方法,促进我国产业技术进步与品质提升。

航天复杂薄壁零件加工工艺知识图谱构建及其应用

针对航天复杂薄壁零件加工工艺数据结构化程度低、难以重用等问题,将知识图谱引入工艺设计领域,提出了一种典型的复杂薄壁零件加工工艺知识图谱构建方法。首先,自顶向下定义工艺知识层次结构,利用本体建模构建了模式层;其次,利用知识抽取、知识融合及本体关系建立的方法自底向上构建了数据层,通过Neo4j图数据库完成了模式层与数据层的映射,并实现了工艺知识的可视化表征和快速检索;然后,在构建完成的工艺知识图谱基础上,结合零件属性和特征拓扑关系的相似度实现了工艺路线推荐;最后,搭建了复杂薄壁零件加工工艺知识图谱可视化系统,并以框段类零件为例展示了工艺知识检索与工艺路线推荐功能。研究结果表明:对基于知识图谱和相似度计算的工艺路线推荐模型进行了500次测试,有94.7%的推荐列表中存在与目标零件相符的工艺路线。这证明了该工艺知识图谱的构建方法是可行的,并且其对工艺设计工作起到辅助决策作用,可以有效提高工艺查询和设计的效率。

煤矿井下碎软煤层气动定向钻进技术与装备研究

【目的】我国煤层赋存地质条件复杂,碎软煤层分布广泛,高瓦斯和煤与瓦斯突出矿井众多,目前采用钻孔瓦斯抽采是防治瓦斯灾害的有效措施。碎软煤层常规回转钻进存在轨迹不可控、成孔深度浅、抽采盲区大,常规定向钻进卡埋钻事故多、成孔困难、钻进效率低等问题。【方法】系统阐述了煤矿井下碎软煤层钻进技术的发展历程与应用现状,研制了气动螺杆钻具、定向钻机、随钻测量系统、除尘泵车、空压机或制氮机、油雾润滑装置等组成的煤矿井下气动定向钻进装备,并配套开发了气动定向钻进工艺和筛管完孔技术等关键技术,解决碎软煤层定向钻进成孔难题,保障瓦斯抽采效果。利用该成套技术与装备在两淮、山西、贵州等地区煤矿进行的碎软煤层定向钻孔试验。【结果和结论】研究表明:(1)气动定向钻进技术是碎软煤层钻孔瓦斯治理的有效技术手段,其钻进深度普遍达到200 m以上,最大钻孔深度达607 m,且可有效控制钻孔轨迹在目标煤层中延伸,煤层钻遇率达90%以上。(2)现场试验表明,气动定向钻进成孔效果好、施工效率高,最大效率达到3 594 m/(台·月),有力推动气动定向钻进技术从小规模试验到大规模的工业化推广应用。结合此成套技术与装备的应用现状和煤矿安全高效生产对钻探技术装备的发展需求,提出煤矿井下气动定向钻进技术与装备的拓展应用方向以及向自动化、智能化和集约化方向发展的现实需求和必然趋势。

低雷诺数涡轮气热耦合仿真及被动优化技术研究

针对低雷诺数下涡轮发动机气动效率低、热负荷高的问题,以带有径向冷却通道的NASA-MarkⅡ型高压涡轮导叶为研究对象,开展基于凹槽和球窝的被动优化技术研究。利用计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟技术,对NASA-MarkⅡ进行全三维气热耦合仿真计算,结合已有NASA实验数据进行验证。结果表明:在换热特性方面,低雷诺数条件下凹槽叶形可以有效改善叶片叶根附近流体的换热特性,降低叶根处的热负荷,凹槽深度越大,换热特性的优化效果越明显;在气动性能方面,球窝结构的叶形优化效果更好,其中深径比小、深度大的球窝叶形减小总压损失的效果显著。