Educational Practices in the Model of Music Learning Theory of E. Edwin Gordon： An Observational Research

This paper analyzes the supervision activity, to which educators and teachers enrolled with AIGAM （Gordon Italian Association for the Musical Learning） are subject to every year and intends to verify the application of those principles expressed in the learning model of the MLT （Music Learning Theory） developed by educational psychologist E. Edwin Gordon （1989, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2007） and promoted internationally by various institutions and organizations specifically accredited. It describes the influence of the videotaped supervision on the process, functions of monitoring, and evaluation of educational practices, starting with an empirical model that has guided the interventions in a study of supervision on training aimed at consolidating and developing professional skills in music education in early childhood. This paper sought to understand： the kind of practices, interactions, communications developing during an educational actions, the existence of a consistent relationship between the principles expressed in the MLT and their application, the type and benefits of supervision performed by of video recording on stakeholders in terms of change in professional behavior, and finally whether the active supervision could be comparable with other kinds of approaches.

Observational Features of Large-Scale Structures as Revealed by the Catastrophe Model of Solar Eruptions

Large-scale magnetic structures are the main carrier of major eruptions in the solar atmosphere. These structures are rooted in the photosphere and are driven by the unceasing motion of the photospheric material through a series of equilibrium configurations. The motion brings energy into the coronal magnetic field until the system ceases to be in equilibrium. The catastrophe theory for solar eruptions indicates that loss of mechanical equilibrium constitutes the main trigger mechanism of major eruptions, usually shown up as solar flares, eruptive prominences, and coronal mass ejections （CMEs）. Magnetic reconnection which takes place at the very beginning of the eruption as a result of plasma instabilities/turbulence inside the current sheet, converts magnetic energy into heating and kinetic energy that are responsible for solar flares, and for accelerating both plasma ejecta （flows and CMEs） and energetic particles. Various manifestations are thus related to one another, and the physics behind these relationships is catastrophe and magnetic reconnection. This work reports on recent progress in both theoretical research and observations on eruptive phenomena showing the above manifestations. We start by displaying the properties of large-scale structures in the corona and the related magnetic fields prior to an eruption, and show various morphological features of the disrupting magnetic fields. Then, in the framework of the catastrophe theory, we look into the physics behind those features investigated in a succession of previous works, and discuss the approaches they used.

Alternative kind of hydrogen atoms as a possible explanation for the latest puzzling observation of the 21 cm radio line from the early Universe

There is a puzzling astrophysical result concerning the latest observation of the absorption profile of the redshifted radio line 21 cm from the early Universe(as described in Bowman et al.). The amplitude of the profile was more than a factor of two greater than the largest predictions. This could mean that the primordial hydrogen gas was much cooler than expected. Some explanations in the literature suggested a possible cooling of baryons either by unspecified dark matter particles or by some exotic dark matter particles with a charge a million times smaller than the electron charge. Other explanations required an additional radio background. In the present paper, we entertain a possible different explanation for the above puzzling observational result: the explanation is based on the alternative kind of hydrogen atoms(AKHA),whose existence was previously demonstrated theoretically, as well as by the analysis of atomic experiments. Namely, the AKHA are expected to decouple from the cosmic microwave background(CMB) much earlier(in the course of the Universe expansion) than usual hydrogen atoms, so that the AKHA temperature is significantly lower than that of usual hydrogen atoms. This seems to lower the excitation(spin) temperature of the hyperfine doublet(responsible for the 21 cm line) sufficiently enough for explaining the above puzzling observational result. This possible explanation appears to be more specific and natural than the previous possible explanations. Further observational studies of the redshifted 21 cm radio line from the early Universe could help to verify which explanation is the most relevant.

La Shalle＇s invariant-set-theory based asymptotic synchronization of duffing system with unknown parameters

A novel La Shalle＇s invariant set theory （LSIST） based adaptive asymptotic synchronization （LSISAAS） method is proposed to asymptotically synchronize Duffing system with unknown parameters which also are considered as system states. The LSISASS strategy depends on the only information, i.e. one state of the master system. According to the LSIST, the LSISASS method can asymptotically synchronize fully the states of the master system and the unknown system parameters as well. Simulation results also validate that the LSISAAS approach can obtain asymptotic synchronization.

Classical Theory of Advance of Perihelion of Mercury with Velocity Dependent Inertial and Gravitational Masses

It is shown that Mercury's motion of the perihelion around the Sun, which is believed to be explicable quantitatively only by general relativity, can be fully understood within the frame of the dynamics of special relativity. It is only necessary to take into consideration the relativistic dependence of the planet's inertial and gravitational masses on its velocity (relative to the Sun) in the conservation equations for energy, and linear and angular momenta in the gravitational field. The physical Problem is reduced to a singular, nonlinear differential equation, which is solved numerically for the planet Mercury. The advance of the perihelion of Mercury is shown to be = 42.087' for a period of 100 years, which is in agreement with the as- tronomical observations and the result (by analytical approximations) of general relativity.

Chaplygin gas of Tachyon Nature Imposed by Noether Symmetry and constrained via H(z)data

An action of general form is proposed for a Universe containing matter, radiation and dark energy. The latter is interpreted as a tachyon field non-minimally coupled to the scalar curvature. The Palatini approach is used when varying the action so the connection is given by a more generic form. Both the self-interaction potential and the non-minimally coupling function are obtained by constraining the system to present invariability under global point transformation of the fields （Noether Symmetry）. The only possible solution is shown to be that of minimal coupling and constant potential （Chaplygin gas）. The behavior of the dynamical properties of the system is compared to recent observational data, which infers that the tachyon field must indeed be dynamical.

Efficiency of Managers as Role Models:A Social Learning Theory Perspective

This systematic literature review aimed to analyze and synthesize studies that indicated the importance of behavioral observation in the organizational context.Based on Social Learning Theory and by considering relevant recent findings and theories,the impact of managers as role models for employees is researched and analyzed.The importance of this topic is to determine ways that learning and enhancing performance in the workplace can be applied for people management development.The literature for theory was numerous,however studies on the particular topic were limited and not expanded in the organizational context.The key message of this review is that the impact of managers and leaders can be positive and progressive both for the employees and for the organization.

General Relativity as the Classical Limit of the Renormalizable Gauge Theory of Volume Preserving Diffeomorphisms

The different roles and natures of spacetime appearing in a quantum field theory and in classical physics are analyzed implying that a quantum theory of gravitation is not necessarily a quantum theory of curved spacetime. Developing an alternative approach to quantum gravity starts with the postulate that inertial energy-momentum and gravitational energy-momentum need not be the same for virtual quantum states. Separating their roles naturally leads to the quantum gauge field theory of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms of an inner four-dimensional space. The classical limit of this theory coupled to a quantized scalar field is derived for an on-shell particle where inertial energy-momentum and gravitational energy-momentum coincide. In that process the symmetry under volume-preserving diffeomorphisms disappears and a new symmetry group emerges: the group of coordinate transformations of four-dimensional spacetime and with it General Relativity coupled to a classical relativistic point particle.

Measuring observability by generalized information theoretic quantities

A normalized measure is established to provide the quantitative information about the degree of observability for the discrete-time, stochastically autonomous system. This measure is based on the generalized information theoretic quantities （generalized entropy, mutual information） of the system state and the observations, where the system state can be a discrete or a continuous random vector. Some important properties are presented. For the linear case, the explicit formula for the degree of observability is derived, and the equivalence between the proposed measure and the traditional rank condition is proved. The curves for the degree of observability are depicted in a simple example.

The Impact of a Heterogeneous Surface on Spatiotemporal Uncertainties of Sensible Heat, Latent Heat, and CO₂Flux Measured over the Secondary Forest

The turbulent fluxes, such as sensible and latent heat fluxes and CO2 flux, are globally observed over various terrestrial areas in order to understand the interaction between biosphere and atmosphere. Although the turbulent flux observations are generally performed on a horizontally homogeneous surface, the spatial distribution of the soil moisture is not homogeneous even on cultivated land with homogeneous vegetation, indicating that the development of each plant would be different and that the plant physiology, such as photosynthesis and growth, would be heterogeneous. In this study, to clarify the impact of a heterogeneous surface on spatiotemporal uncertainty of turbulent fluxes, a simultaneous flux observation experiment was conducted at different heights (20 m and 30 m) above the ground surface in a secondary seasonal tropical forest located in the Tak Province, Thailand. We defined ε as the spatial uncertainty of the turbulent flow flux, as proposed by Kim et al. (2011b) [1], and observed that ε of CO2 flux was high, whereas ε of sensible and latent heat fluxes were low. This is likely to be caused by spatial uncertainty such as a heterogeneous surface. The CO2 environment was heterogeneous;however, sensible and latent heat environments were homogeneous because the source area received insolation uniformly. Therefore, the analytical results for the CO2 flux presented a different pattern from those exhibited by the analytical results of the latent and sensible heat fluxes.

What do parameterized Om(z) diagnostics tell us in light of recent observations?

In this paper, we propose a new parametrization for Om(z) diagnostics and show how the most recent and significantly improved observations concerning the H(z) and SN Ia measurements can be used to probe the consistency or tension between the ΛCDM model and observations. Our results demonstrate that H0 plays a very important role in the consistency test of ΛCDM with H(z)data. Adopting the Hubble constant priors from Planck 2013 and Riess, one finds considerable tension between the current H(z) data and ΛCDM model and confirms the conclusions obtained previously by others. However, with the Hubble constant prior taken from WMAP9, the discrepancy between H(z) data and ΛCDM disappears, i.e., the current H(z) observations still support the cosmological constant scenario. This conclusion is also supported by the results derived from the Joint Lightcurve Analysis(JLA) SN Ia sample. The best-fit Hubble constant from the combination of H(z)+JLA(H00 = 68.81+1.5-1.49 km s-1 Mpc-1) is very consistent with results derived both by Planck 2013 and WMAP9, but is significantly different from the recent local measurement by Riess.

A synchrotron self-Compton scenario for the very high energy γ-ray emission of the intermediate BL Lacertae object W Comae

W Comae has significant variability in multi-wavelengthes, from radio to gamma-ray bands. A bright outburst in optical and X-ray bands was observed in 1998, and most recently, a strong TeV flare was detected by VERITAS in 2008. It is the first TeV intermediate-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae source. I find that both the broadband spectral energy distributions （SEDs） which were quasi-simultaneously obtained during the TeV flare and during the optical/X-ray outburst are well fit by using a single-zone synchrotron ＋ synchrotron-self-Compton model. The satisfactory fitting requires a large beaming factor, i.e., δ- 25 and δ- 20 for the TeV flare and the optical/X-ray outburst, respectively, suggesting that both the optical/X-ray outburst and the TeV flare are from a relativistic jet. The size of the emission region of the TeV flare is three times larger than that of the optical/X-ray outburst, and the strength of the magnetic field for the TeV flare is - 14 times smaller than that of the X-ray/optical outburst, likely indicating that the region of the TeV flare is more distant from the core than that of the X-ray/optical outburst. The inverse Compton component of the TeV flare peaks around 1.3 GeV, but it is around 20 MeV for the X-ray/optical outburst, lower than that for the TeV flare by two orders of magnitude. The model predicts that the optical/X-ray outburst might be accompanied by a strong MeV/GeV emission, but the TeV flare may be not associated with the X-ray/optical outburst. The GeV emission is critical for characterizing the SEDs of the optical/X-ray outburst and the TeV flare. The predicted GeV flux is above the sensitivity of Fermi/LAT, and it could be verified with the observations by Fermi/LAT in the near future.

Searching for α variation and cosmic acceleration in the generalized BSBM theory with tachyonic potential

Abstract We consider the BSBM （Bekenstein, Sandvik, Barrow and Magueijo） cos- mological model in the presence of tachyon potential with the aim of studying the sta- bility of the model and test it against observations. The phase space analysis shows that from fourteen critical points that represent the state of the universe, only one is stable. With a small perturbation, the universe transits from a state of unstable deceleration to stable acceleration. The stability analysis combined with the best fitting process imposes constraints on the cosmological parameters that are in agreement with ob- servation. In the BSBM theory, the variation of fundamental constants is driven from variation of a scalar field. The tachyonic scalar field, responsible for both variation of fundamental constants and universal acceleration, is reconstructed.

Cosmological parameters for spatially flat dust filled Universe in Brans-Dicke theory

We have investigated late time acceleration for a spatially fiat dust filled Universe in Brans- Dicke theory in the presence of a positive cosmological constant A. Expressions for Hubble＇s constant, luminosity distance and apparent magnitude have been obtained for our model. The theoretical results are compared with observed values of the latest 287 high redshift （0.3 ≤ z ≤1.4） Type Ia supernova data taken from the Union 2.1 compilation to estimate present values of matter and dark energy parame- ters, （Ωm）0 and （ΩA）0. We have also estimated the present value of Hubble＇s constant H0 in light of an updated sample of Hubble parameter measurements including 19 independent data points. The results are found to be in good agreement with recent astrophysical observations. We also calculated various physical parameters such as matter and dark energy densities, present age of the Universe and decelera- tion parameter. The value for Brans-Dicke-coupling constant ω is set to be 40 000 based on accuracy of solar system tests and recent experimental evidence.

大气热带波动研究进展

本文简要回顾了热带波动的浅水理论解及对应的波动特征。系统介绍了从观测资料中区分和分离热带波动的信号的方法,指出近年来在热带波动观测和分离研究方面取得了明显进展,许多不同于经典波动理论的新特征被揭示。在此基础上回顾了几种影响波动演变的机制(如,波流相互作用、波动—积云对流相互作用、水汽作用等)来部分解释观测热带波动与理论的差异的可能原因。这些研究表明局地大尺度环流和湿对流等在热带波动结构演变、强度和位置中有着重要作用。文中还综述了热带波动对热带气旋生成和路径的影响及可能机制,这表明热带波动的变化能够较好解释热带天气(如,热带气旋)的变化特征。最后,大气热带波动研究依然有许多科学问题亟待解决,它对于大气科学发展具有重要科学意义。

基于扰动观测器的分数阶终端滑模电液变桨控制方法

为改善风电机组电液变桨系统的控制性能,文章提出了基于扰动观测器的分数阶终端滑模控制方法。建立风电机组电液变桨系统数学模型,利用滑模状态扰动观测器(SMSPO)对变桨系统参数的不确定性和未知扰动进行实时补偿。采用分数阶微积分理论设计终端滑模控制器的滑模面,在保证有限时间收敛的同时,改善了滑模控制自身抖动。利用Simulink进行试验验证,结果表明,该方法增强了变桨系统的抗干扰能力,削弱了系统的抖动,提高了桨距角的跟踪精度和变桨系统的稳定性。

基于级联型扩张状态观测器的直流微电网低压负载接口变换器自抗扰稳压研究

直流微电网负载侧供压稳定是实现新能源电力高水平消纳的重要前提。为维持低压负载侧电压稳定,利用级联型扩张状态观测器提高扰动的估计重构精度与速度,将二阶自抗扰控制技术引入低压侧稳压控制。首先,在考虑扰动存在的低压接口变换器动态模型基础上实现对于稳压控制策略的系统设计。之后,在时域上分析级联型扩张状态观测器对于扰动重估精度的提升效果,利用线性等效框架在复频域上分析系统对于总扰动的抑制性能,以及系统模型不确定下对于动态性能的影响。此外,将Lyapunov理论运用于分析所提稳压控制策略的稳定性,表明该系统在工程上稳定。最后仿真实验验证了所提出稳压策略的正确性与有效性,且对于扰动具有较好的抑制性。

生态环境标准“入法”反思——基于71例生态环境损害判例的实证分析

在司法实践中,生态环境标准被纳入《中华人民共和国民法典》第一千二百三十四条、第一千二百三十五条之“国家规定”,用于生态环境损害案件的审理,国家和地方生态环境标准均有适用,主要包括污染物排放标准和生态环境质量标准。在违反生态环境标准的同时,需要造成生态环境损害,才会被认定为违反“国家规定”。生态环境标准对事实认定和法律适用产生多重影响,为深入理解这一现象,以卢曼的系统沟通理论为分析框架,基于71例生态环境损害判例,阐释由生态环境标准引起的各个系统间的互动过程,发挥法律系统相较于其他社会子系统“观察之观察”的优势。目前,生态环境标准“入法”存在生态环境标准适用的矛盾与空白导致生态环境损害赔偿不足或过度赔偿,欠缺环境公共利益与其他公共利益综合考量,过于依赖虚拟治理成本计算生态环境损害赔偿数额的问题。针对这些问题,提出以下建议:明确划定纳入“国家规定”之生态环境标准的边界及其划分标准,以确保标准的统一性和可操作性;通过完善程序和实体规则,在生态环境标准的司法适用中促进“事实”与价值的有机融合,平衡多种价值冲突;改进生态环境损害鉴定、评估及其司法适用的方法和流程,同时适时更新质量较高的生态环境标准及司法解释。

Observer-based robust high-order fully actuated attitude autopilot design for spinning glide-guided projectiles

This paper investigates the design of an attitude autopilot for a dual-channel controlled spinning glideguided projectile(SGGP),addressing model uncertainties and external disturbances.Based on fixed-time stable theory,a disturbance observer with integral sliding mode and adaptive techniques is proposed to mitigate total disturbance effects,irrespective of initial conditions.By introducing an error integral signal,the dynamics of the SGGP are transformed into two separate second-order fully actuated systems.Subsequently,employing the high-order fully actuated approach and a parametric approach,the nonlinear dynamics of the SGGP are recast into a constant linear closed-loop system,ensuring that the projectile's attitude asymptotically tracks the given goal with the desired eigenstructure.Under the proposed composite control framework,the ultimately uniformly bounded stability of the closed-loop system is rigorously demonstrated via the Lyapunov method.Validation of the effectiveness of the proposed attitude autopilot design is provided through extensive numerical simulations.

Quantum Realities and Observer-Dependent Universes: An Advanced Observer Model

This paper presents a novel observer model that integrates quantum mechanics, relativity, idealism, and the simulation hypothesis to explain the quantum nature of the universe. The model posits a central server transmitting multi-media frames to create observer-dependent realities. Key aspects include deriving frame rates, defining quantum reality, and establishing hierarchical observer structures. The model’s impact on quantum information theory and philosophical interpretations of reality are examined, with detailed discussions on information loss and recursive frame transmission in the appendices.