Thermophoresis and concentration effects in a fourth grade peristaltic flow with convective walls

In this investigation,we have studied the peristaltic fluid flow in an asymmetric channel with convective walls.Fourth grade fluid model has been utilized in view of the fact that the results of all other differential type models can be deduced as the special case.Combined effects of heat and mass transfer are considered.The thermophoresis effects occur in the energy equation.Convective heat and mass boundary conditions have been given special attention.Long wave length and low Reynolds number approximations are utilized for the simplifications.Approximate analytic solutions for the velocity,temperature and concentration profiles are calculated using perturbation technique and elaborated in the form of graphical observations for various physical quantities.

Hybrid Effects of Thermal and Concentration Convection on Peristaltic Flow of Fourth Grade Nanofluids in an Inclined Tapered Channel: Applications of Double-Diffusivity

This article brings into focus the hybrid effects of thermal and concentration convection on peristaltic pumping of fourth grade nanofluids in an inclined tapered channel.First,the brief mathematical modelling of the fourth grade nanofluids is provided along with thermal and concentration convection.The Lubrication method is used to simplify the partial differential equations which are tremendously nonlinear.Further,analytical technique is applied to solve the differential equations that are strongly nonlinear in nature,and exact solutions of temperature,volume fraction of nanoparticles,and concentration are studied.Numerical and graphical findings manifest the influence of various physical flow-quantity parameters.It is observed that the nanoparticle fraction decreases because of the increasing values of Brownian motion parameter and Dufour parameter,whereas the behaviour of nanoparticle fraction is quite opposite for thermophoresis parameter.It is also noted that the temperature profile decreases with increasing Brownian motion parameter values and rises with Dufour parameter values.Moreover,the concentration profile ascends with increasing thermophoresis parameter and Soret parameter values.

Levels of evidence and grades of recommendation supporting European society for medical oncology clinical practice guidelines

Background:The European Society for Medical Oncology(ESMO)guidelines are among the most comprehensive and widely used clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)globally.However,the level of scientific evidence supporting ESMO CPG recommendations has not been systematically investigated.This study assessed ESMO CPG levels of evidence(LOE)and grades of recommendations(GOR),as well as their trends over time across various cancer settings.Methods:We manually extracted every recommendation with the Infectious Diseases Society of America(IDSA)classification from each CPG.We examined the distribution of LOE and GOR in all available ESMO CPG guidelines across different topics and cancer types.Results:Among the 1,823 recommendations in the current CPG,30%were classified as LOEⅠ,and 43%were classified as GOR A.Overall,there was a slight decrease in LOEⅠ(−2%)and an increase in the proportion of GOR A(+1%)in the current CPG compared to previous versions.The proportion of GOR A recommendations based on higher levels of evidence such as randomized trials(LOEⅠ–Ⅱ)shows a decrease(71%vs.63%,p=0.009)while recommendations based on lower levels of evidence(LOEⅢ–Ⅴ)show an increase(29%vs.37%,p=0.01)between previous and current version.In the current versions,the highest proportion of LOEⅠ(42%)was found in recommendations related to pharmacotherapy,while the highest proportion of GOR A recommendations was found in the areas of pathology(50%)and diagnostic(50%)recommendations.Significant variability in LOEⅠand GOR A recommendations and their changes over time was observed across different cancer types.Conclusion:One-third of the current ESMO CPG recommendations are supported by the highest level of evidence.More well-designed randomized clinical trials are needed to increase the proportion of LOEⅠand GOR A recommendations,ultimately leading to improved outcomes for cancer patients.

Blasius flow and heat transfer of fourth-grade fluid with slip

This investigation deals with the effects of slip, magnetic field, and non- Newtonian flow parameters on the flow and heat transfer of an incompressible, electrically conducting fourth-grade fluid past an infinite porous plate. The heat transfer analysis is carried out for two heating processes. The system of highly non-linear differential equations is solved by the shooting method with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method for moderate values of the parameters. The effective Broyden technique is adopted in order to improve the initial guesses and to satisfy the boundary conditions at infinity. An exceptional cross-over is obtained in the velocity profile in the presence of slip. The fourth-grade fluid parameter is found to increase the momentum boundary layer thickness, whereas the slip parameter substantially decreases it. Similarly, the non-Newtonian fluid parameters and the slip have opposite effects on the thermal boundary layer thickness.

Heat transfer on peristaltic flow of fourth grade fluid in inclined asymmetric channel with partial slip

In this paper, the effects of slip and heat transfer are studied on the peristaltic transport of a magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） fourth grade fluid. The governing equations are modeled and solved under the long wavelength approximation by using a regular perturbation method. Explicit expressions of solutions for the stream function, the velocity, the pressure gradient, the temperature, and the heat transfer coefficient are presented. Pumping and trapping phenomena are analyzed for increasing the slip parameter. Further, the temperature profiles and the heat transfer coefficient are observed for various increasing parameters. It is found that these parameters considerably affect the considered flow characteristics. Comparisons with published results for the no-slip case are found in close agreement.

The Readability of Online Patient Education Materials from Major Anesthesiology Associations and the American Society of Anesthesiologists

Background: As much as 80% of US adults search online for health related information. The value of the information is limited by the patients’ ability to comprehend it. Despite the recommendation by the American Medical Association (AMA) to provide all patient education materials (PEMs) at a 6th grade reading level, many online sources do not conform. This study aims to evaluate the readability of PEMs from major online sources for anesthesiology. Methods: We determined the readability of PEMs from five major anesthesiology organizations and twelve brochures from the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) using ten validated readability scales. PEMs from the various anesthesiology websites were compiled into a single word document for analysis. The twelve patient education brochures from the ASA were downloaded and analyzed separately. We then grouped the twelve documents into one sample and compared it to the other anesthesiology association websites. Results: All of the PEMs provided by the ASA were determined to be higher than a 6th grade reading level with nine being at a 12th grade reading level or above. The PEMs of the five major anesthesiology association websites were beyond the 6th grade reading level with four out of five at greater than the 12th grade reading level. Conclusion: The results showed that the readability of PEMs provided by five major anesthesiology associations and the ASA was beyond the 6th grade. Therefore, the PEMs with improved readability in anesthesiology are needed.

Couette Flow Problem for an Unsteady MHD Fourth-Grade Fluid with Hall Currents

In this work, we analyze Couette flow problem for an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fourth-grade fluid in presence of pressure gradient and Hall currents. The existing literature on the topic shows that the effect of Hall current on Couette flow of an unsteady MHD fourth-grade fluid with pressure gradient has not been investigated so far. The arising non-linear problem is solved by the homotopy analysis method (HAM) and the convergence of the obtained complex series solution is carefully analyzed. The influence of pressure number, Hartmann number, Hall parameter and fourth-grade material parameters on the unsteady velocity is discussed through plots and on local skin-friction coefficient discussed through numerical values presented in tabular form.

Critical Concentration of Zinc for Increasing Production and Quality of Mangosteen Fruit in West Sumatera, Indonesia

West Sumatera is one of the largest mangosteen production centers in Indonesia.After the 2019 harvest season,there were variations in fruit production and quality which indicated symptoms of zinc(Zn)deficiency.This study evaluates the status of Zn for increasing the production and quality of mangosteen fruit Ratu Kamang cv.The study was conducting using the observation method in Lima Puluh Kota,West Sumatera from January to December 2020.This study used ten mangosteen trees aged 23 years in three locations selected purposively.Parameters observed included soil properties,leaf nutrients,number of fruits;fruit,rind,aril and seed weights,percentage of fruit scars(FS)and percentage of fruit contaminated with yellow sap(YSC).The relationship between Zn concentration in leaves and fruit production and quality was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and regression models.The results showed that Zn played a role in increasing the production and quality of man-gosteen fruit at certain concentration ranges in the leaves.Zinc concentrations of 23.45–30.00 mg/kg play a role in increasing production,while Zn concentrations of 26.29–30.29 mg/kg play a role in increasing quality.The lowest incidence of FS and YSC was found in trees with Zn concentration in the leaves between 30.00–32.00 mg/kg.Zinc concentration in the leaves of 30.00 mg/kg was the critical concentration in increasing the production and quality of mangosteen fruit under local cultivation conditions.Zinc has an antagonistic relationship to iron(Fe)and cop-per(Cu)in leaf tissue.

A Hybrid Level Set Optimization Design Method of Functionally Graded Cellular Structures Considering Connectivity

With the continuous advancement in topology optimization and additive manufacturing(AM)technology,the capability to fabricate functionally graded materials and intricate cellular structures with spatially varying microstructures has grown significantly.However,a critical challenge is encountered in the design of these structures–the absence of robust interface connections between adjacent microstructures,potentially resulting in diminished efficiency or macroscopic failure.A Hybrid Level Set Method(HLSM)is proposed,specifically designed to enhance connectivity among non-uniform microstructures,contributing to the design of functionally graded cellular structures.The HLSM introduces a pioneering algorithm for effectively blending heterogeneous microstructure interfaces.Initially,an interpolation algorithm is presented to construct transition microstructures seamlessly connected on both sides.Subsequently,the algorithm enables the morphing of non-uniform unit cells to seamlessly adapt to interconnected adjacent microstructures.The method,seamlessly integrated into a multi-scale topology optimization framework using the level set method,exhibits its efficacy through numerical examples,showcasing its prowess in optimizing 2D and 3D functionally graded materials(FGM)and multi-scale topology optimization.In essence,the pressing issue of interface connections in complex structure design is not only addressed but also a robust methodology is introduced,substantiated by numerical evidence,advancing optimization capabilities in the realm of functionally graded materials and cellular structures.

国内针灸治疗焦虑障碍临床实验的GRADE证据评价

目的:GRADE系统评价单纯针灸治疗焦虑障碍临床实验的证据等级。方法:收集针灸治焦虑障碍临床研究随机对照文献,计算机检索万方数字化期刊群(1998—),CBM(1979—)、CNKI(1979—)和VIP(1989—),所有检索时间截至2016年2月15日,并手工检索广州中医药大学图书馆过刊资料库,统计学分析采用Rev Man5.2软件,证据质量评估采用GRADE profiler3.6软件。结果:本研究纳入14个随机对照试,结局指标为治疗3周的HAMA有效率、8周的HAMA评分、1个月及2个月后随访的HAMA评分、60 d的SAS有效率,证据质量均为非常低。其中治疗60 d的SAS有效率比较,差别有统计学意义,其余均无统计学意义。结局指标为治疗4、6周的HAMA有效率,4、5、6周的HAMA评分,4周的SAS评分,证据质量均为低级。其中治疗4、6周的HAMA评分比较,差别有统计学意义,其余均无统计学意义。结局指标为治疗后3、6个月后随访的HAMA评分,证据质量为中级,差别无统计学意义。结论:针灸治疗焦虑障碍的随机对照的证据质量总体偏低,需完善随机对照实验的设计及报告,以为临床及指南制定提供高级别的针灸治疗证据。

Diagnosis and treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss

Nationwide epidemiological surveys of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss(SSNHL) have been performed five times by the Research Committee of the Ministry of Health and Welfare or the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Labour in Japan. These surveys included patients who had SSNHL in 1972, 1987, 1993, 2001, and 2012. Using the criteria for the grading of hearing loss in SSNHL or the criteria for grading the degree of hearing recovery after SSNHL established by the Research Committee, we compared the outcomes of SSNHL between the five nationwide surveys. The results revealed that the outcomes of SSNHL have not changed in the past 40 years. In 1972, 88% of patients received steroids, but none received prostaglandin E1(PGE1). The use of PGE1 has increased since the 1980 s, but its effect on SSNHL may not be significant. Intratympanic steroid injection has been introduced recently for the treatment of SSNHL, but it does not seem to be used widely in Japan. Intratympanic therapy that can reduce the total amount of steroids administered will be used more frequently if the true effects and indications for this therapy are known. Elucidation of the etiologies of SSNHL and development of treatments specific for these etiologies are expected.

Non-Native English Speaker Readability Metric: Reading Speed and Comprehension

This paper presents an investigation to evaluate the reading speed and reading comprehension of non-native English speaking students by presenting a simple analytical model. For this purpose, various readability softwares were used to estimate the average grade level of the given texts. The relationship between the score obtained by the students and their reading speed under average grade level 9 and 14 using font size 12 and 14 is presented. The experimental results show that the reading speed and the score versus the students may be explained by a linear regression. Reading speed decreases as the score decreases. The students with a higher magnitude of reading speed scored better marks. More importantly, we find that the reading speed of our students is lower than the native English speakers. This approach of modeling the readability in linear form significantly simplifies the readability analysis.

Improving health literacy and stakeholder-directed knowledge of One Health through analysis of readability:a cross sectional infodemiology study

Background The One Health approach involves collaboration across several sectors,including public health,veterinary and environmental sectors in an integrated manner.These sectors may be disparate and unrelated,however to succeed,all stakeholders need to understand what the other stakeholders are communicating.Likewise,it is important that there is public acceptance and support of One Health approaches,which requires effective communication between professional and institutional organisations and the public.To help aid and facilitate such communication,written materials need to be readable by all stakeholders,in order to communicate effectively.There has been an exponential increase in the publication of papers involving One Health,with<5 per year,in the 2000s,to nearly 500 published in 2023.To date,readability of One Health information has not been scrutinised,nor has it been considered as an integral intervention of One Health policy communication.The aim of this study was therefore to examine readability of public-facing One Health information prepared by 24 global organisations.Methods Readability was calculated using Readable software,to obtain four readability scores[(ⅰ)Flesch Reading Ease(FRE),(ⅱ)Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level(FKGL),(ⅲ)Gunning Fog Index and(ⅳ)SMOG Index]and two text metrics[words/sentence,syllables/word]for 100 sources of One Health information,from four categories[One Health public information;PubMed abstracts;Science in One Health(SOH)abstracts(articles);SOH abstracts(reviews)].Results Readability of One Health information for the public is poor,not reaching readability reference standards.No information was found that had a readability of less than 9th grade(around 14 years old).Mean values for the FRE and FKGL were(19.4±1.4)(target>60)and(15.6±0.3)(target<8),respectively,with mean words per sentence and syllables per word of 20.5 and 2.0,respectively.Abstracts with“One Health”in the title were more difficult to read than those without“One Health”in the title(FRE:P=0.0337;FKGL:P=0.0087).Comparison of FRE and FKGL readability scores for the four categories of One Health information[One Health public information;PubMed abstracts;SOH abstracts(articles);SOH abstracts(reviews)]showed that SOH abstracts from articles were easier to read than those from SOH reviews.No One Health public-facing information from the 100 sources examined met the FKGL target of≤8.The most easily read One Health information required a Grade Level of 9th grade(14-15 years old),with a mean Grade Level of 15.5(university/college level).Conclusion Considerable work is required in making One Health written materials more readable,particularly for children and adolescents(<14 years of age).It is important that any interventions or mitigations taken to support better public understanding of the One Health approach are not ephemeral,but have longer lasting and legacy value.Authors of One Health information should consider using readability calculators when preparing One Health information for their stakeholders,to check the readability of their work,so that the final material is within recommended readability reference parameters,to support the health literacy and stakeholder-directed knowledge of their readers.

速度350km/h高速铁路长大下坡地段闭塞分区设置方法研究

通过分析长大下坡道闭塞分区长度对CTCS-3级和后备CTCS-2级列控系统的影响,指出二者对闭塞分区长度的需求完全相反,并针对CTCS-3级列控系统的行车许可回缩、速度突降等问题的产生原因进行分析。阐述坡度、闭塞分区长度与不同列控模式下列车运行速度、追踪间隔时间等要素之间的关系,制定闭塞分区设置的基本原则。检算典型坡度下闭塞分区长度设置的合理区间范围及相应追踪间隔时间,指出坡度超过-30‰后将无法兼顾不同列控等级下的运行速度。设计模拟退火算法,根据闭塞分区设置原则及闭塞分区取值规律,给出压缩求解空间、提高求解效率的方法。以郑万高速铁路长大下坡地段为例,对闭塞分区设置进行优化,在不考虑其他约束的前提下,与设计院优化方案相比,本求解优化方案在确保CTCS-3级控车模式下允许速度可达350 km/h的同时,将CTCS-2级控车模式下的允许速度提高30 km/h,追踪间隔时间压缩23 s。

油田三维地质多级建模策略与方法——以渤海湾盆地整装孤岛油田为例

三维地质建模应用于油田勘探开发的各个阶段,解决不同的问题时,对建模的规模、精度及要求也不同。分区块地质建模在井位部署、开发调整分析上可以起到一定的指导作用,但是各独立区块模型没有统一的标准,不能实现由小模型到大模型的拼接,制约了油田的整体勘探开发及规划工作。为了更好发挥地质建模在油田勘探开发全生命周期的精准作用,研究以渤海湾盆地整装孤岛油田为例,提出了油田—区块—储层单砂体构型的多级建模策略。使用具有自主知识产权的Direct、M^(3)地质建模软件,应用地质约束的地质统计学及嵌入式储层构型建模方法,实现了从大到小、整体到局部、笼统到精细。分层级刻画了油田的构造沉积演化特征、储层内部构型及油藏空间展布,建成了中国首例油田级亿万网格节点的三维地质大模型及分级模型,为深化地质认识、油藏开发潜力评价、整体开发调整提高采收率提供了有利的手段。多级三维地质建模技术既为技术人员提供了多学科一体化的交流平台,又为油田勘探开发提供了方向,是油田数字化管理的有力抓手,更是数字化、智能化油田发展的必然趋势。

不同性能水平下600 MPa级高强钢筋混凝土柱位移角限值研究

基于性能抗震设计思想的600 MPa级高强钢筋混凝土柱位移角限值研究,对于推广高强钢筋混凝土柱的应用至关重要。通过17根HTRB630高强钢筋混凝土柱试件和3根HRB400钢筋混凝土柱试件的拟静力试验研究了其抗震性能。与HRB400钢筋混凝土柱相比,HTRB630高强钢筋混凝土柱的滞回曲线的形状没有发生明显改变,试件具有较好的承载能力和延性。将基于Kunnath损伤模型计算的损伤指数与试验中测量的损伤指数范围进行了比较,结果表明,Kunnath损伤模型可以准确计算HTRB630高强钢筋混凝土柱的损伤指标。根据HTRB630高强钢筋混凝土柱的破坏特点,以屈服点、峰值点和极限点作为高强钢筋混凝土柱的性能水平控制点。基于性能抗震设计的思想,将600 MPa级高强钢筋混凝土柱的性能水平划分为5个性能水平,即正常使用、暂时使用、修复后使用、生命安全和接近倒塌性能水平。结合参考文献中600 MPa级高强钢筋混凝土柱的试验数据,对65个600 MPa级高强钢筋混凝土柱各特征点的位移角进行了相对频率统计分析,得到了600 MPa级高强钢筋混凝土柱在暂时使用、修复后使用和接近倒塌3个性能水平下具有超过90%安全保证率的位移角限值分别为1/150、1/80和1/60。

一类具有时变系数源项和应变项的半线性四阶波动方程解的高能爆破现象

本文侧重研究一类具有时变系数源项和非线性应变项的半线性四阶波动方程Dirichlet及Navier初边值问题.利用非稳定集的不变性、反证法技巧及凹性引理,给出任意正初始能量级E(0)>0下解的有限时刻爆破结果.

青海种子植物区系研究

青海省是青藏高原的核心组成部分,其地质、地貌的形成和自然生态系统的演化历史与整个青藏高原一脉相承。全省共有野生种子植物97科、595属、3558种。该研究在作者多年实地考察和资料积累的基础上,对青海境内所有植物的科、属、种进行了分布区类型的划分和分析。结果表明:(1)吴征镒先生关于“中国种子植物属的分布区类型”中的15个分布区类型在青海均有代表出现,体现出区系成分的丰富程度及其生态地理环境的复杂多样。(2)热带类型多体现出边缘分布的性质,并以泛热带类型为代表,但无木本类型。(3)青海区系的核心成分,在属级层面是以北温带和东亚为主的温寒性质的属为主,而在种一级层面则是以温带亚洲和东亚分布的种为主。(4)中国特有成分体现出青海与我国西南(横断山)区系和喜马拉雅区系的紧密联系,以及青藏高原高寒区系的特色明显。(5)我国西南地区区系和北方区系对青海的影响较大,并且各有侧重。(6)温性湿润的祁连山地、高寒的青南高原和温性干旱的柴达木盆地的“三区”交会,体现出过渡区系性质明显以及各自植物区系的特点迥异,并且各有突出。(7)以许多植物种分布的西界和海拔高度的最高界为标志的分布末梢区或是边缘分布区性质明显。(8)以多年生草本类群为主,但木本类群贫乏的年轻和衍生的区系性质明显。综上认为,青海的植物区系具有以北温带成分,特别是欧亚大陆温、寒地带典型成分为优势,兼具温性、寒温和高寒类型的温带区系性质,并同时体现出“复合型”区系的特征。在此基础上,首次在国内建立起了青海“野生种子植物种一级分布区类型系统”。

某大型三甲医院编制外人员用工特点和风险规避研究

随着医疗体制改革的深入推进,三甲医院逐渐重视编制外人员的引入,一定程度上满足医院的用人需求。三甲医院既要调动编制外人员的工作积极性,又要规避用工风险,最大程度上发挥编制外人员在医院诊疗中的作用。笔者以北京某三甲医院为例,介绍了案例医院编制外人员现状,总结了编制外人员用工特点,并从政府、医院、社会三方面探究案例医院编制外人员用工风险规避措施。