Optimization of SSR Reaction System for Identifying the Authenticity of Maize Hybrids

[Objective]The aim was to optimize SSR reaction system applied in the identification of authenticity of maize variety.[Method]The technical parameters of SSR including PCR reaction system,annealing temperature and electrophoresis time were optimized to identify 10 major maize varieties in Liaoning Province.[Result]The optimum PCR reaction system was：14.60 μl sterile ultrapure water,2.00 μl 10 × Buffer（Mg2＋）,1.20 μl dNTPs,0.20 μl Taq enzyme,0.50 μl each of the forward and reverse primers and1.00 μl DNA stock solution.Annealing temperature and electrophoresis time could greatly influence the results of PCR amplification.The optimal annealing temperature and electrophoresis time required for the ideal electrophoresis bands under the same conditions were different when different primers were used.[Conclusion]The system was feasible to be applied in rapid identification of authenticity of hybrid maize varieties.

Distance decay of place attachment and perceived authenticity of mountain tourism destinations in China

Place attachment has been a research focus in the fields of park and recreation management.Place attachment plays an important role in promoting sustainable development of parks and mountain tourism destination,however,there are limited studies that identified the spatial patterns of place attachment,especially in the context of mountain tourism destinations in China.Also,the geospatial spectrum of visitors is usually broad,examining the multivariate relationships among spatial proximity,perceived authenticity,and place attachment are essential for mountain tourism destinations to promote destination image and strengthen emotional bonding with targeted visitor groups.In this study,we selected an iconic and highly visited park,Jiuzhai Valley National Park in China,as our study site and conducted an on-site visitor survey to collect 557 samples.Study uses factor analysis and the structure equation model to analyze the relationship among spatial proximity,perceived authenticity,and place attachment.Results validate the two-dimension structure of place attachment and perceived authenticity.Study findings suggest that spatial proximity has significant impacts on existential authenticity and place identity,but has no significant impacts on place dependence.Perceived authenticity has a positive impact on place attachment.Study results advance the theories of place attachment and provide effective strategies to enhance emotional attachment between visitors and mountain tourism destinations.

Geographical authenticity evaluation of Mentha haplocalyx by LIBS coupled with multivariate analyzes

Mentha haplocalyx(mint)is a significant traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)listed in the Catalogue of’Medicinal and Food Homology’,therefore,its geographical origins(GOs)are critical to the medicinal and food value.Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)is an advanced analytical technique for GOs certification,due to the fast multi-elemental analysis requiring minimal sample pretreatment.In this study,LIBS data of sampled mint from five GOs were investigated by LIBS coupled with multivariate statistical analyzes.The spectral data was analyzed by two chemometric algorithms,i.e.principal component analysis(PCA)and least squares support vector machines(LS-SVM).Specifically,the performance of LS-SVM with least kernel and radial basis function(RBF)kernel was explored in sensitivity and robustness tests.Both LS-SVM algorithms exhibited excellent performance of classification in sensitive test and good performance(a little inferior)in robustness test.Generally,LS-SVM with linear kernel equally outperformed LS-SVM based on RBF kernel.The result indicated the potential for future applications in herbs and food,especially for in situ GOs applications of TCM authenticity rapidly.

Empirical Research on Tourism Authenticity of Ancient Cultural City——A Case Study of Lijiang Ancient City in China

On the basis of tourism authenticity theory and field investigation and analysis of Lijiang ancient city, the paper had explored tourists' tourism authenticity, and further revealed the inner relation between tourism authenticity and tourism motivation of ancient cultural cities. It was found that ancient cultural cities generally had the highest objective authenticity, followed by existential, constructive and post-modern authenticity. As for tourism motivation, motivation of knowledge function, of reward maximization, of punishment minimization, of self-esteem and of self-fulfillment presented to diminish progressively. Relationships between four types of tourism authenticity and five types of tourism motivations also varied from each other. It had enriched empirical quantitative research results of domestic tourism authenticity in theory, and provided application value for the research on realistic tourism market and planning activity based on tourists in practice.

On Authenticity of IELTS Listening Module and Enlightenment on CET

As to language testing researches,authenticity has always been the main concern.Based on the theories and previous researches of authenticity in language testing,this article studies the authenticity of listening module of IELTS from three perspectives-testing materials,testing tasks and testing situations.It is indicated that the materials in IELTS listening module cover a wide range of academic life,employing different English accents and natural pauses and hesitation;the testing tasks are authentic to satisfy test-takers' need in the future;the testing situations are close to the real life.From the implication of IELTS,some suggestions are put forward for CET from those three aspects mentioned.

Application of Authenticity Theory on the Design of Listening Tests

The methods for designing listening comprehension tests appeared in recent years will be also reviewed.For each kind of testing method,no matter what its scale and how its importance,can influence teaching and learning in varied range.Therefore,to discuss how to use the principle of authenticity to improve and ensure the reliability and validity of test can create a positive effect on teaching and learning.

Improving the Test Tasks to Improve the Authenticity of TEM Listening Sub-tests

Listening ability constitutes an important part of a language learner＇s communicative language competence. This universal agreement necessitates an inclusion of a listening sub-test in any English proficiency test aimed at evaluating the candidates＇ comprehensive competence. Being a criterion-referenced proficiency test, both TEM4 and TEM8 （Test for English Majors： Band 4/8） contain a listening sub-test in their test battery. In this case, improving the authenticity of the listening sub-tests in TEM will no doubt be a contributory factor in improving the authenticity of the whole test. Based on the analyses of the current listening sub-tests used in TEM, the author concludes that there exists some inauthenticity in the test tasks. One source of the inauthenticity results from the input and the other from the test tasks which seem to be stereotyped in the current tests. In order to solve these two problems, the author suggests that major English varieties and limited-constructed-response question types be included in the TEM sub-tests so as to improve the authenticity of the tests and the accuracy of assessment.

Feasibility Study for Applying Spectral Imaging for Wheat Grain Authenticity Testing in Pasta

Authentication of pasta is currently determined using molecular biology-based techniques focusing on DNA as the target analyte. Whilst proven to be effective, these approaches can be criticised as being destructive, time consuming, and requiring specialist instrument training. Advances in the field of multispectral imaging (MSI) and hyperspectral imaging (HSI) have facilitated the development of compact imaging platforms with the capability to rapidly differentiate a range of materials (inclusive of grains and seeds) based on surface colour, texture and chemical composition. This preliminary investigation evaluated the applicability of spectral imaging for identification and quantitation of durum wheat grain samples in relation to pasta authenticity. MSI and HSI were capable of rapidly distinguishing between durum wheat and adulterant common wheat cultivars and assigning percentage adulteration levels characterised by low biases and good repeatability estimates. The results demonstrated the potential for spectral imaging based seed/grain adulteration testing to augment existing standard molecular approaches for food authenticity testing.

Studies on the Authenticity of Local Wines by Spectroscopic and Chemometric Analysis

The authenticity of 91 wines produced in Cyprus from both indigenous and other vine varieties were investigated by a holistic approach, using, advanced technology such as SNIF-NMR （site-specific natural isotopic fractionation-nuclear magnetic resonance） and 1R-MS （isotope ratio-mass spectrometry） for the determination of the stable isotopes and ICP （inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy） for some heavy metals. The spectroscopic characteristics were evaluated statistically using different chemometric methods. The dependency of the D/H （deuterium/hydrogen） ratio of the methylene site in the ethanol molecule （D/H）ll and also theδ ^18O values of the wine water, were the most useful discriminators. Isotopic results allow us to have a complete idea about the regional variability of the isotopes. Among the metals, Ni followed by Pb was the ones with the highest discrimination value. The determined concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd that are related to the safety of wines were within the acceptable limits that have been established by the OIV （international organization of vine and wine） or comparable with the results of the wines of other European countries. The study of the correlation between the load of heavy metals and isotopes in wines showed a dependence on the grape variety but not the geographical location of the vineyard. This is probably due to the close proximity of wine regions in Cyprus.

Ensuring the Authenticity and Non-Misuse of Data Evidence in Digital Forensics

In forensic investigations,it is vital that the authenticity of digital evidence should be ensured. In addition,technical means should be provided to ensure that digital evidence collected cannot be misused for the purpose of perjury. In this paper,we present a method to ensure both authenticity and non-misuse of data extracted from wireless mobile devices. In the method,the device ID and a timestamp become a part of the original data and the Hash function is used to bind the data together. Encryption is applied to the data,which includes the digital evidence,the device ID and the timestamp. Both symmetric and asymmetric encryption systems are employed in the proposed method where a random session key is used to encrypt the data while the public key of the forensic server is used to encrypt the session key to ensure security and efficiency. With the several security mechanisms that we show are supported or can be implemented in wireless mobile devices such as the Android,we can ensure the authenticity and non-misuse of data evidence in digital forensics.

Study of the Authenticity and Credibility of QQ Chat Records

Digital evidence investigation in QQ software is the current research focus.In order to identify the authenticity and credibility of QQ chat records,the method based on attacking QQ chat records is proposed.Firstly,an evaluation model on checking the authenticity of QQ chat records is proposed.The cases on kinds of changing QQ chat records are discussed.The challenge in identifying the authenticity of QQ chat records is raised.Secondly,case study on attacking QQ chat records is proposed to check the relationship between the authenticity of QQ chat records and the difficulty of changing them.A couple of experiments on changing QQ chat records are finished to find how difficult changing records is and whether there are clues left on changing them or not.Finally,a kind of QQ chat forensic process is presented,which can help for digital evidence investigation in the authenticity and credibility of QQ chat records.The practices in QQ forensic cases show that it works well.

The Principle of Authenticity and the Protection and Renewal of the Qujiang Site in Ancient Chang'an

In order to explore the protection and renewal law of historic sites in the process of contemporary urban construction, combined with the protection and renewal practice of Qujiang garden cultural landscape heritage sites in ancient Chang'an, this paper analyzed the authenticity in the protection and renewal of different historic sites, and explored the possibility of flexible use of the concept of authenticity in the process of protection and renewal of historic sites.

Study on the Authenticity of Heritage in Japan by Kinkakuji

The authenticity of world heritage is very important but the definition is not clear.Japan became a member of the World Heritage Committee only in 1992,but has contributed greatly to the explanation of authenticity,and cultural diversity of the world.Taking Kinkakuj(or Rokuon-ji,or Temple of the Golden Pavilion)for example,the paper attempts to clarify the connotations of authenticity in heritage protection by reviewing its world heritage application document(1993)and Nara Document(1994),so as to instruct heritagerelated practices.

Study on the Authenticity of Identification Methods in White Spirit by Infrared Spectrometer

This experiment studies on the used infrared spectroscopy to establish technology methods for liquor identification methods, as well as offers the science data for establishment of the fingerprint in white spirit. The results have shown that using near-infrared spectroscopy analysis of liquor has the obvious features such as strong specificity, good reproducibility, simple operation, and finally confirmed that it is an authentic and ideal method for identification in white spirit.

A Study of the Authenticity of “Braided Journalism” in the Era of Media Convergence from the Perspective of Ethics

Authenticity is the basic ethical principle of journalism.Under the background of media convergence,“braided journalism” has a feature of content integration.While providing people with many more information resources,“braided journalism” faces the challenge of how to confirm the authenticity of the contents.To regulate the production of “braided journalism” and ensure it is authentic and ethical is an important job in developing contemporary media communications.

The Idea of Authenticity and Inauthenticity of Existence in the Existential Philosophy of Soren Kierkegaard

The idea of authenticity of life calls to mind the obvious fact that many individuals,seriously and inconsiderately,have allowed themselves to be swallowed in the faceless crowd to such extent that they have completely lost their true selfhood.It is an apparent danger in the existence of man,especially in modernity,that abstraction is substituted for reality.Nevertheless,the truth of the uniqueness of each individual person and the various and different situations of life where an individual person cannot but make a personal choice and decision engendered in man the need to necessarily authenticate his being.The researcher,therefore,deems it not only important but very expedient at this point in time,when there is not only a loss of personal identity but more still a total flow of existence in our modern society,to pinpoint what authentic life should be and how it is to be achieved.Hence,this work demonstrates how a Danish philosopher,Soren Kierkegaard,has done a masterly work of authenticating one’s existence.He emphasized that one should become an individual person instead of being swallowed up in the appraisal of untrue crowd.In order to accomplish the goal,the researcher primarily applied the philosophical reflective approach.

Research Progress on Authenticity Formation of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

By analyzing the key factors affecting the authenticity of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi,this paper focuses on summarizing the research progress of environmental factors(light,temperature,water content,soil),genetic factors and other factors,in order to ensure the quality of S.baicalensis Georgi,find potential suitable areas of S.baicalensis Georgi,and further promote the sustainable development of Chinese medicine resources.

Influence of Meta-stereotype on Well-being and Authenticity

In order to explore the influence of the degree of impression on the subjective well-being and truthfulness,the present situation paradigm was used to investigate the difference between the truthfulness and the sense of well-being of the introverted individuals with negative meta-stereotype in the neutral social context.According to the data from the self-designed questionnaire survey,introvert workers/university students were divided into two groups:the high negative group and the low negative group,and their subjective well-being and authenticity were measured by the corresponding version of the questionnaire.The results showed that introverted individuals with high negative meta-stereotype had lower subjective well-being and authenticity than those with low negative meta-stereotype in neutral social situations,and their identity and gender had no effect on subjective well-being and authenticity.Conclusion:The subjective well-being and authenticity of introverted individuals with more negative meta-stereotype are lower.

An Analysis of Authenticity in CET-4 and TEM-8

This paper mainly investigates the authenticity in CET-4 and TEM-8. The main finding is that both CET-4 and TEM-8 basically satisfy the requirements of authenticity except that some improvements need to be made. Two conclusions from our discussion： （1） Authenticity is a relative term; （2） As a criterion, it must coalesce into other criteria are like validity and reliability; and （3） Authenticity must be determined for each specific testing situation.