In 2012,a lacquer figure was unearthed from the Han dynasty tomb(188 BC-87 BC) at Chengdu Laoguanshan.The lines intaglioed on the Laoguan mountain lacquer figure were similar to the meridians.Objective:To investigate ...In 2012,a lacquer figure was unearthed from the Han dynasty tomb(188 BC-87 BC) at Chengdu Laoguanshan.The lines intaglioed on the Laoguan mountain lacquer figure were similar to the meridians.Objective:To investigate the relationship between the lines on this Laoguanshan lacquer figure and the regular meridians so as to explore the development of meridian system in ancient China.Methods:Based on collecting the photos of the Laoguan mountain lacquer figure and the representative acupuncture classics,the double evidence method(combining the unearthed relics/literature and extant literature) was performed to investigate the relationship between the lines on this Laoguanshan lacquer figure and the regular meridians.Furthermore,the development of regular meridians theory was analyzed from the number,distribution,direction and branches.Results:The routes of the 28 longitudinal white lines on the Laoguan mountain lacquer figure are similar to the regular meridians in the ancient literature including Huángdì Nèijīng 《黄帝内经》 Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic).The number,distribution and branches of the meridians intaglioed on the Laoguanshan lacquer figure suggested the evolution of the regular-meridian system from the eleven-meridian system to the twelve-meridian system.Conclusions:The meridian system of Laoguanshan lacquer figure was a link connecting the preceding and the following.The Laoguanshan lacquer figure played an important role in the development of the early meridian theory.展开更多
Wang Chong was an eminent thinker in the Eastern Han dynasty in China, during which religion was an integral part of day-to-day politics. This religious-political context was similar to that experienced by Lucian in R...Wang Chong was an eminent thinker in the Eastern Han dynasty in China, during which religion was an integral part of day-to-day politics. This religious-political context was similar to that experienced by Lucian in Rome during the second century A.D. By comparing their religious criticisms and personal experiences, this paper uncovers the scale of intellectual liberty during the ancient Han era, a matter of interest and debate among historians. This paper argues that the intellectual liberty that Wang Chong enjoyed was very similar to that experienced by Lucian in ancient Rome as part of the Second Sophistic, and thus, this paper offers insights into the degree of freedom of thought enjoyed by intellectuals of the Eastern Han clynastv in China.展开更多
With the rise of China as an oriental giant in the world,Chinese culture is increasingly valued by Westerners.As one of the top four masterpieces,Romance of the Three Kingdoms is more and more familiar to foreigners.T...With the rise of China as an oriental giant in the world,Chinese culture is increasingly valued by Westerners.As one of the top four masterpieces,Romance of the Three Kingdoms is more and more familiar to foreigners.This paper introduces the his⁃torical background and historical events depicted in the works of LUO Guanzhong,and lists several themes discussed in The Three Kingdoms.LUO Guanzhong holds profound views on human nature and“tao”of heaven.展开更多
Environmental archaeology of archaeological sites on both sides of the Dachang section in the Daning River,the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River,shows that riverbed evolution has a great influence on the distribution ...Environmental archaeology of archaeological sites on both sides of the Dachang section in the Daning River,the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River,shows that riverbed evolution has a great influence on the distribution of archaeological sites during the prehistorical and historical period,and it restricts human activity and the development of ancient culture.Field investigation,dating data,paleocurrent analysis of 100 gravels on the riverbed and archaeological excavation reveal that the riverbed of the Dachang section developed in the Shuangyantang region during the early stage,after about 30 kaBP it shifted westward gradually and reached the present place.Along with the westward shift,the focus of ancient culture changed for several times.In the Western Zhou Dynasty's period,the east riverbank of the Daning River was the main residential area.During the Han Dynasty,along with the westward shift,the living space of ancient people was no longer confined to the east riverbank and the focus of culture moved westward.Then the Zhangjiawan site became the main dwelling district.In the late Han Dynasty, the villages were flooded and the ancients had to immigrate to a high place.Tombs of the Han and the Jin Dynasties outcropped on the flood plain of the east bank because their surface sediments were eroded by several flood events and the westward shift of the riverbed.展开更多
基金Supported by the Youth Project of National Social Science Fund of China:14CKG008the Project of Chengdu Science and Technology:2014-RK00-00078-ZFthe Project of Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine:2014K091。
文摘In 2012,a lacquer figure was unearthed from the Han dynasty tomb(188 BC-87 BC) at Chengdu Laoguanshan.The lines intaglioed on the Laoguan mountain lacquer figure were similar to the meridians.Objective:To investigate the relationship between the lines on this Laoguanshan lacquer figure and the regular meridians so as to explore the development of meridian system in ancient China.Methods:Based on collecting the photos of the Laoguan mountain lacquer figure and the representative acupuncture classics,the double evidence method(combining the unearthed relics/literature and extant literature) was performed to investigate the relationship between the lines on this Laoguanshan lacquer figure and the regular meridians.Furthermore,the development of regular meridians theory was analyzed from the number,distribution,direction and branches.Results:The routes of the 28 longitudinal white lines on the Laoguan mountain lacquer figure are similar to the regular meridians in the ancient literature including Huángdì Nèijīng 《黄帝内经》 Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic).The number,distribution and branches of the meridians intaglioed on the Laoguanshan lacquer figure suggested the evolution of the regular-meridian system from the eleven-meridian system to the twelve-meridian system.Conclusions:The meridian system of Laoguanshan lacquer figure was a link connecting the preceding and the following.The Laoguanshan lacquer figure played an important role in the development of the early meridian theory.
文摘Wang Chong was an eminent thinker in the Eastern Han dynasty in China, during which religion was an integral part of day-to-day politics. This religious-political context was similar to that experienced by Lucian in Rome during the second century A.D. By comparing their religious criticisms and personal experiences, this paper uncovers the scale of intellectual liberty during the ancient Han era, a matter of interest and debate among historians. This paper argues that the intellectual liberty that Wang Chong enjoyed was very similar to that experienced by Lucian in ancient Rome as part of the Second Sophistic, and thus, this paper offers insights into the degree of freedom of thought enjoyed by intellectuals of the Eastern Han clynastv in China.
文摘With the rise of China as an oriental giant in the world,Chinese culture is increasingly valued by Westerners.As one of the top four masterpieces,Romance of the Three Kingdoms is more and more familiar to foreigners.This paper introduces the his⁃torical background and historical events depicted in the works of LUO Guanzhong,and lists several themes discussed in The Three Kingdoms.LUO Guanzhong holds profound views on human nature and“tao”of heaven.
基金Supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.30590383 and 90411015)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40601104)+5 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Ministry of Education of Chinathe Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.20050284011)the Foundation of ImportantBasic Research at Nanjing University(Grant No.0209005206)the Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology from the Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.SKLLQG0503),thePhysical Geography of"985"Itemsthe Test Foundation of Modern AnalysesCenter of Nanjing University(Grant No.0209001309)
文摘Environmental archaeology of archaeological sites on both sides of the Dachang section in the Daning River,the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River,shows that riverbed evolution has a great influence on the distribution of archaeological sites during the prehistorical and historical period,and it restricts human activity and the development of ancient culture.Field investigation,dating data,paleocurrent analysis of 100 gravels on the riverbed and archaeological excavation reveal that the riverbed of the Dachang section developed in the Shuangyantang region during the early stage,after about 30 kaBP it shifted westward gradually and reached the present place.Along with the westward shift,the focus of ancient culture changed for several times.In the Western Zhou Dynasty's period,the east riverbank of the Daning River was the main residential area.During the Han Dynasty,along with the westward shift,the living space of ancient people was no longer confined to the east riverbank and the focus of culture moved westward.Then the Zhangjiawan site became the main dwelling district.In the late Han Dynasty, the villages were flooded and the ancients had to immigrate to a high place.Tombs of the Han and the Jin Dynasties outcropped on the flood plain of the east bank because their surface sediments were eroded by several flood events and the westward shift of the riverbed.
