A Study of the Translation of English Legal Vocabulary under the Guidance of the Skopos Theory

With the rapid development of society,most of countries around the world are all attaching importance to the construction of the rule of law.Many countries are drawing lessons from each others’excellent legal achievements.Legal translation is an important branch of translation field and is playing an increasingly essential part in legal changes.With the deepening of China’s rule of law,China’s construction of legal system has stepped into a new phase.A large number of excellent Chinese legal documents are being translated into English,and many laws of Britain and America also have been translated into Chinese.The globalization of law has been an irreversible tendency.With the vigorous development of legal translation,how to correctly translate foreign legal achievements into Chinese has become a very arduous task for translators.The research field of legal translation includes the study of vocabulary,discourse,sentence and so on.The quality of translation of English legal vocabulary is key to deciding the quality of the whole translation of the legal text.Guided by the Skopos theory,which is a well-known theory put forward by German School of translation,the author makes a preliminary study on the translation of English legal vocabulary.By using and analyzing example sentences,the author makes summary about five characteristics of English legal vocabulary:common English vocabulary expressing legal meanings,use of ancient English vocabulary,parallel use of synonyms,use of modal verbs,use of professional terms and legal jargon.On the premise of conforming to the Skopos theory,four strategies of translating English legal vocabulary are summarized by the author according to these characteristics of English legal vocabulary,which are respectively fuzzy processing of English legal vocabulary,giving play to translators’subjectivity,possessing consciousness of legal texts,correct use of domestication and foreignization.The author stresses the important role of translators’subjectivity in the translation of English legal vocabulary,the correct use of domestication and foreignization and lastly links characteristics of English legal vocabulary,the Skopos theory and strategies of translation of English legal vocabulary effectively.The study has the certain innovation and reference significance in improving the quality of legal translation.

Discussion on the Logical Coordination between Legal Theory and Legal Practice——from the Perspective of the Legal Basis of NPC5s Discussion and Decisiomaking Power on Major Issues

The decision of local people's congresses to discuss major issues is a basic right granted to local people's congresses by the Chinese Constitution and laws.However,in practice,the implementation of the power of deliberation of major issues by local people's congresses is worrying.By applying the theory of Chinese traditionalism and unity in the theory of law,the theory of"sovereignty in the people"in the social contract theory of Western natural law school,Austin's"legal command theory55 in Western positivist law and Hart's"recognition""Rules theory"to argue that the integrity of rights necessarily involves the dual factors of decision-making and execution.At the same time,the existence and operation of the law always reflects the development of the political system.The realistic political situation requires us to make more precise and meticulous refinement of the external form and specific technical links of the legal system,and to coordinate the rules to make up the legal theory and Conflicts and conflicts in legal practice help to reform social institutions.

On the Theory of Communicative Action of Jurgen Habermas and the Reconstruction of the Legal Culture of China

Habermas is one of the Western scholars who make great contribution to the contem porary humanistic and social science. He puts forward the theory of communicative action,which,with language as the medium,aims at mutual understanding and reaching an agreement. The theory of communicative action of Haberm as has the model significance for the reconstruction of the legal culture of China. Through studying of such a theory,this paper attem pts to interpret the rationalistic philosophy of the Western legal democracy which is based on the theory of discussion,and according to the current situation of the legal culture of China,this paper puts forward that we should refer to the theory of communicative action of Haberm as in order to accelerate the socialist legislation and prom ote the im plementation of the socialist concept of ruling by law.

On the “Reasonable” Handling of Personal Information Disclosed According to the Law

The model for protection of personal information dis-closed according to the law has changed from indirect protection to direct protection.The indirect protection model for traditional repu-tation rights and privacy rights was not enough to meet the practical needs of governance.However;due to the ambiguity in the application of the“reasonable”processing requirements,the direct protection model centered on Article 27 of the Personal Information Protection Law also is not enough to effectively respond to practical disputes.The essence of the problem is to resolve the tension between informa-tion circulation and risk control and reshape the legal order for the protection of personal information disclosed according to the law.The determination of“reasonable”should be centered on the scenario theory and holism interpretation and carried out by using the interpre-tation technique of the dynamic system under Article 998 of the Civil Code.With the support of scenario-based discussions and comparative propositions,the crawling and tag extraction of personal information.disclosed according to the law should be considered as reasonable processing;profiling and automated decision-making should not be covered in the scope of reasonable processing,in principle;for behav-iors such as correlation analysis,elements like information subject,identifiability and sensitivity should be comprehensively considered to draw open and inclusive conclusions in individual cases.

The Bridge to a Western Confucianism:Between Legal Theory and Private Law

The aim of this essay is to analyse the future of Confucianism in Western societies or,at least,through the exegesis of Western scholars.To realize this overview definitely means to verify how Confucian thought crossed many contemporary and later theories,especially in juridical fields as the theory of private law and the public comparative law.That system of customary rules and pragmatic ethics did not fail to face the modernity by enlarging its views in the context of much more complex societies:So,a typical phenomenon of Eastern civilities,to the point that it is generally considered the most peculiar inheritance of both Chinese spirituality and administrative political science,became an interesting and suggestive test bench for different starting points.If it is correct to say that this is not a proper nowadays stance(remembering the praise of Leibniz and Voltaire,for instance),it is even more likely that Confucianism will catch the attention of a larger academic audience also in the nearest future and not only narrowing its rise to the enormous economic growth of the Chinese influence and ruling role in the world,directly getting a level of strength not far from the American governance.Unsurprisingly,the first defined approaches to a Western Confucianism,mixing elements from its absolutely unique written or traditional sources and aspects taken from the comparison with other cultures,are still coming from United States’universities,in the scientific field of sinology and,step by step,comparative law’s scholars and legal theorists.This fascinating development that opens up Confucian ethics to a bigger spectre of teachings and belongings is happening while Confucian rituals,temples,and precepts are reaching in modern days China an always more cohesive and aggregating religious phenomenology.The West looks for ideas,while the East is trying to find stability around a metaphysical substructure of common values to prevent conflicts and to keep societies safe.

An Analysis on How Feminist Legal Theory Affects US

The differences between men and women are transformed into inequalities by society.However,legal rules are silent on the issue,which strengthens the prejudice and injustice.Responding the unfair oppression,feminism was associated with law,which gives great shape and direction to the legal community and women's life.This article first presents the general objective of feminist legal theory,its four schools and their specific aims.Then the methods,which feminist legal scholars adopt to develop the theory and enrich law,are summarized.Thirdly,it discusses the impacts of the theory upon the legal system and the lives of real women,and how the theory exercises the effects from three respects.

A Programmatic Document for Strengthening Legal Education and Legal Theory Research in the New Era: Interpretation of the Opinions on Strengthening Legal Education and Legal Theory Research in the New Era

The release of the Opinions on Strengthening Legal Education and Legal Theory Research in the New Era (hereinafter referred to as the “Opinions” ) is a milestone in the history of legal education since the founding of the People’ s Republic of China in 1949. Standing at a new historical starting point for exercising law-based governance on all fronts and advancing the rule of law in China, this document outlines new development goals for legal education and legal theory research in the new era from both short-term and long-term perspectives. It adheres to the guidance of XI Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and puts forward the principles of upholding and strengthening the overall leadership under the Communist Party of China, adhering to the scientific guidance of XI Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, accomplishing the core task of economic development and serving the overall interests of the country, fostering virtue through education and cultivating talent with both moral quality and legal literacy, following the objective law, and integrating the underlying tenets of Marxism with China’ s realities and the fine traditional Chinese culture, thus establishing the principles for the new development of legal education and legal theory research in the new era. It proposes to strengthen top-level design and strategic arrangements, promote the reform and improvement of the law school system, accelerate the improvement of the legal education system, and innovatively develop the legal theory research system. Therefore, a new development landscape for legal education and legal theory research in the new era has been established. The Opinions clearly stipulates the leadership system, management system, and coordination mechanism for legal education and legal theory research, and creates a new development system for legal education and legal theory research in the new era.

The General Theory of Law and Its Development in China

Study of the general theory of law,as an independent branch of legal research,originated in Germany in the mid to late 19th century,and thereafter became a widely propagated and well-developed subject in countries such as the UK and the US.Scholars from the Soviet Union combined the general theory of law with Marxist philosophy and adapted it from an analytical legal theory to a social legal theory.The inheritance and development of the general theory of law in China went through three stages.Specifically,from the 1950s to the early 1960s,the jurisprudence community fully adopted the legal theories promoted by the Soviet Union;from the early 1980s to the late 1990s,the studies reflected upon past theories and sought advancement;and from the late 1990s to present,research has adopted a more open and innovative approach.In addition,the philosophy of law and other interdisciplinary subjects have gradually become dominant research paradigms.A review and compilation based on the evolution of theories of legal relations showed that the study of the general theory of law in China is closely associated to the historical rate of progress of the practice of rule of law and jurisprudence in China.The overall framework of the research is deeply influenced by the model of“theories of the Soviet+civil-law prototypes”.In addition,the research methods have evolved from investigations utilizing a single approach to processes combining various approaches.The general theory of law is far from a“relic of history,”and corresponding in-depth research is recommended for future jurisprudence study in China.

大模型时代我国人工智能法学理论体系的构建

在大模型时代,人工智能法学及其理论体系迅速发展,逐渐形成独特的学科分支。新兴的人工智能法学不仅重构了传统的法学研究对象,也带来了创新的研究方法,同时提出了与众不同的正义观念。这些理论的形成和发展,与大型人工智能模型(如ChatGPT)的出现密不可分,后者在推动理论更新、促进法治实践全面提升方面发挥了巨大作用。中国在建设自身的人工智能法学理论体系过程中,得益于已有的法学理论基础和人工智能产业的蓬勃发展,然而,研究水平的不均和学科间壁垒的存在,成为建设中的难题。未来的工作需要将基本概念、框架建设以及多维、动态、可进化的理论体系的构建作为重点。技术的进步将不断推动法学理论的演变。从弱人工智能到强人工智能的转变为法学理论的发展带来了挑战和机遇。在这个过程中,确保人类价值观、权利和安全是至关重要的。构建人工智能法学理论体系,需要避免技术的潜在恶意应用,同时引导它向善。这不仅是一个学术上的努力,更是社会对于法律新概念和实践的重塑。这一工作涉及多学科合作,需要全球共识的形成和实践的更新,对法治的未来和法律体系的完善将产生长远的影响。

司法裁判如何实现社会治理

司法裁判的微观修复功能源自司法权的本质,宏观社会功能来自案件传播中的观念磨合与共识形成,司法裁判与社会治理在法理上是相融共通的,也会推进公平正义、稳定秩序、公共理性与个体尊严等社会治理价值目标的实现。司法裁判参与社会治理的方式包括:推动公共政策的形成;规范行政权力的运行;促进法律适用的统一;形塑公众观念和行为。司法裁判发挥社会治理作用需要一定的条件,亦存在被滥用的风险,为了防范这些问题,需要坚持司法的职能定位和基本逻辑,强化裁判文书的释法说理能力,注重司法与民意之间的良性互动,拓展和优化司法裁判的共知共享途径。

马克思主义法学理论中国化的现时代向度

新时代全面依法治国思想的理论基础和溯源正是马克思主义法学理论,而同时全面依法治国在战略布局、全面推进、系统执行上又丰富和创新了马克思主义法学理论,推动其不断地时代化、中国化。文章正是在马克思主义中国化与全面依法治国的宏大背景下,结合当代中国法学理论现状和新时代全面依法治国的形势要求,以“现时代向度”视角切入,系统探讨新时代新征程马克思主义法学理论中国化的时代化创新。

元宇宙空间刑法规制的教义学立场

元宇宙是当今人工智能、大数据、5G、区块链以及扩展现实等一系列技术发展集合的结果,本质上是互联网的升级版,其具有拟真性和虚实相融的特点,但是仍然依附于现实世界。元宇宙空间中隐藏着诸如侵犯人身权利、侵犯财产权利、妨害社会管理秩序以及破坏经济秩序等刑事风险。刑法在规制上述风险时,尚没有增设新罪的必要,通过刑法解释可以实现规制的效果。刑法通过解释介入元宇宙空间领域,需以利益衡量原则为指导,坚持刑法最后介入和技术规制技术优先规则,防止前沿技术的发展受到刑法的不当干预。同时,元宇宙空间中不法的认定应以法益现实被侵害为基础,依循各个罪名的规范保护目的,对相应的行为进行客观解释。

促进中国式现代化的发展法学理论创新

旨在解决发展问题、促进全面发展的发展法学学科,与中国式现代化发展战略存在高度耦合,提供了研究中国式现代化的新视角。中国式现代化的新发展战略与发展法学的理论创新存在双向互动关系:一方面,中国式现代化的新发展战略,构造了发展法学的新背景,要求从系统主义维度进一步创新发展法学理论;另一方面,系统主义发展法学理论在方法论、制度体系、理论体系三个维度的递进式创新,有助于促进与保障中国式现代化的实现。具体而言,在方法论创新方面,发展法学作为一门系统科学,应融入系统论方法以及结构—功能分析方法,进行以中国发展问题为中心的新综合研究,指导制度体系和理论体系的创新;在制度体系创新方面,系统发展法学理论应从促进全面发展出发,通过合理配置发展权利、义务与责任,创新促进中国式现代化的包容型制度体系;在理论体系创新方面,系统发展法学理论应从发生论、本体论、价值论、规范论、运行论、范畴论方面进一步创新,在发展研究领域建构中国自主的法学知识体系,为世界法学理论之进步与世界共同发展之实践,贡献中国方案。

AI换脸技术的失控风险与法律规制

AI换脸技术在社交媒体上愈益广泛使用,很多网络用户将其作为娱乐新方式,从而有可能引发一系列失控风险。相比于欧盟、美国等侧重从隐私权保护的角度予以规制,我国法律认为,根据违法行为所侵犯的客体不同,AI换脸视频可能侵犯他人的肖像权、个人信息以及知识产权等民事权利,滥用AI换脸实施诈骗、盗窃、制造淫秽物品等,则可能违反刑法。根据中国互联网实际,区分AI换脸视频的不同应用场景,分析其可能涉及的法律风险,为AI换脸技术的合理发展提供合规建议。

商业秘密侵权案件“接触加相同”举证规则之反思

“接触加相同”举证规则是基于商业秘密侵权行为的特殊性而对原、被告举证证明义务的一种新探索,目的在于减轻商业秘密权利人的举证负担。当前,该规则虽已为我国《反不正当竞争法》第32条所明确规定,但在适用过程中仍面临本质定位不清、判断标准不明、内部逻辑混乱及过分加重涉嫌侵权人举证负担等问题。为此,要正确适用“接触加相同”举证规则,应厘清其本质定位、明确其判断标准、理顺其内部关系,科学利用司法技术对“接触加相同”举证规则进行修正,以实现对原、被告双方程序利益与实体利益的平等保护。

公共图书馆赋能数字乡村建设:要素、路径及策略

在乡村振兴战略的实施以及数字乡村的建设中,公共图书馆应充分发挥功能,赋能数字乡村建设。分析相关法规与政策文本,能够挖掘和阐发公共图书馆赋能数字乡村建设的关键要素和作用路径,并为其助推数字乡村可持续发展提供对策建议。本文通过文献调查法、网络调查法采集数字乡村和乡村振兴战略相关的政策法规,并应用扎根理论研究方法对相关文本内容进行质性分析。研究表明,公共图书馆可以通过“数字传播”“数智教育”“数实融合”“数源供给”“数字科普”“数字治理”等途径,实现数字乡村文化、教育、服务、人才、健康、城乡融合赋能,从而推动数字乡村建设,助力乡村振兴。图2。表4。参考文献48。