Multi-scale pore fractal characteristics of differently ranked coal and its impact on gas adsorption

Well-developed pores and cracks in coal reservoirs are the main venues for gas storage and migration.To investigate the multi-scale pore fractal characteristics,six coal samples of different rankings were studied using high-pressure mercury injection(HPMI),low-pressure nitrogen adsorption(LPGA-N2),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)test methods.Based on the Frankel,Halsey and Hill(FHH)fractal theory,the Menger sponge model,Pores and Cracks Analysis System(PCAS),pore volume complexity(D_(v)),coal surface irregularity(Ds)and pore distribution heterogeneity(D_(p))were studied and evaluated,respectively.The effect of three fractal dimensions on the gas adsorption ability was also analyzed with high-pressure isothermal gas adsorption experiments.Results show that pore structures within these coal samples have obvious fractal characteristics.A noticeable segmentation effect appears in the Dv1and Dv2fitting process,with the boundary size ranging from 36.00 to 182.95 nm,which helps differentiate diffusion pores and seepage fractures.The D values show an asymmetric U-shaped trend as the coal metamorphism increases,demonstrating that coalification greatly affects the pore fractal dimensions.The three fractal dimensions can characterize the difference in coal microstructure and reflect their influence on gas adsorption ability.Langmuir volume(V_(L))has an evident and positive correlation with Dsvalues,whereas Langmuir pressure(P_(L))is mainly affected by the combined action of Dvand Dp.This study will provide valuable knowledge for the appraisal of coal seam gas reservoirs of differently ranked coals.

SHARP MORREY REGULARITY THEORY FOR A FOURTH ORDER GEOMETRICAL EQUATION

This paper is a continuation of recent work by Guo-Xiang-Zheng[10].We deduce the sharp Morrey regularity theory for weak solutions to the fourth order nonhomogeneous Lamm-Rivière equation △^{2}u=△(V▽u)+div(w▽u)+(▽ω+F)·▽u+f in B^(4),under the smallest regularity assumptions of V,ω,ω,F,where f belongs to some Morrey spaces.This work was motivated by many geometrical problems such as the flow of biharmonic mappings.Our results deepens the Lp type regularity theory of[10],and generalizes the work of Du,Kang and Wang[4]on a second order problem to our fourth order problems.

Comparison of Block Design Nonparametric Subset Selection Rules Based on Alternative Scoring Rules

This article compares the size of selected subsets using nonparametric subset selection rules with two different scoring rules for the observations. The scoring rules are based on the expected values of order statistics of the uniform distribution (yielding rank values) and of the normal distribution (yielding normal score values). The comparison is made using state motor vehicle traffic fatality rates, published in a 2016 article, with fifty-one states (including DC as a state) and over a nineteen-year period (1994 through 2012). The earlier study considered four block design selection rules—two for choosing a subset to contain the “best” population (i.e., state with lowest mean fatality rate) and two for the “worst” population (i.e., highest mean rate) with a probability of correct selection chosen to be 0.90. Two selection rules based on normal scores resulted in selected subset sizes substantially smaller than corresponding rules based on ranks (7 vs. 16 and 3 vs. 12). For two other selection rules, the subsets chosen were very close in size (within one). A comparison is also made using state homicide rates, published in a 2022 article, with fifty states and covering eight years. The results are qualitatively the same as those obtained with the motor vehicle traffic fatality rates.

Thermoelastic Analysis of Non-uniform Pressurized Functionally Graded Cylinder with Variable Thickness Using First Order Shear Deformation Theory(FSDT) and Perturbation Method

Recently application of functionally graded materials（FGMs） have attracted a great deal of interest. These materials are composed of various materials with different micro-structures which can vary spatially in FGMs. Such composites with varying thickness and non-uniform pressure can be used in the aerospace engineering. Therefore, analysis of such composite is of high importance in engineering problems. Thermoelastic analysis of functionally graded cylinder with variable thickness under non-uniform pressure is considered. First order shear deformation theory and total potential energy approach is applied to obtain the governing equations of non-homogeneous cylinder. Considering the inner and outer solutions, perturbation series are applied to solve the governing equations. Outer solution for out of boundaries and more sensitive variable in inner solution at the boundaries are considered. Combining of inner and outer solution for near and far points from boundaries leads to high accurate displacement field distribution. The main aim of this paper is to show the capability of matched asymptotic solution for different non-homogeneous cylinders with different shapes and different non-uniform pressures. The results can be used to design the optimum thickness of the cylinder and also some properties such as high temperature residence by applying non-homogeneous material.

A two variable refined plate theory for the bending analysis of functionally graded plates

Bending analysis of functionally graded plates using the two variable refined plate theory is presented in this paper.The number of unknown functions involved is reduced to merely four,as against five in other shear deformation theories. The variationally consistent theory presented here has, in many respects,strong similarity to the classical plate theory. It does not require shear correction factors,and gives rise to such transverse shear stress variation that the transverse shear stresses vary parabolically across the thickness and satisfy shear stress free surface conditions.Material properties of the plate are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction with their distributions following a simple power-law in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents.Governing equations are derived from the principle of virtual displacements, and a closed-form solution is found for a simply supported rectangular plate subjected to sinusoidal loading by using the Navier method.Numerical results obtained by the present theory are compared with available solutions,from which it can be concluded that the proposed theory is accurate and simple in analyzing the static bending behavior of functionally graded plates.

A new higher-order shear deformation theory and refined beam element of composite laminates

A new higher-order shear deformation theory based on global-local superposition technique is developed. The theory satisfies the free surface conditions and the geometric and stress continuity conditions at interfaces. The global displacement components are of the Reddy theory and local components are of the internal first to third-order terms in each layer. A two-node beam element based on this theory is proposed. The solutions are compared with 3D-elasticity solutions. Numerical results show that present beam element has higher computational efficiency and higher accuracy.

THEORY OF INTRAMOLECULAR ORIENTATIONAL ORDER OF MESOGENIC UNITS IN MC-LCPS AND ITS APPLICATION

New concepts such as intramolecular orientational order parameter and corresponding model as well as theory were proposed to describe the intramolecular orientation of mesogenic units in the liquid crystalline polymer chains. The relationship between the intramolecular orientational order parameter and the molecular geometrical parameters such as the bond angle, the bond rotational angle and the rotational potential energy of chemical bonds was deduced. A significant even-odd oscillation of the intramolecular orientational order parameter of LCPs with different length of flexible spacer was found and rationally related to even-odd zig-zag manner of transition properties The verification and application of the theory are also discussed. The isotropic transition temperature predicted by the theory is shown to be in favourable agreement with the experiments.

SYMMETRY IN FIELD THEORY FOR SINGULAR LAGRANGIAN WITH DERIVATIVES OF HIGHER ORDER

We have derived the first Noether theorem and Noether identities in canonical formalism for field theory with higher-order singular Lagrangian,which is a powerful tool toanalyse Dirac constraint for such system. A gauge-variant system in canonical variables formalism must has Dirac constraint.For a system with first class constraint (FCC), we have developed an algorithm for construction of the gauge generator of such system. An application to the Podolsky generalized electromagnetic field was given.

Discussion on the Logical Coordination between Legal Theory and Legal Practice——from the Perspective of the Legal Basis of NPC5s Discussion and Decisiomaking Power on Major Issues

The decision of local people's congresses to discuss major issues is a basic right granted to local people's congresses by the Chinese Constitution and laws.However,in practice,the implementation of the power of deliberation of major issues by local people's congresses is worrying.By applying the theory of Chinese traditionalism and unity in the theory of law,the theory of"sovereignty in the people"in the social contract theory of Western natural law school,Austin's"legal command theory55 in Western positivist law and Hart's"recognition""Rules theory"to argue that the integrity of rights necessarily involves the dual factors of decision-making and execution.At the same time,the existence and operation of the law always reflects the development of the political system.The realistic political situation requires us to make more precise and meticulous refinement of the external form and specific technical links of the legal system,and to coordinate the rules to make up the legal theory and Conflicts and conflicts in legal practice help to reform social institutions.

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE THEORY OF THE SECOND AND THIRD ORDER DERIVATIVE ADSORPTION CHRONOPOTENTIOMETRY FOR A REVERSIBLE REACTION

The equations of the second and third order derivative curves of time with respect to potential for a reversible process in adsorption chronopotentiometry are derived and experimentally verified.

On the Women Image in The Woman Warrior — Based on the Theory of Lacan's Symbolic Order

According to the theory of Lacan's symbolic order, gender identity is determined by the culture that people live in.The culture is the chief determinant of women's gender and their destiny. The Woman Warrior is the autobiographical novel of Maxine Hong Kingston, in which there are different women images who live in different cultures. The this paper focuses on analyzing the tragic fate of"no name woman"who lives in traditional Chinese patriarchy culture and the hard experience of"I"who struggles between Chinese patriarchy culture and American feminism culture.

Nonlinear Time-Domain Theory for the Simulation of Moored Floating Body Motion

Nonlinear wave loads can induce low-frequency and high-frequency resonance motions of a moored platform in deep water. For the analysis of the nonlinear response of an offshore platform under the action of irregular waves, the most widely used method in practice is the Cummins method, in which the second-order exciting forces in the time domain are computed by a two-term Volterra series model based on incident waves, first-order body motion response, and quadratic transfer functions(QTFs). QTFs are bichromatic waves acting on a body and are computed in the frequency domain in advance. For moving bodies, QTFs are related to the first-order body response, which is to be determined in the simulation process of body motion response but is unknown in the computation procedure of QTFs. In solving this problem, Teng and Cong(2017) proposed a method to divide the QTFs into different components,which are unrelated to the body response. With the application of the new QTF components, a modified Cummins method can be developed for the simulation of the nonlinear response of a moored floating platform. This paper presents a review of the theory.

A Self-Stabilized Field Theory of Neutrinos

In “A Self-linking Field Formalism” I establish a self-dual field structure with higher order self-induced symmetries that reinforce the first-order dynamics. The structure was derived from Gauss-linking integrals in R3 based on the Biot-Savart law and Ampere’s law applied to Heaviside’s equations, derived in strength-independent fashion in “Primordial Principle of Self-Interaction”. The derivation involves Geometric Calculus, topology, and field equations. My goal in this paper is to derive the simplest solution of a self-stabilized solitonic structure and discuss this model of a neutrino.

An Overall Urban System: Integrating Central Place Theory and Urban Network Idea in the Greater Pearl River Delta of China

Following a half century of popularity, central place theory experienced 20 years of neglect when the new urban system theory of network modeling gained attention at the beginning of the 1990s. However, central place theory remains valid, and it seems there has been a reemergence with it. Using the Greater Pearl River Delta (Greater PRD) as an experimental study region, this paper intends to present an empirical study that validates central place theory and shows that it can be integrated into an overall regional urban system. The study uses the compound Central Place Importance (CPI) to evaluate whether there is a hierarchy among the urban centers within the study area. The results indicate the existence of a hierarchy. Furthermore, empirical observation finds distinct complementarity relationships, rank-size distributions, and co-operative actions between the different cities, thus substantiating the claim that central place theory can be incorporated into an overall regional urban system. Besides, the presence of the densely distributed modern infrastructure system also appears to constitute a dimension of the overall urban system. There need further theoretical and empirical studies in order to support this proposition.

AN ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF RECTANGULAR LAMINATEDPLATES BY HIGHER-ORDER THEORY

On the basis of the Reddy's higher-order theory of composites, this paper introduces a displacement function Phi into it and transforms its three differential equations for symmetric cross-ply composites into only one eight-order differential equation generated by the displacement-function. When a proper Phi is chosen, both solutions are obtained, namely, the Navier-type solution of simply supported rectangular laminated plates and the Levy-type solution with the boundary condition where two opposite edges are simply supported and remains are arbitrary. The numerical examples show that the present results coincide well with the existing results in the references, thus validating that the present solving method is reliable. The higher-order theory of Reddy is simpler in calculation but has higher precision than the first-order shear deformation theory because the former has fewer unknows than the latter and requires no shear coefficients.

The effect of fractional thermoelasticity on a two-dimensional problem of a mode I crack in a rotating fiber-reinforced thermoelastic medium

This article is concerned with the effect of rotation on the general model of the equations of the generalized thermoe- lasticity for a homogeneous isotropic elastic half-space solid, whose surface is subjected to a Mode-I crack problem. The fractional order theory of thermoelasticity is used to obtain the analytical solutions for displacement components, force stresses, and temperature. The boundary of the crack is subjected to a prescribed stress distribution and temperature. The normal mode analysis technique is used to solve the resulting non-dimensional coupled governing equations of the problem. The variations of the considered variables with the horizontal distance are illustrated graphically. Some particular cases are also discussed in the context of the problem. Effects of the fractional parameter, reinforcement, and rotation on the varia- tions of different field quantities inside the elastic medium are analyzed graphically. Comparisons are made between the results in the presence and those in the absence of fiber-reinforcing, rotating and fractional parameters.

On the Location of Zeros of Higher Order Differential Equation

In this paper, by using the Nevanlinna Theory on angular domain, we establish a theorem which concerns the growth of entire function and his zero. As an application, we survey the location of zero of higher order differential equation, which can be regarded as an alternating but precise version of Wu and Yi.

A New Approach for the Exact Solutions of Nonlinear Equations of Fractional Order via Modified Simple Equation Method

In this article, the modified simple equation method has been extended to celebrate the exact solutions of nonlinear partial time-space differential equations of fractional order. Firstly, the fractional complex transformation has been implemented to convert nonlinear partial fractional differential equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Afterwards, modified simple equation method has been implemented, to find the exact solutions of these equations, in the sense of modified Riemann-Liouville derivative. For applications, the exact solutions of time-space fractional derivative Burgers’ equation and time-space fractional derivative foam drainage equation have been discussed. Moreover, it can also be concluded that the proposed method is easy, direct and concise as compared to other existing methods.

Optimizing Rank of Landscape Planning Works of Urban Wetland Park

Classifying and ranking the huge amounts of landscape planning works of urban wetland park is always difficult due to the multi-functions （ecological, leisure, educational and disaster prevention） of the urban wetland park. Therefore, an optimizing rank system is urgently needed. Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution （TOPSIS） models were used to rank the planning works of 30 urban wetland park based on four mainly factors, which included landscape ecological planning, landscape planning, ecological planning and economic planning. The study indicated that the AHP- TOPSIS model had good discrimination in the classification and ranking of landscape planning works of urban wetland park and it was also applicable to the planning works of other urban greenbelts.

Estimation of Sensitivity of the DS/AHP Method While Solving Foresight Problems with Incomplete Data

The paper provides mathematical analysis of sensitivity of different combination rules in the DS/AHP method when an alternative is added to the set of decision alternatives while solving foresight problems. Different cases of rank reversals are defined and two sets of conditions for these cases using the method DS/AHP are considered. Rank reversals are illustrated when the DS/AHP method is used to solve practical problem of critical technologies of energy conservation and power efficiency evaluation in Ukraine. It is shown that the DS/AHP method is not sensitive to exclusion (or addition) of an irrelevant decision alternative from (or to) the set of decision alternatives.