Design of a Metasurface Antenna Based on Characteristic Mode Theory

A novel metasurface antenna consisting of 5×5 rectangular patch elements is presented.Thestructure with and without the central element are both analyzed by the Characteristic Mode Theory(CMT).The developed mutually orthogonal principal modes of the optimized periodic patch structure areexcited by a center-feed dipole.A differential feeding network is employed to realize impedance matching.Prototype with profile height of 0.07λ_(0)(λ_(0)is the wavelength in free space at the lowest operatingfrequency)is fabricated and assembled to verify the simulation results.The measured results show that thereflectance coefficient of proposed matesurface antenna is less than-10 dB in the whole operating bandrange from 4.2 GHz to 5.5 GHz,a relative bandwidth of 26.8%is achieved,and the maximummeasured realized gain is more than 9 dBi with a maximum radiation efficiency of 90%.The designprovides a guideline on the application of characteristic modes(CMs)to radiation problems.

Problem-solving model guided by stimulus-organism-response theory:State of mind and coping styles of depressed mothers after cesarean delivery

BACKGROUND The use of a problem-solving model guided by stimulus-organism-response(SOR)theory for women with postpartum depression after cesarean delivery may inform nursing interventions for women with postpartum depression.AIM To explore the state of mind and coping style of women with depression after cesarean delivery guided by SOR theory.METHODS Eighty postpartum depressed women with cesarean delivery admitted to the hospital between January 2022 and October 2023 were selected and divided into two groups of 40 cases each,according to the random number table method.In the control group,the observation group adopted the problem-solving nursing model under SOR theory.The two groups were consecutively intervened for 12 weeks,and the state of mind,coping styles,and degree of post-partum depression were analyzed at the end of the intervention.RESULTS The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale-24-item scores of the observation group were lower than in the control group after care,and the level of improvement in the state of mind was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The level of coping with illness in the observation group after care(26.48±3.35)was higher than that in the control group(21.73±3.20),and the level of avoidance(12.04±2.68)and submission(8.14±1.15)was lower than that in the control group(15.75±2.69 and 9.95±1.20),with significant differences(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Adopting the problem-solving nursing model using SOR theory for postpartum depressed mothers after cesarean delivery reduced maternal depression,improved their state of mind,and coping level with illness.

Psychological intervention based on social cognitive theory: Treating pain, anxiety, and depression in perioperative patients

BACKGROUND Surgery is an effective method for treating certain diseases.Factors such as disease,preoperative fear and tension,surgical stress,postoperative pain,and related complications directly affect the smooth progression and outcome of surgery.Patients may experience a series of psychological and physiological changes during the perioperative period,resulting in anxiety and depression,which may reduce the pain threshold and worsen their prognosis.METHODS We enrolled 200 patients who underwent surgical care at The First People’s Hospital of Lin’an District,Hangzhou between January and December 2023.They were categorized into a routine intervention group(n=103)and a psychological intervention group(n=97),based on the intervention strategies used.Various assessment tools,including the self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),the self-rating depression scale(SDS),and the Connor–Davidson Resilience scale,were used to measure patients’negative states and emotions.The pre-and post-intervention scores for these metrics in the two groups were then analyzed.RESULTS In the psychological intervention group,the SAS and SDS scores(31.56±5.18 and 31.46±4.57,respectively)were significantly reduced compared to the routine intervention group(P<0.05).The visual analog scale pain scores at 12 and 24 hours after intervention(6.85±1.21,4.24±0.72)were notably higher than those in the routine intervention group(P<0.05).The psychological intervention group also demonstrated superior scores in perseverance(36.08±3.29),self-reliance(22.63±2.91),optimism(11.42±1.98),and resilience(70.13±5.37),compared to the routine intervention group(P<0.05).Additionally,the psychological intervention group’s confrontation score(23.16±4.29)was higher(P<0.05).This group also reported lower scores in avoidance(9.28±1.94)and yielding(6.19±1.92)(P<0.05).Lastly,the Short Form 36 Health Survey scores were significantly higher in the psychological intervention group,indicating a better quality of life(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Psychological intervention measures based on SCT can effectively alleviate pain,anxiety,and depression in periop-erative patients.

A Comparative Study of the English Translations of“Chun Ye Xi Yu”From the Perspective of Register Theory

Ancient poetry is an irreplaceable component of Chinese culture and an invaluable asset in China’s cultural heritage.With the rapid development of globalization and informatization,Chinese poem is attracting more and more interests and focuses as one part of China’s cultural soft power which plays an important role on spreading traditional Chinese culture.Systemic functional linguistics mainly explores the essence,entailment,system and structure of language from the perspective of social culture,especially the relationship between context and discourse.Therefore,the paper applies the register theory to Chinese poem translations of Xu Yuanchong and Yang Xianyi of“Chun Ye Xi Yu”in order to compare two translated texts from three aspects of field,tenor,and mode,and examine the expression of the connotation of the original poem between the two translations.

Assignment of terahertz vibrational modes of L-glutamine using density functional theory within generalized-gradient approximation

The crystal structure of L-glutamine is stabilized by a three-dimensional network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds.We utilize plane-wave density functional theory lattice-dynamics calculations within the generalized-gradient approximation（GGA）, Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof（PBE）, PBE for solids（PBEsol）, PBE with Wu–Cohen exchange（WC）, and dispersion-corrected PBE, to investigate the effect of these intermolecular contacts on the absorption spectra of glutamine in the terahertz frequency range. Among these calculations, the solid-state simulated results obtained using the WC method exhibit a good agreement with the measured absorption spectra, and the absorption features are assigned with the help of WC. This indicates that the vibrational modes of glutamine were related to the combination of intramolecular and intermolecular motions, the intramolecular modes were dominated by rocking or torsion involving functional groups; the intermolecular modes mainly result from the translational motions of individual molecules, and the rocking of the hydrogenbonded functional groups.

Theory of mind deficits in patients with esophageal cancer combined with depression

AIM:To characterize the two components of theory of mind(ToM) in patients with esophageal cancer combined with depression.METHODS:Sixty-five patients with esophageal cancer combined with depression(depressed group) and 62 normal controls(control group) were assessed using reading the mind in the eyes test,faux pas task,verbal fluency test,digit span test and WAIS IQ test.The depressed group was divided into two subgroups including psychotic depressed(PD) group(32 cases) and nonpsychotic depressed(NPD) group(33 cases).The clinical symptoms of patients were assessed using Beck depression inventory version Ⅱ and brief psychiatric reacting scale(BPRS).RESULTS:There was a significant difference between the depressed group and the control group on tasks involving ToM social perceptual components(mind reading:t = 7.39,P < 0.01) and tests involving ToM social cognitive components(faux pas questions:t = 13.75,P < 0.01),respectively.A significant difference was also found among the PD group,the NPD group and the control group on mind reading(F = 32.98,P < 0.01) and faux pas questions(χ 2 = 78.15,P < 0.01),respectively.The PD group and NPD group performed worse than normal group controls both on mind reading and faux pas questions(P < 0.05).The PD group performed significantly worse than the NPD group on tasks involving ToM(mind reading:F = 18.99,P < 0.01;faux pas questions:F = 36.01,P < 0.01).In the depressed group,there was a negative correlation between ToM performances and BPRS total score(mind reading:r =-0.35,P < 0.01;faux pas questions:r =-0.51,P < 0.01),and between ToM performances and hostile suspiciousness factor score(mind reading:r =-0.75,P < 0.01;faux pas questions:r =-0.73,P < 0.01),respectively.CONCLUSION:The two components of ToM are both impaired in patients with esophageal cancer combined with depression.This indicates that there may be an association between ToM deficits and psychotic symptoms in clinical depression.

Diagenetic Alteration Modes of the Deep Formation of Paleogene of Chezhen Depression,Bohai Bay Basin

The deep buried clastic formation of Paleogene is an important hydrocarbon reservoir in the Chezhen depression.There are two types of diagenetic alteration modes in it.The first mode is weak compaction, strong cementation,fracturing and weak dissolution in the sandstone and conglomerate on the steep slope of the depression.The reservoirs are cemented mainly by carbonate minerals strongly。

Kinetic theory of geodesic acoustic modes in toroidal plasmas:a brief review

Geodesic acoustic modes（GAM） are oscillating zonal structures unique to toroidal plasmas,and have been extensively studied in the past decades due to their potential capabilities of regulating microscopic turbulences and associated anomalous transport.This article reviews linear and nonlinear theories of GAM;with emphases on kinetic treatment,system nonuniformity and realistic magnetic geometry,in order to reflect the realistic experimental conditions.Specifically,in the linear physics,the resonant wave-particle interactions are discussed,with the application to resonant excitation by energetic particles（EPs）.The theory of EP-induced GAM（EGAM） is applied to realistic devices for the interpretation of experimental observations,and global effects due to coupling to GAM continuum are also discussed.Meanwhile,in the nonlinear physics,the spontaneous GAM excitation by microscale turbulences is reviewed,including the effects of various system nonuniformities.A unified theoretical framework of GAM/EGAM is then constructed based on our present understandings.The first-principle-based GAM/EGAM theories reviewed here,thus,provide the tools needed for the understanding and interpretation of experimental/numerical results.

Asymptotic Theory of Guided Modes for Cladded Slab Waveguides

Multilayer cladded slab waveguides have been solved by using asymptotic theory once or twice. Based on the solution of a three layer slab waveguide, the wave number of guided modes has been expanded in series of one or two small parameters. One side cladded slab, two side cladded slab and two parallel cladded slab waveguide system are demonstrated to show how to use this essentially analytic method. Numerical examples have also been given and compared with exact solutions, eved the first or second order solutions are highly accurate.

Depression by the Theory of Breathing and Finding Meaning of Life

This study aimed to examine the relationship of finding meaning to life with the level of depression and investigates the effect of using breathing theory in treating or reducing depression in a sample of individuals suffering from depression in the Kuwait Mental Health Center. In order to achieve these objectives, the researcher used the descriptive and analytical approach through an applied questionnaire on the study sample which consist of (380) individuals and the quasi-experimental approach by dividing the study sample individuals into two groups;control group consisted of (190) individuals and experimental group consist of (190) individuals. Also, the researcher developed meaning of life scale and breathing strategy, also used beck depression inventory scale. The study found a set of results, there is a negative relationship between finding meaning in life and depression and there are statistically significant differences between the members of the two groups due to the use of the breathing strategy, in favor of the experimental group. In the light of this result, the study came out with a set of recommendations, the most important of which are holding training and educational courses for depressed patients on ways and methods of finding meaning in life, as these courses have the benefit in reducing the level of depression among patients.

The Construction of English Teaching Mode in Senior High School Based on OBE Theory

OBE theory focuses on students’learning outcomes and application ability,which is consistent with the requirements of the new curriculum standard.The paper attempts to apply OBE theory to innovate the construction of English classroom teaching mode in senior high schools from aspects of teaching aims,teaching activities,teaching assessments and application activities.Results show that the application of OBE in high schools is beneficial to the development of English teaching and students'learning.

A Comparative Study of Translation Course Teaching Mode of English Teacher and Chinese Teacher from the Perspective of Interactive Teaching Theory

The paper discusses a field study of different features of the teaching modes of English teacher and Chinese teacher from the perspective of interactive teaching theory.With survey of the translation course reform experimented in Chinese students classroom,the positive exposure of a foreign teacher combined with the work of a Chinese teacher's help in classroom are inspiring for further remolding of a better teaching mode tailored to some special group of Chinese students aiming for study abroad later.The newly teaching mode developed above would serve as a reference for the teaching field.

Alzheimer's disease with depressive symptoms: Clinical effect of intermittent theta burst stimulation repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease(AD),characterized by the ongoing deterioration of neural function,often presents alongside depressive features and greatly affects the quality of life of individuals living with the condition.Although several treatment methods exist,their efficacy is limited.In recent years,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)utilizing the theta burst stimulation(TBS)mode,specifically the intermittent TBS(iTBS),has demonstrated promising therapeutic potential in the management of neuropsychiatric disorders.AIM To examine the therapeutic efficacy of iTBS mode of rTMS for treating depressive symptoms in patients with AD.METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 105 individuals diagnosed with AD with depressive symptoms at Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital,affiliated with Huzhou University,between January 2020 and December 2023.Participants received standard pharmacological interventions and were categorized into control(n=53)and observation(n=52)groups based on treatment protocols.The observation group received iTBS mode of rTMS,while the control group received pseudo-stimulation.A comparative analysis evaluated psychological well-being,adverse events,and therapeutic at initiation of hospitalization(T0)and 15 days post-treatment(T1).RESULTS At T1,both groups exhibited a marked reduction in self-rating depression scale and Hamilton depression scale scores compared to T0.Furthermore,the observa-tion group showed a more pronounced decrease than the control group.By T1,the Mini-mental state examination scores for both groups had increased markedly from their initial T0 assessments.Importantly,the increase was particularly more substantial in the observation group than in the control group.Fourteen patients in the control group had ineffective treatment effects,while five patients in the observation group experienced the same.Additionally,the observation group experienced a substantially reduced incidence of ineffective treatment as compared to the control group(both P<0.05);there were no recorded serious adverse events in either group.CONCLUSION The iTBS model of rTMS effectively treated AD with depression,improving depressive symptoms and cognitive function in patients without serious adverse reactions,warranting clinical consideration.

Hydrocarbon generation history constrained by thermal history and hydrocarbon generation kinetics:A case study of the Dongpu Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China

With the increasing exploration and development of typical hydrocarbon-rich depressions,such as the Dongpu Depression,the exploitation difficulty of shallow formations is increasing.There is an urgent need to clarify the hydrocarbon generation mode and hydrocarbon generation histories in deep formations.In this study,a gold tube-autoclave closed system was used to simulate the hydrocarbon generation processes and establish the hydrocarbon generation mode of different types of kerogen.Then,constrained by the thermal history and hydrocarbon generation kinetics,hydrocarbon generation histories were modeled.The results show that hydrocarbon generation evolution can be divided into five stages,and the maturity of each stage is different.The hydrocarbon generation history of the source rocks of the Shahejie 3 Formation mainly dates from the early depositional period of the Shahejie 1 Formation to the middle depositional period of the Dongying Formation.Hydrocarbon generation history constrained by thermal history and hydrocarbon generation kinetics is more in line with actual geological conditions.Moreover,this research can provide important hydrocarbon generation parameters for deep oil and gas exploration and exploitation of the Shahejie 3 Formation in the Dongpu Depression.

Effects of cement-enhanced soil on the ultimate lateral resistance of composite pile in clayey soil

The composite pile consisting of core-pile and surrounding cement-enhanced soil is a promising pile foundation in recent years.However,how and to what extent the cement-enhanced soil influences the ultimate lateral resistance has not been fully investigated.In this paper,the ultimate lateral resistance of the composite pile was studied by finite element limit analysis(FELA)and theoretical upper-bound analysis.The results of FELA and theoretical analysis revealed three failure modes of laterally loaded composite piles.The effects of the enhanced soil thickness,strength,and pile-enhanced soil interface characteristics on the ultimate lateral resistance were studied.The results show that increasing the enhanced soil thickness leads to a significant improvement on ultimate lateral resistance factor(N P),and there is a critical thickness beyond which the thickness no longer affects the N P.Increasing the enhanced soil strength induced 6.2%-232.6%increase of N P.However,no noticeable impact was detected when the enhanced soil strength was eight times higher than that of the natural soil.The maximum increment of N P is only 30.5%caused by the increase of interface adhesion factor(a).An empirical model was developed to calculate the N P of the composite pile,and the results show excellent agreement with the analytical results.

Innovative Teaching Research on Literary Theory and Criticism

As a core compulsory course for English majors majoring in teacher education,Literary Theory and Criticism plays an important role in enhancing text understanding,cultivating critical thinking,and shaping correct values in the future development of students.Influenced by traditional teaching ideas,students have many difficulties when learning this course,such as insufficient theoretical understanding,inadequate ability improvement,and not enough investment in course learning.In response to the above issues,this course focuses closely on the fundamental task of“cultivating virtue and nurturing people”,relying on modern information technology and introducing research methods of digital humanities.This course uses“7C”teaching mode under the“three-level integration”,in which“teaching”and“education”are carried out synchronously,and“teacher”and“student”are developed together,in order to greatly enhance students’learning participation and course satisfaction.

DESIGN OF TERNARY CURRENT-MODE CMOS CIRCUITS BASED ON SWITCH-SIGNAL THEORY

By applying switch-signal theory, the interaction between MOS transmission switch-ing transistor and current signal in current-mode CMOS circuits is analyzed, and the theory oftransmission current-switches which is suitable to current-mode CMOS circuits is proposed. Thecircuits, such as ternary full-adder etc., designed by using this theory have simpler circuit struc-tures and correct logic functions. It is confirmed that this theory is efficient in guiding the logicdesign of current-mode CMOS circuits at switch level.

Calculation of the Coupling Coefficient of Twin-Core Fiber Based on the Supermode Theory with Finite Element Method

Currently, coupled mode theory (CMT) is widely used for calculating the coupling coefficient of twin-core fibers (TCFs) that are used in a broad range of important applications. This approach is highly accurate for scenarios with weak coupling between the cores but shows significant errors in the strong coupling scenarios, necessitating the use of a more accurate method for coupling coefficient calculations. Therefore, in this work, we calculate the coupling coefficients of TCFs using the supermode theory with finite element method (FEM) that has higher accuracy than CMT, particularly for the strong coupling TCF. To investigate the origin of the differences between the results obtained by these two methods, the modal field distributions of the supermodes of TCF are simulated and analyzed in detail.

Analytical Theory of the Geodesic Acoustic Mode in the Small and Large Orbit Drift Width Limits and its Application in a Study of Plasma Shaping Effect

Analytical theories of the geodesic acoustic mode （GAM） are reviewed in the small- and large-orbit drift width limits, respectively. Different physics pictures in these two limits are displayed. As an example, these two analytical methods are employed to investigate the plasma shaping effect on the frequency and collisionless damping rate of the GAM.

Analysis of Vibration Mode for H_2+F→HF+H Reaction Mechanism: Density functional Theory Calculation

Three density functional theory methods (DFT) have been used to investigate the H2+F?HF+H reaction comparing with the Hartree-Fock method and Moller-Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory method. Through the analysis of the vibrational mode and vibrational frequency in the reaction process, the reaction mechanism has been discussed. The activation energy, the reorganization energy and rate constant of the ET reaction are calculated at semi-quantitative level.