Overview of the Impact of the Introduction of the Copyright Act 2020 on Digital Publishing

In November 2020,the third amendment of the Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China was completed and officially implemented in June 2021,which is undoubtedly of great significance to Chinese citizens with a growing awareness of copyright.This has also triggered our thinking about the impact of Copyright Law on digital copyright.Through the analysis of the cases after the amendment of the Copyright Law,we find that to a certain extent,the Copyright Law has played a great role in the protection of digital copyright,but it is still unable to achieve comprehensive protection,and there are still some imperfections.From this point of view,the simple legal protection of digital copyright cannot be taken into account.It still needs to be combined with technical protection means,cooperate with social conditions,and work together to create a harmonious and healthy online publishing environment and promote the protection of digital copyright.

Analysis of the Game for the Air Pollution in the Perspective of the Amendment about Environmental Law

The haze has become the necessary thing to talk about everywhere for the Chinese people nowadays and the main report object in the news. It becomes increasingly urgent to develop the circular economy and build a beautiful China. But there exists secretly a game between the central and local governments when the air protection is enforced. The central government calls for implementing the total control system of the key pollutant emission,but the local governments are blandly ignoring the central government＇s requirement as they have to face the pressures of the assessment and performance. And the games among the local governments at the same level and between the governments and enterprises lead that the existing incentive policy through the legislation is inefficiency in China. The amendment about Environmental Law has laid foundation of the legal system for it.

Improvement of Legislation System of Protecting Women’s Rights and Interests in China——Taking the Amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests as an Opportunity

The Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests has been amended twice since it was promulgated 1992,and it has formed a relatively complete legislation system together with relevant laws and regulations,accumulating experience of judicial application in practice.In the current proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests,the main issues that should be considered are:First,the legislative purpose of this law should be reviewed to clarify the three legislative positions of the Law on Women’s Rights and interests,in terms of protection,practice and foundation.Second,it is necessary to grasp whether the text content is appropriate and rectify any defects in the existing text.Third,it should explore how to reform and implement specific systems from the micro perspective to improve the specific systems of women’s personal,property,and social rights and interests.Fourth,it should strengthen the systematic interaction with other norms at different levels and implement the principle of gender equality stipulated in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China.Fifth,attention should be paid to the necessity of invoking the Law in judicial practice,the possibility of operation and the effectiveness of enforcement.The proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests should also sum up the experience of local legislation and judicial decisions and improve the quality of judicial application of the law so that is truly responds to the practical needs and challenges of the protection of women’s rights and interests and the implementation of gender equality in the new era.

On the Constitutional Review of Correction Activity of Chinese Criminal Law

Chinese criminal law has been amended ten times, which includes a single line criminal law and nine amendments. By taking into account the provisions of the constitution, democracy, the essence of the rule of law and safeguarding the human rights, Chinese criminal law amendment activities have different degrees of violation of the constitution. Criminal law as a restriction of civil rights of the harsh laws, its final decision of correction should be held by the National People＇s Congress. At the same time, the time interval of the amendment of the criminal law is controlled within a reasonable range, unreasonable charges and actions whose main purpose is to explain that the criminal law are constantly decreased, and the criminal law that protects the rights to security is gradually created.

Commentary on the Newly Implemented Amendment Ⅷ to the Criminal Law Concerning Children’s Rights in China

Amendment VIII to the Criminal Law of the PRC, which went into effect on hMay 1, 2011, is not only in line with the basic spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and relevant international human rights treaties, but also is related to the priority area of the Program for The Development of Chinese Children （2011- 2020）. Thus, it helps to safeguard the rights of juveniles and strengthens criminal law protection of their rights and interests. In consideration of the weak position of juveniles and the criminal law means of protecting their rights and interests,

A Clash of Culture： An Investigation into Evolution in the Chinese Music Industry

This study investigates the current enviromnent of the Chinese record industry, and focuses on particular problems with business in China. Specifically, I will look at the reasons that led to the Chinese record industry＇ s gradual depression in the past thirty years. Additionally, I will show the important reasons why piracy is on a rampage in China, and explain why China has not been able to solve this problem. To do this, I will examine the data of CD sales and revenue of Chinese Records Company in recent years, to see what has changed.

From Power to Rights: Interpreting Inscribing “To Respect and Protect Human Rights” in the Amended Criminal Procedure Law

Human rights are one of the widely acknowledged value systems in the international ,community. The core of human rights lies in the life and dignity of human beings. On the one hand, criminal procedure law is related to life and freedom, which is the concern of everybody. On the other hand, it involves direct dialogue between national power and citizens＇ fights.

Several Controversial Issues on Judicial Review of Foreign-Related Arbitration in China: From the Perspective of the Amendment to the Arbitration Law

With the continuous development of China's market economic system,the arbitration judicial review system based on the Arbitration Law promulgated in 1994,including the dual-track review of foreign-related and domestic cases,and the dual-supervision on procedural and substantive matters,has shown some issues that need to be studied and solved in practice.On July 30,2021,the Ministry of Justice officially announced the Arbitration Law of the People's Republic of China(Amendment)(Draft for Comment),which unified the provisions on setting aside domestic and foreign-related arbitrament,and partially revised the scope of judicial review.However,heated debate arose and many problems remained unsolved such as the setting of the scope of supervision on foreign-related arbitration cases,how to grasp the principles of procedural review,and how to place the substantive supervision after the dual-track systems were changed into unified ones.Based on the Draft for Comments,this paper analyzes several prominent issues at present,and puts forward suggestions such as expanding the criteria for identifying foreign-related factors,converging to the original supervision scope of foreign-related arbitration,adhering to the principle of procedural review,and permitting the parties concerned to agree on the scope of supervision to maximize respect for the autonomy of the will of parties,so as to build a judicial supervision mechanism for commercial arbitration betterfitting into the era.

论版权保护与言论自由的平衡与冲突——从Eldred v. Ashcroft案看美国版权扩张法案(CTEA)对宪法第一修正案的冲击

版权法的立法目的是促进科学和文化的进步,这最终有利于言论自由权利的行使,而在版权保护过程中则对言论自由产生了一定的限制。由于版权是一种法定权利,它对于作为自然权利的言论自由的限制,必须能够促进更加重要的公众利益才具有正当性。1998年CTEA延长20年版权保护期限的立法,不但不能够促进更加重要的公众利益,反而增加了公众的负担,损害公众言论自由的权利,因此,它违背了宪法中知识产权条款的立法原则,也侵害了宪法第一修正案保护言论自由的精神。

著作权法对香水气味的保护——荷兰最高法院对法国Lancme香水诉荷兰Kecofa香水侵犯著作权案判决评析

荷兰Kecofa仿制了法国Lancme香水的气味,Lancme在进行商标诉讼未获成功的情况下,提起侵犯著作权的诉讼。荷兰最高法院的判决认定香水的气味可以被认定为著作权法上的"作品",对香水气味的模仿构成对著作权的侵犯。荷兰最高法院的判决开创了用著作权法保护气味的先河,给香水厂家保护自己的权利带来新的途经,但是也给传统的著作权领域带来新的挑战。

Intangible Property: Protection of Virtual Property in Electronic Games in China and US

With blossoming of the electronic games,the strategy of game developer preference is that the player uses real money to buy the virtual property in the game.The purpose for the strategy which keeping the game promote and developing the game system on the platform to attract more users.With the increasing amount of game,the main strategy is same.The chain,the End User License Agreement(EULA)which between the game developer and player is vital.EULA used to rule that the virtual property is belong to the game developer.However,for now,the virtual property has different acquisition way,“all virtual property belongs to the developer”since already unfair.Staring from the first virtual property lawsuit in China,this paper introduces the virtual property of electronic game and legal protection in US and China.Second,discussion the reasons to protection virtual property and provide proposals for a potential legislative solution in China.At the end,this paper presents the reason that copyright law not suitable to protect the virtual property.

Jurisprudential Foundation of the Alogithmic Enforcement and Regulation of Law in an Intelligent Society:Taking the Automated Copyright Infringement Monitoring of the Online Content Sharing Platform as an Example

cyber-space has become increasingly important for human activities,and intelligent algorithms are widely used in cyber-space,we are rapidly entering an intelligent society.Now,algorithmic enforcement and regulations of law have posed non-negligible issues.As algorithmic enforcement of copyright law was introduced earlier than that of other laws,it provides a helpful observation perspective.The worldwide practice of copyright enforcement has gradually departed from traditional"safe harbor provisions,"and has emphasized prior examination of shared contents uploaded by Internet service providers'(ISPs)users through the following three dimensions:automated infringement detection algorithms voluntarily used by the ISPs,heavier judicial liability of ISPs,and updated legislation principles.Thus,innovations and development have stimulated new mechanisms and regulations for enforcing copyright in cyberspace.Algorithmic enforcement of copyright law in an intelligent society is essential and meaningful.The copyright regulation mechanisms should be guided by jurisprudential principles and concepts featuring the principles of(a)legitimate and efficient flow of information,(b)balance between and among algorithmic power,public power and private rights,(c)boosting the sharing economy and the new gig economy,and(d)promoting social governance philosophy of"coconstruction,co-governance and sharing."These principles are meaningful for creation of a new mechanism for balancing interests between ISPs and their users,and for introducing the pluralistic co-governance mechanism beyond simply practicing"filtering obligations."In addition,these principles are significant for improving a certification with credibility of copyright status and ownership,and for advancing a mechanism for onlinecollegiate-panel dispute resolution.

第四次《刑事诉讼法》修改的法治现代化期待

《刑事诉讼法》第四次修改已经纳入立法规划,本次修法的指导思想是吸收司法解释和解释性文件的合理规定,巩固司法改革成果,回应司法实践需要,遵循联合国刑事司法准则和国际通行的标准,反映社会发展的现实需要。此次改革不应采取“修正案”模式,而是采用法典化模式。该次修改应从体例结构到原则、制度和程序进行全面修改。在基本原则中当务之急是增加“无罪推定”和“直接言词”等原则。此次修法应当大幅度增加相关条文,至少增加至500条以上,一审程序应当增加至70条以上。修改应具有前瞻性,能保证适用30年以上。修改内容除了一审程序外,此次修法重点是辩护制度和证据制度。“特别程序”中应增设“涉案企业合规改革诉讼程序”“涉外犯罪案件诉讼程序”和“涉老案件诉讼程序”。

人工智能生成内容的著作权法之辩

根据输入指令与输出内容的比例关系,可将人工智能生成内容依次分为孪生内容、伴生内容和原生内容。人工智能生成内容主要涉及三个著作权法问题。一是机器阅读的法律性质问题,法定许可说能更好地兼顾著作权专有属性与公有属性,实现权利行使与限制的动态平衡。二是生成内容的可著作权性问题,需要结合内容类型并考虑输入指令的潜在影响。同比例复制的孪生内容不属于作品,差异化表达的伴生内容属于演绎作品,创造性表现的原生内容属于原创作品。三是生成内容的著作权归属问题,除另有协议外,需要结合内容类型并考虑所有者、使用者的贡献程度。孪生内容因不属于作品,无人享有著作权;所有者、使用者对伴生内容的形成均有重大贡献,基于概括合作行为与意识,所有者、使用者共同享有著作权;只有所有者对原生内容的形成具有重大贡献,所有者单独享有著作权。

智能时代《著作权法》规定诚信原则之必要与展开--由ChatGPT引发的思考

ChatGPT应用于创作领域所产生的各种欺诈现象和伦理风险引发了在理论上思考《著作权法》规定诚信原则的必要性。在作品创作领域,诚信原则可以实现对人工智能所使用版权数据的合理保护,并且保障人工智能所生成内容的信息真实性、伦理正当性和机器创作事实的公开性。在版权交易领域,诚信原则可以从交易客体、内容、结果和环境等方面保障交易安全,并且维护版权人、消费者和产业链各环节主体在交易中的公平利益。在版权行使领域,诚信原则可以帮助确定版权保护的合理范围,并有效规制版权欺诈和版权滥用行为。因此,我们应当像《商标法》和《专利法》那样在《著作权法》中明确规定,著作权的取得和行使应当遵循诚实信用原则。

The Ministry Of Natural Resources Solicits Public Opinions Regarding The Mineral Resources Law Of The People’s Republic Of China(Amendment Draft)

On December 17,2019,the Ministry of Natural Resources began to solicit public opinions regarding the Mineral Resources Law of the People’s Republic of China(Amendment Draft).According to the Draft,the mining right competitive transfer system will be comprehensively rolled out.

著作权视域下深度合成算法技术的法律规制

深度合成算法技术由于其趣味性与便捷性,满足了民众的多元化需求,集中应用于社交媒体、影视娱乐等领域。然而,深度合成算法技术激发用户创新内容的同时,在著作权领域也引发了一系列困境与挑战。通过梳理分析现行著作权法难以将深度合成物纳入“作品”的范畴、现行合理使用制度难以判定对原作品的“深度合成行为”以及现行著作权法难以协调深度合成“作品”与原作品的保护边界这三大亟待解决的困境,并提出相应的著作权法规制路径,从而实现著作权保护与深度合成算法技术应用的平衡发展。

著作权法上独创性概念的澄清与重释

由于个性、创造性、智力劳动等概念比较抽象,一部作品是否具有独创性通常取决于预设的私人立场。这种判定模式会不合理地损害著作权保护的预期。从我国的作品定义看,独创性是一部作品区别于其他作品的内在尺度。独创性既表明了特定作品的特有属性,又表达了与其相关的权益归属。这一内涵与著作权法的内外价值一致。依此逻辑,独创性是指作品的相对差异,并暗示作品进入市场的机会与作品价值的二分。按照相对差异标准,作者享有依照著作权法提出保护的应然权利。

《刑事诉讼法》第四次修改与中国特色未成年人司法的发展完善

《刑事诉讼法》对于我国未成年人司法的发展起到了重要的支撑与引领作用,中国特色未成年人司法具有与刑事诉讼紧密捆绑的阶段性特征。更好地调整《刑事诉讼法》与未成年人司法之间的互动关系,以推动我国未成年人司法的进一步发展完善,应当作为《刑事诉讼法》第四次修改中涉未成年人部分修改的基本立场,并处理好两个整体性问题。一是通过吸收未成年人专门法律的普适性内容、根据其他涉未法律的新规定新增或调整专章规定、为其他法律中新增的涉未制度提供程序支撑和吸收已有司法解释或规范性文件的合理内容,来有效对接其他涉未法律规范。二是通过减少刑事诉讼整体框架和普通程序对涉未特别程序的限制,明确与成年人案件规定的梯级递进关系,来处理好与普通程序的关系。本次修改还应当整体增补与未成年被害人相关的规定,对转处制度和犯罪记录封存制度进行体系化与优化,并明确低龄严重暴力犯罪核准追诉程序的基本设置。