Systematic Contradiction Between Heritage Conservation and Tourism Development: Cleaning the Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu

In recent years, with the rapid development of the tourist industry, world heritage sites become more and more popular among tourists from home and abroad. Therefore, heritage tourism has become a new hotspot. However, while world heri- tage sites are making obvious economic benefit from tourism, they also bring various problems and contradictions, of which the most troublesome one is the contradiction between heritage con- servation and tourism development. To discuss and analyze the root and the essence of the above contradiction and find a way to bring about harmony between them is an important program faced by our national heritage management practice and academic re- search. Based on the case of cleaning the Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu, this paper ana- lyzes the reasons why our national world cultural heritage sites bring about the above contradiction in the process of tourism development and points out that the improper system and stake- holders’ benefit imbroglio are respectively the root and the es- sence of the contraction. Then, it also puts forward corresponding solutions.

Walking Into the Temple Gate

In the Chinese Buddhist world there is a saying, 'One who knows about Sichuan knows something about Buddhism; one who knows about Buddhism knows about Sichuan.' In ancient and modem times, Buddhist temples and monasteries have been located in the mountains, tall, rugged and beautiful in this part of the country, where thousands of Buddhists live or gather to undergo rigorous ascetic discipline. Buddhism has a profound influence in the province. Today about 60,000 Buddhist monks and nuns live in the province, among whom about 2,000 are bhiksuni (Sanskrit term for Buddhist nun). There is an ever greater number of believers in Buddhism. It is thought that there are about six million Buddhists in Sichuan; five million practice Han-language-family Buddhism and the other million are of the Tibetan-language-family Buddhism.In an effort to describe the life of Buddhist nuns to our readers, Women of China visited the Aidao Monastery (a temple that is opened to the public) and the Tiexiang (Iron Statue) Monastery in Chengdu, capital of Sichuan Province.

Fair at the Temple of Earth

WITH all of its fun and games, the Spring Festival fair at the Temple of Earth in Beijing is a good place to spend the holidays. Ever since 1985, when the temple first resumed the practice of holding the fair during the Spring Festival, the annual event has attracted more and more people every year. In fact, the temple fair has gradually developed into a holiday exhibition of traditional local culture as well as an influential mass cultural activity. The opening ceremony is a major part of the temple fair. All who attend are impressed by its magnificence and liveliness. The arch tower at the

Folk Fair at the Temple of Earth in Beijing

Every spring, a grand fair full of folk tastes is held at the Temple of Earth in Beijing. The powerful gong and drums are the most popular program. The actors and actresses hail from all parts of China.

Temple of Diana in Timacum Minus and Some Aspects of Cult of Diana in Territory of Serbia

Three votive monuments dedicated to the cult of Diana have been identified to date in the territory of Roman Municipium Timacum Minus. Two of them are related to erection and restoration of the temple of Diana. According to onomastic formulae of the dedicants’ names, the first monument may be dated into the period of Emperor Hadrian’s rule or immediately after it, and the other into the period of the reign of Marcus Aurelius or directly following it. The main methodological approach in this paper was researching Diana’s cult in general, and then also examining analogies to votive monuments from Timacum Minus in the territory of Serbia. Even though there have been only five such monuments identified to date, analogies show that it was already in 2nd century that the influence of Romanisation in the territory of Serbia was well under way, and that in worshipping Diana, her companions the nymphs, and Apollo-Diana-Silvanus, it was indeed Roman deities that were being worshipped and not interpretatio Romana of indigenous deities. Socio-economic position of the dedicants indicates that they belonged to middle or upper social strata （legatus legionis VII Claudiae piae fidelis, duumvir, pontifex, eques Romanus）.