On the Combination of “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” —— and a Discussion on “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese Language Studies

In Chinese language studies, both “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” are traditional in methodology and they both deserve being treasured, passed on, and further developed. It will certainly do harm to the development of academic research if any of the two methods is given unreasonable priority. The author claims that the best or one of the best methodologies of the historical study of Chinese language is the combination of the two, hence a new interpretation of “The Double-proof Method”. Meanwhile, this essay is also an attempt to put forward “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese language studies, in which the author believes that it is not advisable to either treat Gui-mei as Quan-ma or vice versa in linguistic research. It is crucial for us to respect always the language facts first, which is considered the very soul of linguistics.

Textual Research on the Historical Data of the 1573 AD Minxian Earthquake in Gansu Province and Discussion on Its Seismogenic Structure

According to the detailed study of the historical earthquake records and causative structure of the Minxian M6(1/2) earthquake in 1573 {A.D.}, we have found that the most grievous disaster area lies nearby the Minxian county seat (Minzhou county at that time). So, we have identified the extremely seismic area of the 1573 {A.D.} The Minxian M6(1/2) earthquake was located in Minxian city, the intensity of the meizoseismal region is Ⅷ～Ⅸ, the epicenter is 34.4°N, 104.0°E, the location precision is Ⅱ and the deviation of location is less than or equal to 25km. Tectonically, this area lies in the transition region of stress transfer and structural transform between the east Kunlun fault and the northern margin of the west Qinling fault. The differential activity of the Lintan-Dangchang fault zone is obvious, and only parts of the segment put up Holocene activity. There are landslides and rock bursts of different sizes in the meizoseismal region. By integrated analysis, we conclude that the Minxian-Dangchang segment of the Lintan-Dangchang fault is the seismogenic structure of the 1573 A.D. M6(1/2) Minxian earthquake, in Gansu Province.

回望“真实性”(authenticity)(上)——一个旅游研究的热点

麦坎内尔(MacCannell)掀起的"真实性"研究热已逾30年,其间,研究视角逐渐从"客观"转向"主观"。这既反映出真实性内涵的延展与变迁,亦凸显旅游主体—游客体验的重要性。然而,就研究者日渐褊狭的视域来看,旅游客体真实性对旅游体验真实性的影响从松散到几近断裂,旅游主体甚至以"悦纳万物"的信仰姿态视一切"存在"为真,从而收获真实的体验。客观真实与主观真实,究竟是谁决定或影响了谁?对此问题的探寻导致学界对旅游客体之"虚假"的重新界定和对旅游体验之"真实"的再度好奇,并因此形成旅游真实性研究的纷争局面。有鉴于此,对国内外真实性研究做一番缘起、视角、界定等方面的梳理和反思,或将对国内相关研究与应用有所裨益。

回望“真实性”(authenticity)(下)——一个旅游研究的热点

麦坎内尔掀起的"真实性"研究热已逾30年,其间,研究视角逐渐从"客观"转向"主观",这既反映出真实性内涵的延展与变迁,亦凸显旅游主体—游客体验的重要性。然而,就研究者日渐褊狭的视域来看,旅游客体真实性对旅游体验真实性的影响从松散到几近断裂,旅游主体甚至以"悦纳万物"的信仰姿态视一切"存在"为真,从而收获真实的体验。客观真实与主观真实,究竟是谁决定或影响了谁?对此问题的探寻导致学界对旅游客体之"虚假"的重新界定和对旅游体验之"真实"的再度好奇,并因此形成旅游真实性研究的纷争局面。有鉴于此,对国外真实性研究做一番缘起、视角、界定等方面的梳理和反思,或将对国内相关研究与应用有所裨益。

Textual research of Wudu earthquake in 186 B.C. in Gansu Province, China and discussion on its causative structure

On the basis of the textual research on the historical earthquake data and the field investigation of Wudu earthquake occurred in 186 B.C., we suggest that the earthquake parameters drawn from the present earthquake catalogs are not definite and amendments should be made. The heavily-damaged area of this earthquake should be located between Jugan township of Wudu County and Pingding township of Zhouqu County. Its epicenter should be in the vicinity of Lianghekou in Wudu County with a magnitude of about 7-7 1/4 and an intensity of about IX-X. The major axis direction of the heavily-damaged area should be in the WNW direction that is approximately consistent with the strike of the middle-east segment of Diebu-Bailongjiang active fault zone, and the origin time should match up to that of the latest paleoearthquake event [before （83±46） B.C.] obtained by the trench investigation. Certain seismic rupture evidences are still preserved on this fault segment. Therefore, we propose on the basis of comprehensive analysis that the causative structure of the M 7-7 1/4 Wudu earthquake in 186 B.C. should be in the middle-east segment of Diebu-Bailongjiang active fault zone.

A novel mutual authentication and key agreement protocol based on NTRU cryptography for wireless communications

In this paper, the authors present a novel mutual authentication and key agreement protocol based on the Number Theory Research Unit (NTRU) public key cryptography. The symmetric encryption, hash and “challenge-response” techniques were adopted to build their protocol. To implement the mutual authentication and session key agreement, the proposed protocol contains two stages: namely initial procedure and real execution stage. Since the lightweight NTRU public key cryptography is employed, their protocol can not only overcome the security flaws of secret-key based authentication protocols such as those used in Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), but also provide greater security and lower computational complexity in comparison with currently well-known public key based wireless authentication schemes such as Beller-Yacobi and M.Aydos protocols.

A Textual Research on Materia Medica of Origin of Orthonym and Synonym of Cuscutae Semen

A textual research on materia medica of origin of orthonym and synonym of Cuscutae Semen and synonym of Nu Luo was conducted in this study,and the trade name,regional synonym and nickname of Cuscutae Semen were reviewed.The records of orthonym and synonym of Cuscutae Semen in the past dynasties,and the first published literature and writing date of orthodox and synonym were summarized.The textual research showed that Nu Luo and Cuscutae Semen were not the same plant,which had positive significance for the identification of the origin and modern application of Cuscutae Semen.

Herbal Textual Research of Inulae Flos in Chinese Classic Prescription

The herbal textual research of Inulae Flos was carried out from the aspects of name,origin,habit and distribution,nature and flavor,meridian,efficacy and indications by referring to ancient Chinese herbal books and different editions of Pharmacopoeia of People’s Republic of China.After textual research,Inulae Flos has been named as"Inulae Flos"since Shennong Bencaojing(Shennong’s Herbal Classic).Its original plant is Inula japonica Thunb.or I.britannica L.,which is easy to multiply and widely distributed.Inulae Flos is used medically with clean and dry capitulum,and there is also honey-burning method.The description of Inulae Flos in Pharmacopoeia of People’s Republic of China,such as nature and flavor,meridian,efficacy and indications,is generally consistent with the records in traditional herbal books.

《清人诗文集总目提要》订补——以吴本泰等八位嘉兴作家为中心

就《清人诗文集总目提要》及《清人别集总目》两书,对其中吴本泰、袁国梓、葛定辰、葛定远、屠焯、屠逵、蒋楷和富遇恩八位浙江嘉兴地区作家的生卒年等有关问题予以订补,供编撰者及其他相关读者参考。

滇龙胆的本草考证

目的:研究历代典籍对滇龙胆的文献记载,对滇龙胆进行本草考证,以期为滇龙胆的开发利用提供参考。方法:通过查阅历代本草典籍,结合现代研究文献,对滇龙胆的名称、基原、产地变迁、采收加工以及品质评价进行系统的梳理、考证。结果:经考证,滇龙胆始载于《滇南本草》,别名坚龙胆、龙胆草、苦草等,为龙胆科龙胆属植物,基原植物为滇龙胆,是《中华人民共和国药典》龙胆药材的基原植物之一;主产于云南,临沧是其道地产区;滇龙胆一般于秋冬两季采收;加工多以产地初加工为主,即将滇龙胆清洗后阴干或晒干;历代本草典籍中对其质量评价的记载非常少,以“形如枯骨”“根肥长”“脂润”“味苦”“粘牙”作为质量好坏的评价标准,现代主要以龙胆苦苷含量作为龙胆药材质量评价的主要手段之一,辅助以外观性状等的观测。结论:考证结果将为今后滇龙胆的开发利用提供参考。

《金匮要略》“支饮”病名含义考释

支饮病是《金匮要略》的重要组成部分。但对于其疾病命名含义,长期以来充满争议。后世医家或从医理角度、或从临床实践角度,对这一疾病命名含义作出训释,而基于文字学角度进行探讨者却较为罕见。通过对“支”字形字义之考证,同时结合对张仲景原文记载之分析,“支饮”之“支”当为“支撑”之义,“支饮”病名含义为“支撑于胸膈之水饮”。支撑于胸膈间之支饮,与位于人体腹部之痰饮、四肢之溢饮、胸胁之悬饮,涵盖了人体之大部,与“水在心”“水在肺”等“水在五脏”条文互为羽翼,从不同角度构建了仲景痰饮证治理论体系。

丁玲小说《在医院中》的历史考证

小说《在医院中》是丁玲中期创作的代表作,同时也是令她在政治上饱受磨难的一部作品。她一生中很少就这篇作品发表意见,甚至可以说是三缄其口、讳莫如深。究竟是什么原因,让她对小说《在医院中》如此敏感呢?通过对作品中的“XX医院”“人物事件”“创作动因”以及延安文艺整风与丁玲之间的关系等四个方面的详细考证,可以深入探讨丁玲在1940年的情绪低沉、思想困顿、情感纠葛和自我救赎。通过对相关史料文献的重新梳理,可以揭开丁玲创作《在医院中》的历史之谜。

《神农本草经》杜若考

杜若入药最早记载于《神农本草经》,一名杜衡。古时较长时间人们均认为杜若是姜科类植物,现今植物分类学家定为鸭跖草科植物,但几乎不作药用。通过对《神农本草经》中杜若的药名含义、植物形态、功效、资源利用等多角度进行查考分析,发现最早使用的杜若很有可能是中药杜衡,来源马兜铃科细辛属植物杜衡Asarum forbesii Maxim.与小叶马蹄香A.ichangense C. Y. Cheng et C. S. Yang。

《清人诗文集总目提要》订补——以梁祐逵等七位作家为中心

今人柯愈春先生所著《清人诗文集总目提要》代表着清代诗歌(包括散文)文献学研究的最高成就。因此,对该书中存在的若干舛误与疏漏进行订正与补充,使之尽可能更趋完善,是一项很有意义的工作。同时,这些遗留下来的问题,其难度相对来说也是最大的。现在就梁祐逵、王廷弼(王廷璧)、祁皋、王永命、李子金、刘仪恕、刘涵等作家的有关问题做些订补,供柯愈春先生及其他相关读者参考。

常璩《华阳国志》著录宗旨与音乐观念考辨

《华阳国志》是两晋时期常璩所著的一部带有浓郁地方色彩的史志,书中不仅记录了上百个古代人物的事迹,而且还详细描述了当地少数民族演绎歌谣、歌舞、器乐等的真实情景。从书名“华阳国”一词来看,该书所著录的是封建中央王朝之外的少数民族地区的史志,常璩依托当地民俗民风和人们的宗教观念,对一些音乐史料进行了考证,因此《华阳国志》具有独特的文化价值,对中国少数民族音乐发展产生了一定的影响。

苏东坡黄州词《南乡子·重九涵晖楼呈徐君猷》写作时间考

《南乡子·重九涵晖楼呈徐君猷》一词是苏东坡在黄州重阳节涵晖楼宴席上填的。词人以诗的意境和语言,紧扣重九楼头饮宴,意境深刻,影响深远。至于该词的写作时间,众说纷纭,莫衷一是。本文从《南乡子·重九涵晖楼呈徐君猷》词的思想内容、从写作背景考证《南乡子·重九涵晖楼呈徐君猷》词的写作时间、从思想情感考证《南乡子·重九涵晖楼呈徐君猷》词的写作时间等三个方面考证其写作时间,通过考证,得出的结论是:《南乡子·重九涵晖楼呈徐君猷》一词是苏东坡元丰三年(1080)重阳节所写。

中医经典名方西黄丸处方考证、历史沿革应用及其质量标志物预测分析

经典名方西黄丸出自《外科证治全生集·卷四》,为清代名医王洪绪所创,是中医治疗乳腺癌的经典方剂,由牛黄、麝香、乳香、没药4味药物组成。功效清热解毒、消肿散结,主治热毒壅结所致痈疽疔毒、瘰疬、流注、癌肿,临床常用于治疗肺癌、乳腺癌、胃癌等,在肿瘤辅助治疗方面疗效显著。该文通过医药典籍系统梳理该处方的出处,对处方用量、处方中各药味进行了考证,并对西黄丸的历史沿革应用进行分析,同时以质量标志物(Q-Marker)的“五原则”为纲领预测了西黄丸的质量标志物,结果发现麝香酮、α-乳香酸、β-乳香酸、3-乙酰基-11-酮基-β-乳香酸、3-乙酰基-α-乳香酸、3-乙酰基-β-乳香酸、11-酮基-β-乳香酸、β-榄香烯等可作为西黄丸主要的Q-Marker,为西黄丸的质量控制、后续的研究开发以及临床应用提供了科学的理论依据。

瓦楞子的本草考证

瓦楞子为常用的多基原海洋中药,药用历史悠久。《中华人民共和国药典》记载其基原动物为蚶科动物毛蚶Arca subcrenata Lischke、泥蚶Arca granosa Linnaeus或魁蚶Arca inflata Reeve。在查阅历代本草书籍、文献的基础上,对瓦楞子的名称、基原、入药部位、产地分布、药性功效等方面进行系统的本草考证,以正本清源,为其深入研究提供思路。经考证,瓦楞子以“魁蛤”之名首载于《名医别录》,瓦楞子一名首见于《本草备要》。在古代蚶科多种属动物均可入药,最早以肉入药,南北朝至唐代起壳与肉均可入药,其肉名“蚶”,甘、平,为药食两用之品,清代至今所用瓦楞子多为其壳。其壳由单一药味“咸”发展为复合药味“甘、咸”,《本草求真》首次记载其“专入肝”,今认为其主入肝经,兼入肺胃二经。沿海广分布。目前《中华人民共和国药典》只收载其壳为瓦楞子。

蒙药塔日努本草考证及现代研究概述

本文结合经典医籍、历代本草与现代研究,对蒙药塔日努的历史沿革进行梳理,为相关研究利用提供参考。从塔日努基原植物、形态、性味、功效等方面进行本草考证,认为蒙医所用塔日努为大戟科植物狼毒大戟Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.的干燥根,余为代用品或伪品。从化学成分、药理作用及毒性研究、炮制方法及炮制对其毒效影响等方面对塔日努现代研究进行归纳总结。

安胎经典名方寿胎丸的古今文献分析与关键信息考证

目的:系统整理经典名方寿胎丸的相关古今文献,对寿胎丸的关键信息进行考证研究,为其临床应用及制剂研发提供科学依据。方法:基于古今文献,采用现代计量学方法,对安胎经典名方寿胎丸的历史源流、组成、剂量、炮制、制法与煎服法及功效与应用进行考证分析。结果:经过文献检索,共收集古籍文献1条,现代临床研究151条。寿胎丸的药物组成为炒菟丝子、桑寄生、川续断和真阿胶,根据古今剂量折算,菟丝子149.2 g,桑寄生、川续断和真阿胶各74.6 g(菟丝子∶炒桑寄生∶川续断∶真阿胶的质量比为2∶1∶1∶1),前3味药制成最细粉,与水化后的阿胶制成丸剂,每丸约0.37 g,1次服用20丸,1日2次,分早午服用。古籍记载寿胎丸的主治为“滑胎”,现代临床主要用于复发性流产和先兆流产,其主要通过降低胚胎丢失、促进子宫内膜脱膜化、调控自噬和抑制凋亡等作用发挥妊娠保护作用。该方的主要活性成分有黄酮类、有机酸、三萜皂苷类、环烯醚萜苷类和内酯类。结论:本研究通过对安胎经典名方寿胎丸的文献考证及研究,为处方后期开发提供了参考依据。