On the Influence Factors of Second-hand House Prices in First-tier Cities——Empirical Analysis Based on Panel Data

With the arrival of the ＂housing stock＂ in first - tier cities, the second - handhousing^market will become the dominant property market. This ardcle aim to the first - tiercities of second - hand housing prices and new home price index for the empirical analysis, thedata related to the cointegration analysis found that the result of the first -tier cities real estatemarket in China, the new home price index is the significant factors influencing the second -hand house price indexi For Beijing, Shanghai second - hand housing and new home price in-dex time series johans test, found that there exists cointegration relationship between two varia-bles,the new city real estate market prices out of a line on the secondary market have clearguide. Therefore, the real estate market regulation aiming at the first -tier cities and the＂housing stock＂ should take the second - hand housing market as the main direction, startingwith the sale price and influencing factors of new houses. At the same time, in different cities,we should adhere to the city＇ s policies, reflect the policy differentiation, promote the reformof the real estate supply side, and promote the return of housing properties.

An Analysis of China's Overall Price Level Movement and Macro-control since the Reform and Opening-up Period

This article begins with a detailed depiction of China's overall price movement since the reform and opening-up period, then proceeds with an in-depth analysis of the key factors affecting the overall price movement. On this basis, the paper conducts a comparison of overall price plan/macro-control objectives and actual implementation results. Based on an in-depth dissection of the deviations between plan objectives and actual results, this article offers specific policy recommendations on how to improve and strengthen macro-control over overall price movement.

An Analysis of China's Overall Price Trend During the 12th Five-year Plan Period and Suggestions

In this paper,the author first summarizes China’s price operation situation and characteristics since the 1990s,and thenanalyzes inflation shaping factors and types.Based on that,the author raises six inflation early-warning indexes andfully dissects influencing factors of the overall price trend and inflation risks during the 12th Five-year Plan period.Afterthat,the author explains some aspects of price fluctuation that warrants attention during the 12th Five-year Plan period.Finally,the author puts forward policies and suggestions for stabilizing the overall price during the transformation of theeconomic development mode based on our actual situation.

Modeling the Parking Pricing of Multiple Parking Facilities under Different Operation Regimes

To explore the parking pricing of multiple parking facilities, this paper proposes a bi-level programming model, in which the interactions between parking operators and travelers are explicitly considered. The upper-level sub-model simulates the price decision-making behaviors of the parking operators whose objectives may vary under different operation regimes, such as monopoly market, oligopoly competition, and social optimum. The lower level represents a network equilibrium model that simulates how travelers choose modes, routes, and parking facilities. The proposed model is solved by a sensitivity based algorithm, and applied to a numerical experiment, in which three types of parking facilities are studied, i.e., the off-road parking lot, the curb parking lot, and the parking-and-ride (P&R) facility. The results show in oligopoly market that the level of parking price reaches the lowest point, nonetheless the social welfare decreases to the lowest simultaneously;and the share of P&R mode goes to the highest value, however the total network costs rise also to the highest. While the monopoly market and the social optimum regimes result in solutions of which P&R facilities suffer negative profits and have to be subsidized.

Empirical Analysis of the Vegetable Industry in Hebei Province

We first introduce the status quo of the development of vegetable industry in Hebei Province,and then conduct empirical analysis of the development of vegetable industry in Hebei Province.Further,we analyze the development advantage of the vegetable industry in Hebei Province using SAI(Scale Advantage Indices) and SCA(Symmetric Comparative Advantage),drawing the conclusion that the vegetable industry in Hebei Province has much room for development;at the same time,we analyze the factors influencing vegetable consumption of residents in Hebei Province through the regression model,drawing the conclusion that the vegetable consumer price index is the main factor affecting the consumption.Finally we make recommendations for the development of vegetable industry in Hebei Province as follows:increasing financial input,promoting policy guarantee capacity;implementing brand strategy,promoting the competitiveness of products;improving the ecological environment,promoting industrialization of pollution-free vegetables.

Congestion Pricing of Urban Street Segments along with MRT Route—The Case Study of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Dhaka, Bangladesh’s capital, already has a congestion problem to handle the ever-growing demand for traffic. The usage of private cars cannot be stopped by charging and the town is not encouraged by quality public transport. It is impossible to enforce congestion prices here in line with traditional cordon pricing systems since the region uses unusual land patterns. However, the current project Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Line 6, which will be built by 2021, provides the prospect of congestion pricing. A price and optimum approach were established for this article. The congestion price is only payable for the segments and is accessible for private cars under this system. Two urban street segments along the MRT route were selected for the study and congestion toll for a private car is estimated for each segment separately. The sum of the toll in monetary terms is determined using certain associated parameters from the discrepancy from the actual Level of Service (LOS) travel time and traffic flow to the desired LOS. The outcome has shown that the price per passenger car is $0.3 - $0.44. The price is flexible, which means it will vary based on traffic volume. The findings for politicians to enforce congestion pricing are viewed as recommendations.

Input-Output Analysis of the Impact of Environmental Regulation on Chinese Industries

In this paper, we attempted to calculate the impact of environmental regulation on the international competitiveness of China＇s industries. Calculations are based on the input-output model that incorporates pollution control costs. We took enterprises ＇pollution control costs as the substitute variable for environmental regulation and price changes to measure the impact on international competitiveness for all sectors. Our studies reported three findings. First, price rises caused by pollution control costs were not more than 4 per cent in the manufacturing and trade sectors in 2007. Second, although the charging rate on pollutant discharge has become increasingly higher since 2003, the resultant price rise is only around O. 5 per cent across all sectors. Third, the impact brought about by increasingly stronger environmental regulation is limited and the resultant price rise does not exceed 2 per cent. Thesefindings indicate that the impact of environmental regulation on China＇s trade sectors is affordable. Therefore, it is needless to worry that environmental regulation will weaken the international competitiveness of Chinese products.

Nursing homes’social responsibility and competitive edge:a cross‐sectional study on elderly choices about care service and price levels in Zhejiang Province,China

Background In the context of China's aging population,meeting consumer demand is an essential way for nursing homes to fulfill social responsibilities and improve competitive advantages.However,since little is known about the elderly's service level and price choices for nursing home care,this study aims to explore the non-disabled elderly's nursing home admission intention,service level,and price choices.Methods A cross-sectional survey of 402 non-disabled respondents was conducted in three different income level cities of Zhejiang Province,in July and August 2018.Multinomial logistic regression and multiple linear regression were used to identify the determinants of admission intention,service level choice,and price choice.Results Education,residence,and number of children were significantly associated with nursing home admission intention.Compared to those with no intention,the elderly with higher income and household wealth were less likely to have conditional intentions,and those living with the family were less likely to have unconditional intentions.Compared to medium-level services,the elderly with higher monthly income(relative risk ratio[RRR]3.07,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.801 to 5.233),household wealth(RRR 5.451,95%CI:2.249 to 13.216),and age(RRR 1.528,95%CI:1.004 to 2.326)were more likely to prefer high-level services,while older adults with higher monthly income(RRR 0.516,95%CI:0.344 to 0.774),and those with pensions(RRR 0.267,95%CI:0.076 to 0.931)were less likely to prefer low-level services.The elderly's price preference increased by 398 CNY as monthly income increased by 1000 CNY,and by 270 CNY as the housing number increased by one.Having pensions increased price preference(468 CNY),whereas having health insurance decreased price preference(–690 CNY).Conclusion The elderly's intention of nursing home admission was primarily affected by sociodemographic factors,while price and service level choices were primarily affected by financial factors.Nursing homes should use the market segmentation method to provide precision nursing home care for different groups of non-disabled elderly.

Suggestions on the Current Electricity Price Level and Policies in China

The State Council decided to raise the retail electricity price by 0.25 Yuan/kWh from July, 2008. This will, to some extent, relieve the conflicts between power supply and demand, and decrease the economic losses in

Price and retailer's service level decision in a supply chain under consumer returns

To investigate the optimal retail price and service level in a supply chain under consumer returns, a consumer returns model under the retailer＇s service provision is built. The optimal decision results and optimal profits are obtained in the vertical integration game and the manufacturer Stackelberg game, respectively. Through comparing the optimal profits with service provision with those of no service provision, the boundary conditions that the retailer＇s service should be provided are derived. The results show that in the manufacturer Stackelberg game, the optimal profit of the retailer and the manufacturer with service is always superior to that of a no service provision. However, in the vertical integration game, the supply chain can only benefit from the service under certain conditions. Finally, through numerical examples, the impacts of the cost for providing services and the consumer return rate on the optimal decisions are analyzed.

Ordering and Pricing Strategies for Fresh Products with Multiple Quality Levels Considering Consumer Utility

In this paper, considering a scenario in which there are two quality levels of fresh products and introduction of consumer utility function, we studied the optimal ordering and pricing strategies under certain quantity. Our results showed that, facing the two quality levels of fresh products, retailers would not benefit from sales of lower quality of fresh products with the deterministic demand. In the pursuit of profit maximization, the initial order quantity is smaller than the potential demand for market.

Debates on the Tiered Electricity Pricing Mechanism in China

Based on the Ramsey theory-the foundation for the tiered electricity pricing mechanism, this article analyzes the effects of the tiered electricity pricing system on social justice, eff iciency and commodity prices, and concludes that the system would direct subsidies to flow into low income groups, and promote energy conservation and emissions reduction by restricting over-consumption of high income groups, without enormous effect on commodity prices. The key to designing the tiered system is how to estimate the amount of electricity use for each tier, so as to avoid excluding low income groups from the subsidy or including high income groups in the subsidy.

基于效果定价模式的网络直播广告定价决策研究

网络直播广告作为一种新型营销方式快速发展,优化直播广告运营主体努力水平及定价策略是一项值得深入研究的课题。本文基于广告投放效果的两种定价模式,构建了包含两个广告商和一个主播的网络直播广告定价决策模型,探索广告商与主播的最优努力水平选择及广告定价策略。研究发现:CPW(cost per watch)定价模式下,广告商承担了消费者是否购买的不确定性风险,当消费者敏感性系数偏低时,广告商会提交较低的出价,且B/D两类广告商赢得竞拍的概率相等;对比CPW模式,在CPA(cost per action)定价模式下广告商的努力水平更低,且CPA定价模式中B型(品牌型)广告商赢得竞拍的概率更大,但赢得竞拍的广告商边际利润往往较低;与广告商相反,主播在CPA定价模式下的收益大于CPW,且随消费者敏感性系数的增加,两种定价模式下的收益差逐渐增大;CPW定价模式下预期观看直播的用户量和购买率均高于CPA,网络直播市场倾向于从CPW广告定价合同中获得较大收益。

基于出行选择的旅客联程运输服务定价

在多模式运输竞争条件下,将旅客联程运输看作一个由多个任意运输方式联合提供服务的独立运营商参与市场竞争,并通过设立旅客满意度参数量化联程运输特有属性对旅客出行选择的影响,构建同时考虑旅客出行选择和运营商收益的“一票制”联运双层定价模型。针对下层模型中旅客出行选择参数标定需要大量数据,而联程运输处于初步发展阶段,存在缺乏相关数据的现实矛盾,通过运用层次分析法对相关因素的重要性程度进行标定。针对双层模型求解NP难问题,采用灵敏度分析法对模型求解过程进行简化。并以空铁联运为例对算法的有效性进行验证,结果表明:该定价模型可提升通道内总客流量,促进旅客出行,比补贴式定价有更强的可操作性和可持续性。

发电商合作博弈策略下跨区输电电价优化方法

由于负荷中心与可再生资源在地理位置上分布的不均匀,更大范围的资源合理配置需要跨区输电,而随着电力市场的深化发展,参与跨区电力市场出清的发电商将可能出现通过合作博弈策略行使市场力以争取自身利益最大的行为,此举可能导致跨区输电通道利用率降低,进而影响线路准许收入的稳定回收。为应对上述问题,提出了一种电力市场环境下考虑参与跨区出清的区外发电商合作博弈策略的跨区输电电价三层优化模型,上层为以准许收入稳定回收为目标的输电电价优化模型,中层为由区外发电商组成的跨区出清利益联盟的以联盟收益最大为目标的报量决策模型,下层为计及区外发电商参与的区内电力市场出清模型。为求解所提三层模型,采用了一种改进列和约束生成算法(C&CG)算法,将模型分解为主、子问题迭代求解,其中对于作为双层模型的主、子问题采用卡罗需-库恩-塔克条件(KKT)和大M法转化为等效单层模型后进行求解,而主、子问题模型中的双线性项则采用强对偶定理及变量离散参数化的方法进行线性转化以便于求解。最后通过PJM-5节点系统验证了所提三层优化模型能较好地体现区外发电商因合作博弈策略组成的跨区出清利益联盟的策略性决策和市场力行为,令输电电价的制定能在考虑区外发电商合作博弈策略影响下,实现线路准许收入的稳定回收。

考虑货物品类的铁路货运动态定价模型研究

随着我国经济社会的发展,铁路货运需求不断增加,有效的动态定价策略成为铁路运营管理中的一项重要环节,因此有必要设计一种适应不同情况下的铁路动态定价模型。在总结现有的铁路货运动态定价研究成果的基础上,以广州局集团公司为例,将货物分为大宗货物及其他品类货物,分别建立动态定价模型。针对大宗货物运输,提出基于三叉树的动态期权定价模型;针对其他品类货物运输,建立以铁路运输企业收益最高、客户广义费用最低为目标的双层规划定价模型。选取大朗—吴家山区段货物运输进行实例分析,求出相应的运价。研究结果表明,该方法能够更好地适应市场的变化,保障铁路运输企业和客户的利益,为运输企业的定价决策提供参考。

基于主从博弈的综合能源系统多能定价及调度优化

双碳目标背景下,针对综合能源系统中的低碳调度问题,提出基于主从博弈的园区电-热综合能源系统多能定价及调度优化策略。首先,介绍了园区运营商与用户的交易模式;其次,建立了主从博弈模型,将园区运营商作为领导者,园区内用户负荷作为跟随者,在园区运营商模型中引入阶梯型碳交易机制,用户负荷模型考虑了用户电热需求响应。最后,采用BAS-PSO(天牛须改进粒子群)算法和CPLEX求解器求解园区运营商定价策略及用户用能策略。仿真结果表明,所提出的优化策略能有效权衡各方利益,实现用户侧负荷峰谷差的下降和碳排放量的减少。

“专精特新”企业群体发展对增强我国关键产业链韧性的效应

党的二十届三中全会强调,健全提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平制度。研究“专精特新”企业群体发展影响产业链韧性的作用效果和机制,有助于精准制定产业政策,促进产业链韧性水平提升。通过模型推导和实证检验,在产业链韧性视角下研究“专精特新”企业群体的强链效应,发现“专精特新”企业的专业化程度、精细化程度、特色化程度和新颖化程度提升,能够显著提升产业链韧性,且该结论通过了替换核心变量、固定行业效应和调整观测期间的稳健性检验。进一步分析发现,随着“专精特新”企业的技术水平更高、资源禀赋更强和价格加权水平更低,其对产业链韧性的提升效果更强。

社区团购三级供应链定价与渠道决策

社区团购平台进入理性竞争的稳健发展期,如何整合线下便利店渠道优化团长服务,以应对多渠道博弈是社区团购企业关注的重要内容。针对“社区团购+社区便利店”渠道整合有效性问题,基于消费者效用理论和Stakelberg博弈理论,构建由供应商、社区团购零售商和社区便利店的三级供应链博弈模型,对比分析不同渠道策略下供应商和社区团购零售商分别为渠道结构主导者时,供应链最优定价决策和利润分配,研究供应商和零售商博弈情形下社区团购零售商渠道整合策略获得利润增值的市场条件。研究表明,除了在分散渠道策略下的线下实体渠道产品销售价格会下降,社区团购渠道产品销售价格和批发价格都会随团长运营服务水平的提升而升高;供应商和零售商的权力结构并不影响社区团购渠道整合策略的选择,仅影响整合策略后获得利润增值大小;只有在消费者对线上渠道偏好程度较低且团长运营服务水平不太高时,整合策略才对社区团购渠道有利。研究结论不仅实现社区团购三级供应链最优定价决策和利润分配,同时帮助社区团购零售商有效整合社区便利店,提供可靠的理论依据和重要的政策启示。

全民健身意识对参与健身俱乐部的影响研究——基于收入水平的调节及会员价格的中介作用

目的:健康问题是社会发展重点关注的问题,健身俱乐部对国民健康促进具有重要影响,研究基于收入水平的调节及会员价格的中介作用,全民健身意识对参与健身俱乐部的影响进行研究,为健身俱乐部优化经营奠定基础。方法:利用问卷调查法进行调查研究,利用相关、线性回归以及结构方程模型进行具体影响关系分析。结果:自变量健身意识与因变量参与健身俱乐部情况产生显著的正向影响关系。收入水平对全民健身意识对参与健身俱乐部的影响,具有调节作用。会员价格对全民健身意识对参与健身俱乐部的影响体现出部分中介作用。结论:在收入水平调节和会员价格的部分中介作用下,健身意识正向影响参与健身俱乐部。