On the Employment Structure and Transfer Characteristics of Rural Laborers in He'nan Province

He’nan is a populous province in China, in which a large number of rural laborers are one of the important factors affecting social and economic development of He’nan Province. However, the employment structure and transfer characteristics of rural laborers have important effect on regional industrial structure. Applying shiftshare method（ SSM） which is often used in analyzing the characteristics of industrial structure to the structure analysis of the labour force can better show the characteristics of labor employment and transfer, thereby providing some reference for the development of regional social economy. The results showed that the transfer of rural laborers in He’nan Province still showed the typical characteristics of traditional agricultural province; the basic advantages of agricultural employment of rural laborers have gradually weakened, while the competitive advantages of the industry, the building industry, and the wholesale ＆ retail trade and catering service industry gradually became obvious, at the same time, there were differences in the deviation of departments among different regions of He’nan Province.

Impact of Labor Transfer on Agricultural Land Use Conversion at Rural Household Level Based on Logit Model

Since land and labor force are primary resources to be used and controlled by rural households, the allocation of labor forces will influence land uses, and further lead to land use conversion. The present study used the Binary Logit model to investigate the influence of labor force transfer, characteristics of rural households, location, and land market on agricultural land use conversion at rural household level. This study was conducted based on 329 valid questionnaires, which were obtained in Changshu, Rudong, and Tongshan counties, respectively representing the southern, middle and northern areas of Jiangsu Province. The results showed that land market participation, location, zonal difference and labor transfer had strong influences on agricultural land use conversion. The participation of land market had a strong positive effect on land use conversion, especially for the farmland converted to the fishpond. The nearer to the county seat, the more conversion of land use occurred. Particularly, the labor force transfer caused by wage employment decreased this conversion probability, while the labor transfer caused by self-employment led to more conversion; and the increasing of income from labor transfer increased the conversion. Moreover, land use con- versions demonstrated zonal difference, which were more in Rudong and Changshu counties than in Tongshan County, and the factors influencing this conversion were different in the three regions.

Empirical Study on the Impact of Rural Labor Force Flow on the Price of Agricultural Products——A Method Based on VEC Model

Based on the research introduction of domestic and foreign scholars,dynamic equilibrium between the rural labor force flow and the price of agricultural product is analyzed by VEC model,according to the data of the rural labor force flow and the price of agricultural products in the years 1990-2007.Chows breakpoint test is used to measure the stage characteristics of the impact of rural labor force flow on the price of agricultural product.Result shows that there is a long-term and stationary relationship between the flow quantity of rural labor force and the price of agricultural product.Rural labor force flow,as an exogenous force,affects the agricultural production,and further influences the price fluctuation of agricultural products.Impact of rural labor force flow on the price of agricultural product is from weak to strong,then grows gradually weaker,and reaches its peak value at the year 1998.With the development of rural society and economy and the market process,rural labor force flow endogenously affects the price of agricultural product,which has periodic characteristics.In order to achieve a dual stabilization of the rural labor force flow and the price of agricultural products,the following countermeasures are put forward:vigorously developing vocational education,increasing the support for agricultural production,and making active employment measures.

Problems in the Transfer of Rural Surplus Labor Force in Chengdu Plain——A Empirical Analysis of Xiyu Village,Gexianshan Town,China

Under the new situation of the coordination of rural and urban development,the employment and transfer of surplus labor force have become the major social problems in China.Based on the field investigation on Xiyu Village of Gexianshan Town in Pengzhou City,the surplus labor force and the absorptive capacity of non-agricultural industries are estimated by using per capita cultivated method and output value absorption method.Based on this,the transfer pattern of surplus labor force is generalized and the corresponding suggestions for transfer are put forward.

A Study on the Transfer of Rural Surplus Labor in Nyingchi City

This paper studies the surplus labor transfer in Nyingchi City,obtains the first-hand information of the surplus labor transfer through the typical survey,and analyzes the current situation and characteristics of surplus labor transfer. From " transfer channel", " transfer industry" and " transfer space",this paper analyzes the factors affecting the transfer of local surplus farming and animal husbandry labor,discusses the obstacles to surplus farming and animal husbandry labor in Nyingchi City,and finally makes some recommendations for the transfer of rural surplus labor in Nyingchi City.

Demand,Supply and Surplus of Agricultural Labor Force in China

China's economy enjoys the prominent characteristics of a dual structure,with a severe surplus in the agricultural labor force.Scholars in China and overseas have conducted extensive research on the issue of labor surplus and have developed estimates on the size and percentage of surplus labor.The results,however,vary considerably due to the differences in methods and data sources.Based on existing research and using the National Agricultural Costs and Returns Compilation as the data source,this paper proposes that the size of the agricultural surplus labor force is only 8,520,000 persons,accounting for 2.1% of the total rural labor force.

Agricultural Machinery Input,Labor Resource Allocation,and Rural Household Land Transfers

This paper explores the impact of agricultural machinery input on rural households’land transfers,which is conducive to the acceleration of agricultural modernization,agricultural production at scale,and rural revitalization.By using the micro-data on rural households(2014–2018)from China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),we made an empirical analysis of the impact of agricultural machinery input on land transfers and drew three conclusions.First,agricultural machinery input has a positive impact on land transfers,which means the more rural households invest in agricultural machinery,the more willing they are to participate in land transfers.Second,the impact of agricultural machinery input on land transfers is mainly exerted by adjusting the allocation of labor resources for rural households,or rather by increasing the number of farmers engaged in agriculture and reducing the number of farmers-turned traders and workers to facilitate land transfers.Third,the impact of agricultural machinery input on land transfers concerns both the positive transfers-in and the negative transfers-out,and such an impact stays stable across income groups.Accordingly,we should further increase agricultural machinery-related subsidies,improve the agricultural machinery service outsourcing market,and help rural households to reasonably allocate their labor resource endowments and invest in agricultural machinery to increase land transfers.

The relationship between rural surplus labor transfer,urbanization and income gap

Based on the time series data of Shandong province from 2001 to 2018,a VAR model consisting of three variables,namely,rural surplus labor transfer,urbanization and urban-rural income gap,was constructed,and the interaction among the three variables and their characteristics were empirically analyzed.The results show that urbanization and rural surplus labor transfer are Granger causation to each other,and there is a positive correlation between urban-rural income gap and rural surplus labor force in long-term equilibrium,while there is a negative correlation between urban-rural income gap and rural surplus labor force transfer.Therefore,it is necessary to fully recognize the relationship between the transfer of rural surplus labor,urbanization and urban-rural income gap,accelerate the urbanization construction,promote the rural surplus labor to gather in cities,and gradually narrow the urban-rural income gap.

A Two-Sector Economic Growth Model with Labor Force Transfer

In this paper, a two\|sector growth model is given. The labor force transfer process from agricultural sector to industrial sector is exogenous determined. By introducing the labor force transferring function, a two\|dimension nonautonomous differential equation is obtained. The results of the model manifest that the labor force transfer delays industrial sector growth and accelerates the agricultural sector growth. It is proved that the solution of the model is asymptotic stable. By the numerical analysis, the economic growth and labor force transfer is presented under the specific parameters.

Measurement of Surplus Labor in Viet Nam Agriculture

The large shift of surplus labor from agriculture to industry and services is seen in many countries around the world as well as in Vietnam in the process of industrialization and modernization of the country that has set questions about the sustainability of rural surplus labor： is there still a source of surplus labor in rural areas？ If so, how large is the source of surplus labor and how long it can be lasting？ These questions were hotly debated in the literature abroad. But in Vietnam there is very little or hardly exchanged opinions about the concepts and methods of measurement of surplus labor in general and surplus labor in agriculture in particular. This article refers to the measurement approach of surplus labor in agriculture in Vietnam.

Impact of Agricultural Labor Transfer on Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution: A Case Study of Jiangxi, China

A large proportion of the rural labor force in China will continue to transfer to non-agricultural sectors in the near future, which will inevitably lead to the transformation of the agricultural production mode and the structure of the farmers’ livelihood. The Chinese government is making great efforts to govern agricultural nonpoint source pollution(ANSP), and farmers’ environmental behavior is a key factor that must be considered in the formulation of agricultural environmental policies. Based on a set of micro survey data on farmers in the study area and econometric methods, this study investigates the impact of agricultural labor transfer on ANSP by considering the substitution effect of agricultural factors and the effect of agricultural economies of scale. The results show that the increase of the agricultural labor force will not be conducive to reducing ANSP, while the income increase brought by agricultural labor transfer will improve the input structure of agricultural factors and have a positive impact on ANSP reduction. Government departments should provide subsidies or incentive measures to help agricultural social service organizations to expand their coverage and increase the frequency of socialized agricultural services, in order to guide farmers in the use of environment-friendly agricultural technology to reduce the ANSP caused by agricultural factors at the source. Furthermore, it is necessary to facilitate the development of small-sized agricultural machinery suitable for small-area land cultivation.

社会保障参与有助于农村土地流转吗?——基于劳动力转移的中介效应

随着我国城乡社会保障制度逐步完善,农民对土地的依赖得到缓解,农村劳动力非农就业比例提高,农村土地流转供给不断增加。基于中国家庭追踪调查2012—2018年数据,构建了双重固定效应模型,旨在考察社会保障参与对农村土地流转的影响,同时分析了劳动力转移的中介效应。研究结果表明:参与新型农村养老保险对农村土地转出具有显著影响;参与新型农村合作医疗保险对于农村土地转出的影响并不显著,但是显著抑制农村土地转入;劳动力转移在新型农村养老保险对农村土地转出的影响中发挥着中介作用,在新型农村合作医疗对农村土地流转影响中发挥的中介效应不明显。

“大国小农”背景下中国农业现代化之路——兼论培育农业领域新质生产力的内在逻辑与实现路径

农业领域新质生产力的提出是新质生产力理论在当代农业实践中的遵循与延伸,符合农业生产的客观规律,它将生产力理论的经典构架与现代农业的发展趋势相结合,形成了生产力理论体系的新维度。培育和发展农业领域新质生产力能够有效提升农业劳动力素质、应对农业经营规模受限导致的相关问题并引领农业现代化进程。农业领域新质生产力主要通过科技创新、劳动力素质提升和农业经营体制创新三个维度加快农业现代化进程。当前,农业领域新质生产力的培育和发展主要面临关键技术研发滞后、数字应用场景不足及高素质农业人才缺乏等问题。为此,可通过完善现代化农业大数据体系、培育数字“新农人”专业队伍等措施积极培育农业领域新质生产力,进而推动我国农业的可持续发展并增强国际竞争力。

农业新质生产力对城乡收入差距的影响研究

通过采用2013-2022年中国30个省级行政单位的面板数据,基于固定效应模型、中介效应模型和调节效应模型,实证检验了农业新质生产力对城乡收入差距的影响,并验证了农业劳动生产率和农业市场化水平在影响过程中的中介机制和调节机制。研究结果显示:农业新质生产力的发展能够显著缩小城乡收入差距;通过区域异质性检验,发现农业新质生产力对缩小城乡收入差距的作用效果在西部地区最为明显。通过中介机制检验,发现农业新质生产力能够通过农业劳动生产率缩小城乡收入差距,农业劳动生产率的中介效应显著;由调节机制分析发现,农业市场化对农业新质生产力缩小城乡收入差距具有正向调节作用。根据研究结果,提出加大对农业科技研发的投入力度,推动农业生产方式的转型升级,持续加强农业科技人才培养与引进机制建设,强化政策引导和扶持等着力培育农业新质生产力;注重因地制宜,充分发挥农业新质生产力所带来的农业劳动生产率增长效应;加强农业市场化发展,推动农业市场化水平的提升,进一步缩小城乡收入差距的政策建议。

“社区送工”:易地搬迁弱劳动力就业扶持的实践创新 ——以广西A县Z城镇化安置社区为例

就业是巩固拓展易地搬迁脱贫攻坚成果的关键。易地搬迁弱劳动力长期从事农业,年龄偏大、文化水平低、缺少务工技能,无法适应城镇非农就业。为此,把农业就业作为化解城镇化安置的易地搬迁弱劳动力就业困境的突破口,论述易地搬迁弱劳动力农业就业的现实基础。基于广西A县Z城镇化安置社区案例,提出并阐述“社区送工”易地搬迁弱劳动力农业就业的运行逻辑和实践成效。具体而言,地方政府引领农业园区化发展,安置社区向农业园区组织化输送易地搬迁弱劳动力,易地搬迁弱劳动力在农业就业中建立稳固的利益联结。“社区送工”基于市场供求关系把易地搬迁弱劳动力与乡村产业振兴的劳动力需求有效衔接,既能持续巩固易地搬迁脱贫攻坚成果,也创新出“劳动力下乡”的城乡融合发展方式。

劳动力转移对粮食生产韧性的影响研究--基于中国粮食主产区的实证

粮食安全是“国之大者”,随着农业劳动力大量转移,粮食生产韧性是否受到影响及受到的影响有多大,已成为新时期的重要议题。基于中国粮食主产区2010-2022年省域面板数据,通过构建主产区粮食生产韧性的综合指标体系,首先使用熵权与变异系数综合赋权法对其进行测度,其次选用固定效应模型实证检验农业劳动力转移对粮食生产韧性影响的内在逻辑。研究发现:农业劳动力转移有助于主产区粮食生产韧性的提升,且对粮食生产韧性的促进效应在较长时间序列上均稳健成立。具体而言,农业劳动力转移每增加1%,主产区粮食生产韧性水平将会平均增加1.712 0%。研究还发现,北方和南方主产区农业劳动力转移影响粮食生产韧性水平存在明显异质性,北方主产区的提升作用更为显著。因此,进一步引导农业劳动力非农转移推动区域粮食生产韧性水平提升,是新时期保障我国粮食安全的有效途径。

湖北省县域粮劳变化耦合模式与乡村发展类型

利用湖北省2003—2017年81个县域的粮食产量和农业劳动力数据,运用粮劳弹性系数模型方法,分析了湖北省粮劳时空变化特征及对应耦合模式。结果表明,2003—2017年湖北省粮食生产整体呈现稳中有增态势,呈“中高周低”“中增周减”空间特征,高产区集中在鄂西北中部与江汉平原南部;农业劳动力总量持续减少,呈“东多西少”“东增西减”空间特征,密集区集中在江汉平原东部和鄂东北丘陵西部。2003—2017年湖北省最典型的粮劳耦合变化模式为粮增劳减型(60.49%),其次为粮劳同减型(23.46%)和粮劳同增型(11.11%),粮减劳增型占比最低(4.94%)。受地理条件和农业政策的影响,湖北省乡村发展类型呈现多样化并存的格局:中部多分布外延扩张型和农业现代化型县域,东部和西部多分布产业转移型和种养一体化型县域;2010年前后两时段县域乡村发展类型转换较为复杂,维持不变相对较少。

土地流转与劳动力转移的要素互动对城乡收入差距的影响

要素流动对于破解城乡融合发展难题,建立均衡增长和良性循环的城乡关系具有重要影响。基于2005—2020年31个省级宏观面板数据,考察土地制度综合配套改革下土地流转与劳动力转移的互动关系及对城乡收入差距的影响与作用机制。研究发现:土地流转与劳动力转移之间具有显著的正向互动效应。土地流转与劳动力转移的互动有助于缩小城乡收入差距。土地流转与劳动力转移的互动,通过促进城市化水平、提高产业高级化程度,间接缩小城乡收入差距。此外,土地流转与劳动力转移的互动对城乡收入差距的影响具有异质性,对工资性收入差距存在显著的负向影响。为进一步缩小城乡收入差距,需要推动土地和户籍制度联动改革,扩大人地要素的权利开放程度,强化城乡土地、劳动力要素的流动性,完善土地流转和劳动力市场,引导农村转移劳动力参与土地流转。

劳动力转移、农业机械权属与农户生产效率

基于中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)数据,使用随机前沿分析法测算农户生产效率,运用Tobit模型检验家庭劳动力转移对农户生产效率的影响,并进一步分析农业机械权属在两者之间的调节作用。研究发现:家庭劳动力转移对农户生产效率的制约作用显著,使用农业机械会显著提高农户生产效率,但农业机械自有比农业机械租借在缓解劳动力转移对农户生产效率不利方面更具积极作用。因此,政府应引导农民购置使用先进适用的农业机械,创新补贴资金使用与管理方式,提升农民购机用机能力。

数字新质生产力对农业农村现代化的影响:指标体系构建与影响效应检验

作为新质生产力的重要组成部分,数字新质生产力已成为农业农村现代化发展的驱动因素。文章从理论层面阐述了数字新质生产力对农业农村现代化的影响效应以及作用机制,并基于2012—2022年我国31个省份的面板数据进行实证检验。结果表明:数字新质生产力对农业农村现代化具有显著的正向影响,且这一影响在经过稳健性与内生性检验后仍成立;中介效应检验结果表明,数字新质生产力对农业农村现代化的促进作用存在基于劳动力配置和资本配置的中介效应,即数字新质生产力能够通过优化劳动力配置和资本配置赋能农业农村现代化;异质性检验结果显示,数字新质生产力对城镇化水平较高地区以及东部地区农业农村现代化的推动作用更显著。