Storage time affects the level and diagnostic efficacy of plasma biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases

Several promising plasma biomarker proteins,such as amyloid-β(Aβ),tau,neurofilament light chain,and glial fibrillary acidic protein,are widely used for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.However,little is known about the long-term stability of these biomarker proteins in plasma samples stored at-80°C.We aimed to explore how storage time would affect the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers using a large cohort.Plasma samples from 229 cognitively unimpaired individuals,encompassing healthy controls and those experiencing subjective cognitive decline,as well as 99 patients with cognitive impairment,comprising those with mild cognitive impairment and dementia,were acquired from the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline project.These samples were stored at-80°C for up to 6 years before being used in this study.Our results showed that plasma levels of Aβ42,Aβ40,neurofilament light chain,and glial fibrillary acidic protein were not significantly correlated with sample storage time.However,the level of total tau showed a negative correlation with sample storage time.Notably,in individuals without cognitive impairment,plasma levels of total protein and tau phosphorylated protein threonine 181(p-tau181)also showed a negative correlation with sample storage time.This was not observed in individuals with cognitive impairment.Consequently,we speculate that the diagnostic accuracy of plasma p-tau181 and the p-tau181 to total tau ratio may be influenced by sample storage time.Therefore,caution is advised when using these plasma biomarkers for the identification of neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease.Furthermore,in cohort studies,it is important to consider the impact of storage time on the overall results.

Law of Occurrence and the Damage of Main Diseases and Pests in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort Field

[Objective]The aim was to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of the main diseases and pests. [Method]The systematic investigation was carried out in the process of seedling and field cultivation of Ligusticum chuanxiong. [Result]The main diseases were root rot,Powdery mildew and Spot blight,while the main pests were Epinotia leucantha Meyrick,Prodenia litura Fabr.,Scarabaeoidea,Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval and Delia platura Meigen. [Conclusion]The law of occurrence of main diseases and pests were confirmed.

Physical Activity,Sedentary Behavior,and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients:The MIDiab Study

The aim of this study was to explore the associations of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity(MVPA)time and sedentary(SED)time with a history of cardiovascular disease(CVD)and multifactorial(i.e.,blood pressure(BP),body mass index(BMI),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c))control status among type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients in China.A cross-sectional analysis of 9152 people with type 2 diabetes from the Multifactorial Intervention on Type 2 Diabetes(MIDiab)study was performed.Patients were grouped according to their self-reported MVPA time(low,<150 min·week−1;moderate,150 to<450 min·week−1;high,≥450 min·week−1)and SED time(low,<4 h·d–1;moderate,4 to<8 h·d–1;high,≥8 h·d–1).Participants who self-reported a history of CVD were identified as having a CVD risk.Odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)of CVD risk and multifactorial control status associated with MVPA time and SED time were estimated using mixed-effect logistic regression models,adjusting for China’s geographical region characteristics.The participants had a mean±standard deviation(SD)age of(60.87±8.44)years,44.5%were women,and 25.1%had CVD.After adjustment for potential confounding factors,an inverse association between high MVPA time and CVD risk that was independent of SED time was found,whereas this association was not observed in the moderate-MVPA group.A higher MVPA time was more likely to have a positive effect on the control of BMI.Compared with the reference group(i.e.,those with MVPA time≥450 min·week−1 and SED time<4 h·d–1),CVD risk was higher in the low-MVPA group:The OR associated with an SED time<4 h·d–1 was 1.270(95%CI,1.040–1.553)and that associated with an SED time≥8 h·d–1 was 1.499(95%CI,1.149–1.955).We found that a high MVPA time(i.e.,≥450 min·week−1)was associated with lower odds of CVD risk regardless of SED time among patients with T2DM.

Stochastic Model of Dengue: Analysing the Probability of Extinction and LLN

In this article, we develop and analyze a continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) model to study the resurgence of dengue. We also explore the large population asymptotic behavior of probabilistic model of dengue using the law of large numbers (LLN). Initially, we calculate and estimate the probabilities of dengue extinction and major outbreak occurrence using multi-type Galton-Watson branching processes. Subsequently, we apply the LLN to examine the convergence of the stochastic model towards the deterministic model. Finally, theoretical numerical simulations are conducted exploration to validate our findings. Under identical conditions, our numerical results demonstrate that dengue could vanish in the stochastic model while persisting in the deterministic model. The highlighting of the law of large numbers through numerical simulations indicates from what population size a deterministic model should be considered preferable.

Using Interrupted Time Series Design to Analyze Changes in Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Incidence during the Declining Incidence Periods of 2008-2010 in China

Objective To identify patterns of hand, foot and mouth disease （HFMD） incidence in China during declining incidence periods of 2008, 2009, and 2010. Methods Reported HFMD cases over a period of 25 months were extracted from the National Disease Reporting System （NDRS） and analyzed. An interrupted time series （ITS） technique was used to detect changes in HFMD incidence rates in terms of level and slope between declining incidence periods of the three years. Results Over 3.58 million HFMD cases younger than 5 years were reported to the NDRS between May 1, 2008, and May 31, 2011. Males comprised 63.4% of the cases. ITS analyses demonstrated a significant increase in incidence rate level （P〈0.0001） when comparing the current period with the previous period. There were significant changes in declining slopes when comparing 2010 to 2009, and 2010 to 2008 （all P〈O.O05）, but not 2009 to 2008. Conclusion Incremental changes in incidence rate level during the declining incidence periods of 2009 and 2010 can potentially be attributed to a few factors. The more steeply declining slope in 2010 compared with previous years could be ascribed to the implementation of more effective interventions and preventive strategies in 2010. Further investigation is required to examine this possibility.

Occurrence Regularity and Ecological Control Technology of Diseases of Hedgerow Commonly Used in Greening in Five Cities of Southern Jiangsu

The disease types, symptom characteristics, pathogenesis and ecological control technology of hedgerow commonly used in landscape greening in Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou were systematically studied. The results showed that there were 10 kinds of common diseases of flowers and shrubs in landscape greening in five cities of southern Jiangsu. Among them, 8 were caused by deuteromycotina and 2 were caused by subphylum basidiomycetes. It was pointed out that the disease regularity was directly related to the pathogenic bacteria, temperature and humidity, microclimate and hedgerow growth. For the first time, the ecological control method of hedgerow disease which focused on ecological health maintenance was put forward.

Occurrence Regularity and Control Research of Apple Early Defoliation Disease in West Sichuan Plateau

[ Objective ] The research aimed to discuss the occurrence regularity of apple early defoliation disease and control effects of fungicides in west Sichuan plateau. [ Method ] Apple early defoliation disease in west Sichuan plateau was systematically investigated during 2009 and 2011, and the control effects of different fungicides during different spraying periods were studied. [ Result] The species of pathogen mainly was Marssonina ma/i （ P. Henn）, accounting for 32.5%, Phyl-losticta Pirina Sa accounted for 29.9%, and Alternaria mali Roberts accounted for 25.7%. The field fluctuation regularity was as follows ： the disease generally be- gan in the mid-May and ended in early and middle October with only one damage peak during the whole year, the fluctuation had positive correlation with rainfall （ R2 =0.891 8 ＊ ＊ ）. Control test showed that 40% flusilazole had the best control effect （86.5%）, which was best to apply after anthesis. [ Conclusion ] The paper provided theoretical basis for the effective control against apple early defoliation disease.

Risk factors for the occurrence and development of Binswanger disease: A controlled observation

BACKGROUND： Some scholars think that hypertension is the major risk factor to cause Binswanger disease （BD）, however, BD is also found in some persons with normal blood pressure, so we presume that some other factors, such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia, coronary heart disease and transient ischemic attacks and so on, might participant in the onset of BD. OBJECTIVE： To comparatively observe the difference in accompanying diseases, transcranial doppler （TCD） performance, blood glucose and blood lipid level between BD patients and healthy subjects who received health examination, and between BD patients with different disease condition. DESIGN ： Case-control analysis SETTING ： Department of Emergency, Qingdao Municipal Hospita PARTICIPANTS： Totally 126 patients with BD, 65 male and 61 female, aged from 67 to 85 years old, who hospitalized in the Medical School Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Municipal People＇s Hospital, were chosen, serving as BD patients group. All the patients met the clinical diagnostic criteria of BD introduced by Bennett et al. Another 126 persons, 65 male and 61 female, aged ranging from 67 to 80 years, who received health examination in the same hospital, were homeochronously chosen, serving as control group. Informed consents were obtained from all the subjects. METHODS ： After being admitted, all the subjects including BD patients and persons who homeochrenously received health examination in the same hospital were given examinations of blood pressure, blood lipid, blood glucose, electrocardiogram （ECG） and TCD. Fifty-seven patients with BD were in the stable period and 69 in the progressive period （Stable period： no local or subcortical function disorder found, and no changes in the range of white matter lesion showed by CT and/or MRI in recent 3 months; Progressive period： with local or subcortical function disorder and increase in the range of white matter lesion showed by CT and/or MRI in recent 3 months）. According to intimal thickening of carotid artery and vertebral artery preformed by TCD, BD was graded as mild intimal thickening （〈 1.1 mm）, moderate intimal thickening （1.1 to 1.2 mm） and severe intimal thickening （〉 1.2 mm）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： Comparison of the ratio of BD patients with accompanied diabetes mellitus, hypedipemia, coronary heart disease and transient ischemic attacks, TCD performance, blood glucose and blood lipid level between BD patients group and control group, and among BD patients with vadous disease conditions. RESULTS： Totally 126 BD patients and 126 subjects who received health examination all participated in the result analysis. Intergroup comparison： ①The ratio of BD patients with accompanied hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypedipemia, transient ischemic attacks and coronary heart disease was 91.3%, 46.8%, 42.9%, 81.7% and 46.0% respectively in the BD patients group, and that was 36.5%, 17.5%, 15.9%, 34.1% and 34.1%, respectively in the control group. Significant difference existed between two groups （x^2=86.201, 24.907,25.660,58.620,9.900, P 〈 0.01 ）.②Compared with control group, anterior, middle cerebral and vertebrobasilar arteriosclerosis and insufficient cerebral blood supply existed significantly in BD patients with different disease condition （x^2=40.34,7.585,15.429, P 〈 0.01 ）.③Compared with control group, the level of blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride of BD patients increased significantly （t=6.939,3.891,3.711 ,P 〈 0.01 ）. Comparison among BD patients with different disease condition： ① Compared with stable period, transient ischemic attacks and coronary heart disease were found much in the BD patients at progressive period, with significant difference （x^2=7.196,13.517,P 〈 0.01 ）.② Mild arteriosclerosis at stable period was found in 17 cases, and significant difference existed compared with progressive period （x^2=6.523,P 〈 0.05）.③ There was no significant difference in the blood glucose and blood lipid level （t=-1.755 6,0.583 1,0.824 6, P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Hypertension, cerebral arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hypedipemia, coronary heart disease and transient ischemic attacks have important effects on the onset of BD; Transient ischemic attacks and coronary heart disease can worsen the symptoms of BD patients.

Occurrence and Damage Characteristics of Sugarcane Catastrophic Diseases and Pests in Menglian Sugarcane Area and Their Prevention and Control Strategies

In recent years,the conditions of continuous warm winter,more rain and high humidity are very beneficial to the breeding and survival of sugarcane diseases and pests.Coupled with the degradation of single varieties,more attention on new plants and less on ratoon cane and the unscientific and unreasonable use of chemical pesticides,the types of sugarcane diseases and pests in the Menglian sugarcane area are increasing day by day,and the damage is increasing year by year,resulting in a substantial reduction in production and sugar,and a serious disaster threat to sugarcane production.Based on the field survey and the current sugarcane production practice in Menglian,this paper systematically reviewed the occurrence and damage dynamics and outbreak reasons of catastrophic diseases and pests that seriously influence sugarcane production,and proposed corresponding prevention and control strategies and integrated prevention and control technology according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of catastrophic diseases and pests.

A 10-year review and epidemiology of animal bite cases in Gerash city, south of Iran: A retrospective cross-sectional study

Objective:To determine the temporal trend and epidemiology of animal bite cases in Gerash City,Iran.Methods:This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 630 cases of people with animal bites between 2011 and 2021 in Gerash City.The collected data were analyzed using Chi-square test.Results:The mean age of victims was(30.9±17.5)years.80.54%Of victims were male,39.70%were self-employed,and 64.60%were adults(≥18 years).Most cases of bites occurred in 2019(91 cases),2020(74 cases)and 2021(87 cases),and most of the bites were related to the upper limbs(62.70%).Most of the wounds were superficial(78%),most of the biting animals were domestic animals(91.74%),and most of the victims had Iranian nationality(97.62%).Conclusions:Given the increasing trend of animal bites in Gerash City,health authorities should carry out basic measures such as education and awareness among the public,especially at-risk groups such as adult males.Additionally,since most cases of bites are due to dogs,it seems necessary to plan for vaccination of dogs,especially those with owners.

Control of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in the State-owned Sishibacao Forest Farm of Yunyang County,China

In view of the fact that pine wood nematode disease is the most dominant disease in Pinus massoniana forests,which has the characteristics of strong infectivity,fast transmission speed,and great difficulty in prevention and control,a brief description was made to the occurrence status of pine wood nematode disease and difficulties faced with its control in the State-owned Sishibacao Forest Farm of Yunyang County,China,followed by the analysis on the prevention and control measures from aspects of strict control,epidemic situation monitoring,joint prevention and control,and clearance of infected trees,as well as the existing problems of pine wood nematode disease.Finally,reasonable suggestions including strengthening the construction of talent team were put forward,aiming to provide a beneficial reference for the scientific,efficient,and reasonable control of pine wood nematode disease in Pinus massoniana Lamb.forests of Yunyang State-owned Sishibacao Forest Farm.

OCCURRENCE CHARACTERISTIC OF KASHIN-BECK DISEASE BASED ON NUCLEAR FAMILY PEDIGREES

Objective The occurrence characteristic of Kashin Beck Disease (KBD) in pedigrees ascertained on the basis of one proband was estimated. Methods A total of 255 individuals in 40 pedigrees were collected from areas in the Shaanxi Province. Results ① Parents and siblings of index cases have a 3-4 times higher risk than a random unrelated individual. The odds ratio for disease is higher in mothers than in fathers of index cases; ② Prevalence in relatives of index cases (K r= 59.2% ) greatly exceeds population prevalence (K= 17.5% ); ③ K r increases with sibship size; ④ There is no significant difference of K r for male and female siblings of index cases. Also, population prevalence is not sex specific. Conclusion In conjunction with environmental agents, genetics may play an important role in KBD etiology.

Comparison of four models for end-stage liver disease in evaluating the prognosis of cirrhosis

AIM： To investigate the prognostic value of the model for end-stage liver disease （MELD） and three new MELD-based models combination with serum sodium in decompensated cirrhosis patients-the MELD with the incorporation of serum sodium （MELD-Na）, the integrated MELD （iMELD）, and the MELD to sodium （MESO） index. METHODS： A total of 166 patients with decompensated cirrhosis were enrolled into the study. MELD, MELD- Na, iMELD and MESO scores were calculated for each patient following the original formula on the first day of admission. All patients were followed up at least 1 year. The predictive prognosis related with the four models was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve （AUC） of the four parameters. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were made using the cut-offs identified by means of receiver operating characteristic （ROC）. RESULTS： Out of 166 patients, 38 patients with significantly higher MELD-Na （28.84 ± 2.43 vs 14.72 ± 0.60）, iMELD （49.04 ± 1.72 vs 35.52 ± 0.67）, MESO scores （1.59 ± 0.82 vs 0.99 ± 0.42） compared to the survivors died within 3 mo （P 〈 0.001）. Of 166 patients, 75 with markedly higher MELD-Na （23.01 ± 1.51 vs 13.78 ± 0.69）, iMELD （44.06 ± 1.19 vs 34.12 ± 0.69）, MESO scores （1.37 ± 0.70 vs 0.93 ± 0.40） than the survivors died within 1 year （P 〈 0.001）. At 3 mo of enrollment, the iMELD had the highest AUC （0.841）, and was followed by the MELD-Na （0.766）, MESO （0.723）, all larger than MELD （0.773）; At year, the iMELD still had the highest AUC （0.783）, the difference between the iMELD and MELD was statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. Survival curves showed that the three new models were all clearly discriminated the patients who survived or died in short-term as well as intermediate-term （P 〈 0.001）. CONCLUSION： Three new models, changed with serum sodium （MELD-Na, iMELD, MESO） can exactly predict the prognosis of patients with decompensated cirrhosis for short and intermediate period, and may enhance the prognostic accuracy of MELD. The iMELD is better prognostic model for outcome prediction in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Study on the characteristics of intestinal motility of constipation in patients with Parkinson's disease

BACKGROUND Constipation is one of the most important nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease(PD)patients,and constipation of different severities is closely related to the pathogenesis of PD.PD with constipation(PDC)is considered a unique type of constipation,but its mechanism of formation and factors affecting its severity have been less reported.Understanding the gastrointestinal motility characteristics and constipation classification of PDC patients is essential to guide the treatment of PDC.In this study,the colonic transit test and high-resolution anorectal manometry were used to identify the intestinal motility of PDC to provide a basis for the treatment of PDC.AIM To investigate the clinical classification of PDC,to clarify its characteristics of colonic motility and rectal anal canal pressure,and to provide a basis for further research on the pathogenesis of PDC.METHODS Twenty PDC patients and 20 patients with functional constipation(FC)who were treated at Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from August 6,2018 to December 2,2019 were included.A colonic transit test and high-resolution anorectal manometry were performed to compare the differences in colonic transit time,rectal anal canal pressure,and constipation classification between the two groups.RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in sex,age,body mass index,or duration of constipation between the two groups.It was found that more patients in the PDC group exhibited difficulty in defecating than in the FC group,and the difference was statistically significant.The rectal resting pressure,anal sphincter resting pressure,intrarectal pressure,and anal relaxation rate in the PDC group were significantly lower than those in the FC group.The proportion of paradoxical contractions in the PDC group was significantly higher than that in the FC group.There was a statistically significant difference in the type composition ratio of defecatory disorders between the two groups(P<0.05).The left colonic transit time,rectosigmoid colonic transit time(RSCTT),and total colonic transit time were prolonged in PDC and FC patients compared to normal values.The patients with FC had a significantly longer right colonic transit time and a significantly shorter RSCTT than patients with PDC(P<0.05).Mixed constipation predominated in PDC patients and FC patients,and no significant difference was observed.CONCLUSION Patients with PDC and FC have severe functional dysmotility of the colon and rectum,but there are certain differences in segmental colonic transit time and rectal anal canal pressure between the two groups.

Factors Influencing Bacterial Canker Disease of Kiwifruit and the Control Countermeasures

Survey was conducted to investigate the occurrence laws of bacterial canker disease of kiwifruits in Liupanshui area, Guizhou Province, and the patho- gens and hazard symptoms of the canker disease were introduced. The results showed that the factors influencing the occurrence of bacterial canker disease of ki- wifruit were identified as inter-species resistance, agronomic traits, meteorological and ecological conditions, cultivation and management techniques and fertilization levels. Techniques for the comprehensive control of kiwi canker disease were stated, and control suggestions were proposed.

Effects of Different Times of Bagging on Fruit Quality and Disease and Pest Incidence of Fuji Apple

The effects of bagging at different times in Mengyin area on the fruit quality and disease and pest incidence of Huimin short-cut Fuji apple were investigated,with unbagged fruit as the control. The results showed that among the apples bagged on May 5,May 15,May 25,June 2 and June 12,the single fruit weight and fruit shape index of the apples bagged on June 2 were highest,308. 1 g and 0. 868,respectively; the peeled harness of the apples bagged during May 5-25 was higher than that of the control; the peeled harness of the apples bagged on June 2 and June 12 was lower than that of the control; the soluble solids content of bagged fruit was lower than that of unbagged ones,and no significant differences were found among different treatments; the coloring index of the apples bagged on June 2 was up to 100%; the smooth finish index of the apples bagged on May 5 reached 96. 67%,the highest; the red chromatic value( a*) of bagged fruit was higher than that of unbagged ones,and there were no significant differences among different bagging treatments. The earlier the bagging was,the higher the incidence of black spot and bitter pit was. The incidence of black spot and bitter pit in bagged fruit was higher than that in unbagged ones. In conclusion,in Mengyin area of Shandong Province,bagging is better to be carried out on June 2,45 d after the full bloom.

Assessment of the impact of climate change on the occurrences of malaria,pneumonia,meningitis,and cholera in Lokoja City,Nigeria

This study examined the impact of climate change on the occurrence of malaria,pneumonia,meningitis,and cholera in Lokoja City,Nigeria,with the aim of investigating the spatial distribution and prevalence of the four kinds of diseases as well as the coping strategies of people in the area.We collected the rainfall and temperature data of Lokoja City during 2000-2020 from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA),and the medical records data of the four kinds of diseases from the Kogi State Ministry of Health.We also conducted a semi-structured questionnaire of 250 residents,who have experienced one of these diseases,to investigate their coping strategies with these diseases.The Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to research the relationship between the climate parameters and cases of diseases.The result showed annual variations in climatic parameters with R^(2)values of 0.0557,0.0009,and 0.4915 for rainfall,maximum temperature,and minimum temperature,respectively.A positive and significant relationship were observed between maximum temperature and malaria(r=0.80),rainfall and malaria(r=0.54),minimum temperature and meningitis(r=0.64),as well as rainfall and cholera(r=0.66)at P<0.05 level.For the regression analysis R^(2)=0.71,0.50,and 0.52 for malaria,cholera,and meningitis,respectively at P<0.05 level.During 2000-2020,cases of malaria were highest in Ward A with 15,422,while 715 cases of pneumonia were highest in Kupa North Ward.In Ward A,3787 cases of cholera were recorded to be the highest,while cases of meningitis were highest in Kupa North Ward with 2383 cases.Investigation revealed that malaria is more common in the wet season,while cholera and meningitis cases were highest in the dry season.The study revealed that the most practiced coping strategy is the use of medications by about 90%of the respondents.More studies are recommended in the study area to establish a causal link between climate change and disease occurrence,and intervention from government in form of prevention and control programmes should be vigorously implemented.

Classification of Short Time Series in Early Parkinson’s Disease With Deep Learning of Fuzzy Recurrence Plots

There are many techniques using sensors and wearable devices for detecting and monitoring patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD).A recent development is the utilization of human interaction with computer keyboards for analyzing and identifying motor signs in the early stages of the disease.Current designs for classification of time series of computer-key hold durations recorded from healthy control and PD subjects require the time series of length to be considerably long.With an attempt to avoid discomfort to participants in performing long physical tasks for data recording,this paper introduces the use of fuzzy recurrence plots of very short time series as input data for the machine training and classification with long short-term memory(LSTM)neural networks.Being an original approach that is able to both significantly increase the feature dimensions and provides the property of deterministic dynamical systems of very short time series for information processing carried out by an LSTM layer architecture,fuzzy recurrence plots provide promising results and outperform the direct input of the time series for the classification of healthy control and early PD subjects.

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Remodeling Index in Patients with Hypertensive Heart Disease and Coronary Artery Disease

Left ventricular remodeling index （LVRI） was assessed in patients with hypertensive heart disease （HHD） and coronary artery disease （CAD） by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography （RT3DE）. RT3DE data of 18 patients with HHD, 20 patients with CAD and 22 normal controis （NC） were acquired. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume （EDV） and left ventricular end-diastolic epicardial volume （EDVepi） were detected by RT3DE and two-dimensional echocardiography Simpson biplane method （2DE）. LVRI （left ventricular mass/EDV） was calculated and compared. The results showed that LVRI measurements detected by RT3DE and 2DE showed significant differences inter-groups （P〈0.01）. There was no significant difference in NC group （P〉0.05）, but significant difference in HHD and CAD intra-group （P〈0.05）. There was good positive correlations between LVRI detected by RT3DE and 2DE in NC and HHD groups （t=0.69, P〈0.01; r=0.68, P〈0.01）, but no significant correlation in CAD group （r=0.30, P〉0.05）. It was concluded that LVRI derived from RT3DE as a new index for evaluating left ventricular remodeling can provide more superiority to LVRI derived from 2DE.

Occurrence and Epidemic Dynamics and Control Countermeasures of Important Sugarcane Diseases in Rainy and Humid Season

The rainy and humid season from July to September is the crucial period for elongation and jointing and yield performance of sugarcane,and also a peak occurrence and damage period of many important sugarcane diseases. In order to prevent large-area outbreak of sugarcane diseases and ensure safe growth in late stage,the occurrence dynamics of important sugarcane diseases in the rainy and humid season was analyzed and discussed from the aspects of three epidemic outbreak elements of plant diseases: host plant,pathogen and environmental condition. Moreover,the corresponding control ideas and technical countermeasures were put forward according to the epidemic characteristic of sugarcane diseases and the actual sugarcane production.