HHO optimized support vector machine classifier for traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation of diabetic retinopathy

AIM:To develop a classifier for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome differentiation of diabetic retinopathy(DR),using optimized machine learning algorithms,which can provide the basis for TCM objective and intelligent syndrome differentiation.METHODS:Collated data on real-world DR cases were collected.A variety of machine learning methods were used to construct TCM syndrome classification model,and the best performance was selected as the basic model.Genetic Algorithm(GA)was used for feature selection to obtain the optimal feature combination.Harris Hawk Optimization(HHO)was used for parameter optimization,and a classification model based on feature selection and parameter optimization was constructed.The performance of the model was compared with other optimization algorithms.The models were evaluated with accuracy,precision,recall,and F1 score as indicators.RESULTS:Data on 970 cases that met screening requirements were collected.Support Vector Machine(SVM)was the best basic classification model.The accuracy rate of the model was 82.05%,the precision rate was 82.34%,the recall rate was 81.81%,and the F1 value was 81.76%.After GA screening,the optimal feature combination contained 37 feature values,which was consistent with TCM clinical practice.The model based on optimal combination and SVM(GA_SVM)had an accuracy improvement of 1.92%compared to the basic classifier.SVM model based on HHO and GA optimization(HHO_GA_SVM)had the best performance and convergence speed compared with other optimization algorithms.Compared with the basic classification model,the accuracy was improved by 3.51%.CONCLUSION:HHO and GA optimization can improve the model performance of SVM in TCM syndrome differentiation of DR.It provides a new method and research idea for TCM intelligent assisted syndrome differentiation.

Integrative analysis of bone-formation associated genes and immune cell infiltration in osteoporosis, and the prediction of active ingredients in targeted traditional Chinese medicine

Objective To explore the differential expression and mechanisms of bone formation-related genes in osteoporosis(OP)leveraging bioinformatics and machine learning methodologies;and to predict the active ingredients of targeted traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)herbs.Methods The Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)and GeneCards databases were employed to conduct a comprehensive screening of genes and disease-associated loci pertinent to the pathogenesis of OP.The R package was utilized as the analytical tool for the identification of differentially expressed genes.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)logis-tic regression analysis and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination(SVM-RFE)algorithm were employed in defining the genetic signature specific to OP.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses for the selected pivotal genes were conducted.The cell-type identification by estimating rela-tive subsets of RNA transcripts(CIBERSORT)algorithm was leveraged to examine the infiltra-tion patterns of immune cells;with Spearman’s rank correlation analysis utilized to assess the relationship between the expression levels of the genes and the presence of immune cells.Coremine Medical Database was used to screen out potential TCM herbs for the treatment of OP.Comparative Toxicogenomics Database(CTD)was employed for forecasting the TCM ac-tive ingredients targeting the key genes.AutoDock Vina 1.2.2 and GROMACS 2020 softwares were employed to conclude analysis results;facilitating the exploration of binding affinity and conformational dynamics between the TCM active ingredients and their biological targets.Results Ten genes were identified by intersecting the results from the GEO and GeneCards databases.Through the application of LASSO regression and SVM-RFE algorithm;four piv-otal genes were selected:coat protein(CP);kallikrein 3(KLK3);polymeraseγ(POLG);and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4(TRPV4).GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analy-ses revealed that these trait genes were predominantly engaged in the regulation of defense response activation;maintenance of cellular metal ion balance;and the production of chemokine ligand 5.These genes were notably associated with signaling pathways such as ferroptosis;porphyrin metabolism;and base excision repair.Immune infiltration analysis showed that key genes were highly correlated with immune cells.Macrophage M0;M1;M2;and resting dendritic cell were significantly different between groups;and there were signifi-cant differences between different groups(P<0.05).The interaction counts of resveratrol;curcumin;and quercetin with KLK3 were 7;3;and 2;respectively.It shows that the interac-tions of resveratrol;curcumin;and quercetin with KLK3 were substantial.Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations further confirmed the robust binding affinity of these bioactive compounds to the target genes.Conclusion Pivotal genes including CP;KLK3;POLG;and TRPV4;exhibited commendable significant prognostic value;and played a crucial role in the diagnostic assessment of OP.Resveratrol;curcumin;and quercetin;natural compounds found in TCM;showed promise in their potential to effectively modulate the bone-forming gene KLK3.This study provides a sci-entific basis for the interpretation of the pathogenesis of OP and the development of clinical drugs.

Comprehensive regulation of traditional Chinese medicine on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells

Since the diccovery of neural stem cells(NSCs)in the embryonic and adult mammalian central nerous system,it provided novel ideas forneurogenesis as the potential of proliferation and differentiation of NSCs.One of the ways to promote the clinical application of neural stem cells(NSCs)is searching effective methods which regulate the proliferation and differentiation.This is also a problem urgently to be solved in medical field.Plenty of earlier studies have shown that traditional chinese medicine can promote the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs by regulating the related signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro.The reports of Chinese and foreign literatures on regulating the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in recent ten years and their target and signaling pathways is analyzed in this review.The traditional chinese medicine regulate proliferation and differentiation of NSCs by the signaling pathways of Notch,PI3K/Akt,Wnt/β-catenin,and GFs.And,those signaling pathways have cross-talk in the regulation progress.Moreover,some traditional Chinese medicine,such as astragalus,has a variety of active ingredients to regulate proliferation and differentiation of NSCs through different signaling pathways.However,to accelerate the clinical application of neural stem cells,the studies aboutthe proliferation and differentiation of NSCs and Chinese medicine should be further deepened,the mechanism of multiple targets and the comprehensive regulation function of traditional Chinese medicine should be clarified.

Regularity of syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for Henoch-Schonlein purpura based on data mining techniques

Objective:This study aims to explore the regularity of syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for allergic purpura.Methods:CNKI,Weipu Chinese science and technology database,wanfang medical network database,and Chinese biomedical literature database were searched for eligible studies.Medical records including complete patient personal information,patient symptoms,TCM syndromes,treatment,and medication were included.The data was analyzed using the Chinese medicine heritage support platform provided by the Chinese Academy of Chinese medicine(V2.5).Results:Differentiation of health gas camp blood was the most commonly used method of differentiation of symptoms and signs in famous veteran TCM.The treatment included cooling blood,activating blood circulation,clearing heat and detoxifying toxins,removing blood stasis and stopping bleeding.Honeysuckle,Forsythia suspensa,cicada slough and other drugs were interrelated.Potential drug pair combinations and drug networks showed the basic drug composition of Qingying Decoction.According to the entropy cluster analysis,28 core drug combination and 12 new formulations were obtained.Conclusion:The regularity of syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for Henoch-Schonlein purpura based on the famous and old TCM doctors was complex.Further researches are still needed.

The combination of disease and Zheng (syndrome) on the basic of differentiation of six channels:a new pattern of disease diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)was formed two thousand years ago,and developed in the following centuries.TCM has a unique way of looking at health and illness.Zheng(syndrome)is the basic unit and key term in TCM theory.Zheng is the pathological generalization of a certain stage in the development of disease.Treatment based on syndrome differentiation and disease differentiation of TCM is the basic principle to know and treat diseases,and a kind of special method to study diseases in TCM.In Han Dynasty(200 AD),doctor Zhang Zhongjing proposed Liujing Bianzheng(the differential diagnosis in accordance with the theory of six channels)to diagnose and treat diseases in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases.In other words,he divided diseases into six channels diseases based on patient's Zhengs.Six channels diseases almost include all of the disease according to his classification standards.In addition,there are development rules in the progress of six channels diseases.Therefore,we hypothesized that combination of six channels disease and Zheng on the basic of differentiation of six channels is a new pattern of diagnosis and treatment diseases in TCM,which is beneficial to the understanding of a certain disease and makes disease treatment more convenient,fast and effective.

Analyzing the Causes of Spatial Differentiation of the Traditional Villages in Gansu Province, Western China

The study and protection for traditional villages are very important for us to protect Chinese historical and cultural heritage. Data show that under the condition of rapid urbanization. The number and coverage of traditional villages in western China are decreasing. It is impossible to effectively protect a large number of rural settlements at the bottom of China’s traditional settlement system. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the spatial survival status of traditional villages and protect them comprehensively and extensively. Using the digital elevation model (DEM) data of traditional villages in Gansu Province, China, published by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development and the attribute data obtained by the Statistics Bureau of Gansu Province, China, the nuclear density, the Mulan indices, the correlations between the heights and the centers are calculated and used to study the spatial different characteristics of the villages, and a number of results have been achieved: 1) In spatial differentiation, the spatial agglomeration of the villages is obvious and different, which can be seen by the distribution of the villages from along the upper reaches of the Yellow River to the southeast, and the distribution of prefecture-level cities is related to the landforms. 2) In vertical spatial distribution, the span of the altitude data is large. Among the villages, the Zagana Village in Diebu County of Gannan City is the highest and the Zhengjiashe Village in Bingkou Town of Longnan City is the lowest. With the increase of altitude, the number of traditional villages generally shows a tendency of decrease. 3) The spatial differentiation of the traditional villages has a clear normal distribution with the elevation, and the spatial differentiation is low, showing a distinct gourd-like structure;the eastern and southern regions are more concentrated, while the northern and western regions are less concentrated. 4) The spatial differences of the traditional villages have the characteristics of regional differences, which are weakly related to the distance between the central cities and occur mainly in the Longnan mountain regions, the Loess Plateau in the middle of Longzhong and the Gannan plateau. The results of this study are a useful support in protection of traditional villages in provincial scale. It helps to enhance the integrity and systematicness of the protection of the spatial distribution of traditionally villages. The Chinese government had put forward the “Poverty alleviation strategy” to help Gansu Province to get out of the villages’ trouble. Viewed from this angle, the research for effective patterns of traditional villages’ protection and exploitation plays a crucial role in the development of China’s “Poverty Alleviation Strategy”.

Study on the Correlation between Syndrome Differentiation of Malignant Pleural Effusion Treated by External Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunohistochemistry of Biopsy Tissue Based on Medical Video-assisted Thoracoscope

Objective:Guided by the theory of syndrome differentiation of yin and yang in traditional Chinese medicine surgery,through visual observation of internal medicine thoracoscope,comprehensive observation of pleural cavity and immunohistochemistry of biopsy tissue,to classify malignant pleural effusion according to syndrome differentiation,and to explore the scientific nature of its theory.Methods:From March 1,2014 to February 28,2015,40 cases of malignant pleural effusion were treated in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University.According to the proposed TCM diagnostic criteria for yin and yang syndrome differentiation,and collect age,gender,course of disease,clinical symptoms,tumor primary focus,histomorphological manifestations and immunohistochemical results and other related information,and carry out statistical data processing.Results:The positive syndrome was mainly metastatic lung adenocarcinoma,which accounted for the majority of all MPE cases,up to 75%.The immunohistochemical results of biopsy tissues were mainly CEA and TTF-1 positive;While pleural effusion caused by pleural mesothelioma was the main type of yin syndrome,and the results of immunohistochemistry combined with biopsy were mainly positive for D2-40,Calretinin,WT-1 and CK5/6.Conclusion:TCM syndrome differentiation of MPE based on internal thoracoscopy combined with biopsy immunohistochemical results has sufficient theoretical basis and certain scientific nature,and further clinical research is needed to verify its effectiveness and practicability in the future.

Structural and functional characteristics of microbiota in oropharynx of sub-healthy children with gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome differentiated by traditional Chinese medicine

Objective:To explore the structural and functional characteristics of microbiota in oropharynx of subhealthy children with gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome(GHRS)differentiated by traditional Chinese medicine,and screen the biometric operational taxonomic units(OTUs)to assist the clinical diagnosis.Methods:We recruited children according to the“GHRS diagnostic scale”,collected their oropharyngeal swabs,and sequenced the 16 SrDNA V4 region.We described the bacterial structure with alpha-indexes,beta-distances,and relative abundances;moreover,we screened the differential genera/OTUs with Wilcoxon rank-sum test,Metagenome Seq analysis,and linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEf Se)analysis,in which biometric OTUs were selected to construct the receiver operating characteristic curve to verify the diagnostic value.The bacterial function was predicted with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways according to 16S rDNA gene by using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States.Results:The study population was composed of 10 children with GHRS and 10 healthy control children.GHRS children were more likely to overeat(gluttony,P=.033).Alpha-indexes,such as Sobs,abundancebased coverage estimator,Bootstrap,and Qstat,were significantly higher in the GHRS group,while betadistances did not exhibit any significant intergroup differences.There were 9 differently distributed nonpredominant genera between the groups in Wilcoxon rank-sum test,as well as 13 non-predominant genera in Metagenome Seq analysis and 3 non-predominant OTUs in LEfSe analysis.OTU44 and OTU196 were used to construct the receiver operating characteristic curve,and the area under curve was 0.92.Predicted functions showed that pathways related to oxidative phosphorylation and carbon metabolism were enriched in healthy control samples,while the pathway related to renin secretion was remarkably enriched in GHRS samples.Conclusion:Unique oropharyngeal microbial structure and function were identified in GHRS children.OTU44 and OTU196 were specific OTUs,which could be used as biomarkers of GHRS to assist clinical diagnosis.

The influence of ancient poetry on Chinese traditional culture

China traditional culture, our culture, the root of all the children of the Yellow Emperor. Ancient poetry, the essence of traditional Chinese culture, but also the world’s cultural and artistic treasure house of a bright pearl. Chinese culture has a long history, broad and profound, poetry is always the highbrow type of aesthetic elegant, attracted many devout followers, especially those in the thoughts and feelings, wisdom and creativity in a famous through the ages, although after thousands of years of vicissitudes of life still shine, while dancing alone in the modern civilization and tired of noisy. Never forgotten.

Traditional Chinese Medicinal Syndromes and Treatment in Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer remains the third most common malignancy worldwide. According to the principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), colorectal cancer is related to spleen-deficiency, damp-heat, and toxicity accumulation. Traditional Chinese medicine has been confirmed to effectively reduce toxic side effects and enhance curative effects of chemotherapy, palliate clinical syndrome, prevent recurrence and metastasis, improve quality of life and immune function, and prolong survival time in colorectal cancer. However, TCM theoretical and syndrome differentiation study has lagged far behind due to progression of therapy model in colorectal cancer. As a type of drug treatment, there are some common biological basis between chemotherapy, targeted therapy and anti-cancer herb therapy in colorectal cancer, such as apoptosis, cell senescence and autophagy. There are growing needs to explore the effect mechanism and compatibility of anti-cancer herbs, to further enhance the efficacy of TCM treatment in colorectal cancer.

Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 on neural differentiation of stem cells offer new hope for neurological disease treatment

Stem cell transplantation has brought new hope for the treatment of neurological diseases.The key to stem cell therapy lies in inducing the specific differentiation of stem cells into nerve cells.Because the differentiation of stem cells in vitro and in vivo is affected by multiple factors,the final differentiation outcome is strongly associated with the microenvironment in which the stem cells are located.Accordingly,the optimal microenvironment for inducing stem cell differentiation is a hot topic.EGb761 is extracted from the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree.It is used worldwide and is becoming one of the focuses of stem cell research.Studies have shown that EGb761 can antagonize oxygen free radicals,stabilize cell membranes,promote neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,increase the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factors,and replicate the environment required during the differentiation of stem cells into nerve cells.This offers the possibility of using EGb761 to induce the differentiation of stem cells,facilitating stem cell transplantation.To provide a comprehensive reference for the future application of EGb761 in stem cell therapy,we reviewed studies investigating the influence of EGb761 on stem cells.These started with the composition and neuropharmacology of EGb761,and eventually led to the finding that EGb761 and some of its important components play important roles in the differentiation of stem cells and the protection of a beneficial microenvironment for stem cell transplantation.

Traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of chronic hepatitis B with precore mutant

ABM: This study aims at exploring the distribution of TCM syndromes in CHB patients with HBV pre-core mutation (1896) and the relationship between pre-core mutation and T lymphocytes subgroup, through which to provide objective data on clinical syndrome differentiation of TCM, and further to suggest the therapeutic principle and guide clinical treatment. METHODS: One hundred and forty CHB patients were evenly divided into two study groups, HBV pre-core mutant group and HBV pre-core wild-type group. Besides, 30 healthy blood donors were selected as a healthy control group. HBV-labeled compound, T lymphocytes subgroup, and HBV-DNA pre-core mutant were tested in the study groups. T lymphocytes subgroup were also tested in the control group. All the patients were both diagnosed by syndrome differentiation of TCM and western medicine. RESULTS: The most common syndrome in mutant group was damp-heat combined with blood stasis, and the most common syndrome in the wild-type group was damp-heat stasis in the middle-jiao. There were more cases of medium and severe hepatitis in mutant group than that in wild-type group. The content of CD4+ lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were decreased gradually (healthy control group>wild-type group>mutant group). In the wild-type group, severe and medium CHB patients had considerably lower level of them than mild CHB patients. However, in the mutant group, the opposite result appeared. Meanwhile, the content of HBV-DNA in mutant group was higher than that in wild-type group. CONCLUSION: Damp, heat, toxin and blood stasis were the basic pathogens of CHB, whether pre-core mutant or not. CHB with precore mutant may lead to more severe hepatitis. The decreased content of CD4+ lymphocytes and ratio of CD4+/CD8+ may be taken as one of the indices in confirming the deficiency syndrome of CHB patients with pre-core mutation.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Automated Diagnosis Based on Knowledge Graph Reasoning

Syndrome differentiation is the core diagnosis method of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).We propose a method that simulates syndrome differentiation through deductive reasoning on a knowledge graph to achieve automated diagnosis in TCM.We analyze the reasoning path patterns from symptom to syndromes on the knowledge graph.There are two kinds of path patterns in the knowledge graph:one-hop and two-hop.The one-hop path pattern maps the symptom to syndromes immediately.The two-hop path pattern maps the symptom to syndromes through the nature of disease,etiology,and pathomechanism to support the diagnostic reasoning.Considering the different support strengths for the knowledge paths in reasoning,we design a dynamic weight mechanism.We utilize Naïve Bayes and TF-IDF to implement the reasoning method and the weighted score calculation.The proposed method reasons the syndrome results by calculating the possibility according to the weighted score of the path in the knowledge graph based on the reasoning path patterns.We evaluate the method with clinical records and clinical practice in hospitals.The preliminary results suggest that the method achieves high performance and can help TCM doctors make better diagnosis decisions in practice.Meanwhile,the method is robust and explainable under the guide of the knowledge graph.It could help TCM physicians,especially primary physicians in rural areas,and provide clinical decision support in clinical practice.

Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing protocols for colorectal polyps

Colorectal polyps are thought to be the potential precursors to colorectal cancer(CRC).Endoscopic removal of these polyps is conductive to decreasing the risk of deaths due to CRC,but for some complex colorectal polyps,they have to be resected surgically instead of endoscopic removal.However,surgical excision is associated with higher morbidity and mortality.Recently,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has shown a better therapeutic effect on improving the quality of life and reducing the recurrence in patients with colorectal polyps.Therefore,this article primarily investigated the key points of common syndromes,TCM nursing methods and healthy guidance of colorectal polyps,aiming at maintaining and developing the strengths of TCM,improving its efficacy and standardizing its behavior.

Traditional Chinese medicine nursing protocols for herpes zoster

Herpes zoster is a viral infection caused by the reactivation of endogenous latent varicella zoster virus resulting in varicella,characterized by pain and vesicles in the restricted dermatomal distribution that occurs along the nerves w ith dormant virus. Postherpetic neuralgia( PHN) is the most common sequela of herpes zoster,occurs or persists after the rash has resolved. It is currently recognized that both herpes zoster and PHN have a substantial impact on the patients' quality of life and daily activities. In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine( TCM)has show n a certain effect in the treatment of herpes zoster. This article mainly explored the key points of common syndromes,TCM nursing methods and health guidance of herpes zoster in order to further develop the advantages of TCM,improve its efficacy and standardize its nursing behavior.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing Protocols for Wheezing Disease(Bronchial Asthma)

Wheezing disease( bronchial asthma) is a common but refractory disease among pulmonary diseases. It tends to attack repeatedly,and is difficult to be cured. In recent years,some studies have shown that effective traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) nursing interventions on the wheezing disease can significantly ameliorate the treatment compliance of patients,reduce the attack and improve the quality of life. Therefore,it is important for patients with different patterns of syndrome to receive effective and reasonable TCMnursing intervention. This article mainly explored the key points of common syndromes,TCMnursing methods and health guidance of wheezing disease in order to further develop the advantages of TCM,improve its efficacy and standardized its nursing behavior.

Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing protocols for psoriasis vulgaris（英文）

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a spectrum of clinical phenotypes including psoriasis vulgaris, pustular psoriasis, guttate psoriasis and erythrodermic psoriasis, in which psoriasis vulgaris is most common. In recent years, Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) has attracted widespread attention in the treatment of psoriasis because of better efficacy and a lower incidence of adverse reactions. In TCM, psoriasis is considered to be caused by blood heat and the stagnation of Qi and blood. This article primarily investigated the key points of common syndromes, TCM nursing methods and healthy guidance of psoriasis vulgaris, aiming at maintaining and developing the strengths of TCM, improving its efficacy and standardizing its behavior.

Ophthalmic Syndrome Differentiation System and Digital Chinese Medicine

In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),ophthalmic syndrome differentiation is an ophthalmology-specific method for identifying syndromes based on the“Five Orbiculi”theory.It was devised by Professor Qing-Hua PENG through an unprecedented combination of syndrome element differentiation and ophthalmic clinical practices,based on the Clinical Terminology of Chinese Medical Diagnosis and Treatment-Syndromes of the National Standards of the People's Republic of China.This approach integrates an ophthalmic syndrome differentiation system with digital Chinese medicine(DCM),and proposes the extraction of syndrome elements of ophthalmic diseases from research on DCM.These elements are then quantified and organized to form a model of digital diagnosis and treatment specific to ophthalmology,which should help to achieve synergistic development of the ophthalmic syndrome differentiation system and DCM.

Nursing Based on Syndrome Differentiation Combined with Auricular Plaster Therapy in Alleviating Insomnia

Objective:To observe the effect of auricular point pressing combined with nursing based on syndrome differentiation in the treatment of insomnia patients.Methods:Totally 92 patients with insomnia were randomly divided into the observation groupgiven auricular point pressing combined with nursing care based on syndrome differentiation and the control group treated with auricular point pressing alone.The improvement of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),TCM Syndrome Score and nursing satisfaction were compared between the 2 groups.Results:The time effect of PSQI total score and 6 factors in both groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).The time effect,interaction effect and inter-group effect of subjective sleep quality,PSQI total score were statistically significant(P<0.05);the 4 inter-group factors of sleep quality,sleep latency,sleep duration and daytime function were statistically significant(P<0.05).The total score of TCM syndromes in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the satisfaction rate in the observation group higher than that in the control group(80.43%vs.60.86%,P<0.05).Conclusion:Auricular point pressing combined withnursing based on syndrome differentiation can effectively improve the sleep quality of insomnia patients,and has significant advantages in improving TCM syndromes,as well as gained higher nursing satisfaction from patients.

Quantitative and Qualitative Investigation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing Protocols for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective:To analyze the implementation status of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)nursing protocols for type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:Totally 420 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were given TCM nursing protocols by syndrome differentiation.A quantitative and qualitative investigation was conducted to patients who received TCM nursing and nurses who performed TCM nursing techniques.Results:According to the self-evaluation outcomes of patients,TCM nursing protocols were effective to relieve polydipsia,polyuria,fatigue and other symptoms.Patients exhibited a high level of compliance with nursing techniques such as auricular point pressing,acupoint massage,Chinese herbal foot-bath and moxibustion.The interview showed that patients could benefit from the TCM nursing protocols,and nurses considered that application of TCM nursing protocols could enhance their awareness of TCM knowledge and practice skills.Conclusion:The application of TCM nursing protocols is effective to relieve clinical symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus.It can also improve the knowledge level and practice skills of nurses in TCM hospitals.