China's Social Security System for the Urban Poor

China'ssocialsecuritysystemiscomposedofthreefields:basiclivingsecurityforunemployedstaffandworkers,unemploymentinsuranceandminimumlivingseeurityforurbaninhabitants.Thebasiclivingconditionofunemployedstaffandworkersareguaranteedbyemploymentservicecent...

Reductions of PM_(2.5) in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomerations during the 2008 Olympic Games

The Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring Network successfully undertook the task of monitoring the atmospheric quality of Beijing and its surrounding area during the 2008 Olympics. The results of this monitoring show that high concentrations of PM2.5 pollution exhibited a regional pattern during the monitoring period （1 June-30 October 2008）. The PM2.5 mass concentrations were 53 μg m-3, 66 p.g m-3, and 82 μg m-3 at the background site, in Beijing, and in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations, respectively. The PM2.5 levels were lowest during the 2008 Olympic Games （8-24 August）： 35μg m-3 at the background site, 42 μg m-3 in Beijing and 57 μg m-3 in the region. These levels represent decreases of 49%, 48% and 56%, respectively, compared to the prophase mean concentration before the Olympic Games. Emission control measures contributed 62% 82% of the declines observed in Beijing, and meteorological conditions represented 18%-38%. The concentration of fine particles met the goals set for a ＂Green Olympics.＂

CHINA'S URBAN HOUSING SYSTEM IN TRANSITION

This paper discusses transition of urban housing system andhousing policy issues in China. It focuses on China's urban housing systemand future housing policies Some of the main contexts to be discussed are:(1) the process and characterstics of housing development in new China, (2)the weaknesses of the old urban housing system; (3) reforms of the urbanhousing system; (4) China's housing markets in transition; (5) Current urbanhousing reform policy dilemmas; (6) experiences from developed countries;(7) main housing policy issues in the western world, and (8) ways to dealwith the dilemmas.

Extra Care and Attentionto the Urban Poor

InDecember1998,theChinaAcademyofSocialScienceandtheMinistryofCivilAffairsconductedaninvestigationintotheurbanpoorinShanghaiandthesocialsecuritysystemforthoseonthelowest.IncomeThoselivingonsocialsecurityincomeinShanghaihaveanincomeofRMB243permonthonav...

Analysis of the State of Woody Plants in the City of Nukus (Streets of Ernazar Alakoz)

This article observed seven species of Fraxinus excelsior L., Fraxinus pensylvanica March., Salix alba L., Populus alba L., Juniperus communis L., Catalpa bignonioides Walt., Ulmus densa Litv for seasonal growth. The Republic of Karakalpakstan is located in the North-West of Uzbekistan, covers 166,600 km2 (28%), and is the largest in terms of territory by region. The study of woody plants in the flora of Karakalpakstan is an important aspect of the convention on biological diversity. The species composition of the natural flora of Karakalpakstan is quite poor in ornamental plants, especially evergreens, suitable for gardening. At the same time, the biodiversity of these plants in Nukus and the factors contributing to them were analyzed. Relevance of the study: Creating an environmentally friendly environment in cities is possible by optimizing intra-urban tree plantations that perform forming, improving and regulating functions in the environment. The effectiveness of green spaces mainly depends on the range of trees and shrubs and their correct use in accordance with biological characteristics, environmental requirements and decorative qualities. The degree of impact of plantings on the environment also depends on the type, age and physiological characteristics of plants [1]. Woody plants, unlike hardwoods, enrich and purify the air throughout the year and can be used for single and group planting when creating hedges and borders, as well as green gardens. All year round, they enrich the air with oxygen, absorb street noises, and lower the air temperature. However, the conservation of flora is necessary not only for individual components, but also for the entire population diversity. Salinized land, unfavorable climate and other environmental factors are among the obstacles or restrictions to the introduction of new species of trees and shrubs, especially evergreen ones, in arid areas [2] [3]. The urban environment differs from the natural environment in terms of the degree of illumination, the amount of solar radiation, air temperature and humidity, soil properties, etc. In this regard, green plants only with proper planning, selection of assortment, sufficient quantity and good care ensure the improvement of the ecological state of the city. For scientifically based gardening, it is necessary to have objective ideas not only about the quantity and quality of existing plantings, but also to know the ecological and physiological state of each species, which allows us to assess the role of plants in improving the quality of the environment [4]. The sharply continental climate, aridity of the territory, increased wind activity and salinity of the soil contribute to the aggravation of environmental problems in the cities of the southern Aral sea region. The deteriorating environmental situation in Nukus requires the development of a specific gardening strategy aimed at creating sustainable urban plantings of various types. In this regard, we conduct research on the biological characteristics of ornamental woody plants in urban conditions. The range of tree and shrub species used in the landscaping of the city of Nukus remains quite poor today [5]. The predominant tree species are P. alba L., P. nigra L., P. diversifolia L., F. excelsior L., F. pensylvanica Marsh., Fraxinus potamaphylla Herd, S. excels S. Gmel, S. babylonica L., S. alba L., Juniperus communis L. In the landscaping of Nukus, introduced plants are also used, which have adapted to local conditions, although they are damaged by frosts. These include C. bignonioides Walt, Ulmus pumila L., F. pensylvanica Marsh.

Following the Urban Footprint

A themed pavilion illustrating humanity’s urban development history with its most invaluable artifacts The "the most beautiful and extravagant pavilion" at the 2010 World Expo

Preparation for the Urban Transport Development of China in the Twenty—First Century

Urban transport construction of thosedays should provide favourable conditionsfor cities to enter the twenty-first century.Itshould not be considered as too early to dis-cuss this issue now.What will our cities looklike by the turn of the century Based on thestrategic goal of developing our socialisteconomy in three phases,we shall have at-tained the objectives set for the secondphase by the end of this century:our peoplewill have enjoyed fairly good living stand-

Two Strategic Diversions in the Urban Development of Beijing

In view of a good deal of problems which arise in thespeedy urban development of the Beijing Municipality and demand forprompt solution,this article puts forward two strategic diversions in theurban development of Beijing,i.e.the diversion of the stress of urban de-velopment from the urban districts to the outer suburbs and the diver-sion of the development of urban districts from concentric sprawl tooverall readjustment and transformation.This is also a strategic guidingideology for the revision of the General Planning.The article puts for-ward tentative ideas in detail.

The Urban and Rural Housing Reform under Its Way in China

By April 1989,the total population inChina had been up to 1,100 millions.Underthe circumstances of such a heavypoputation,backward economy,and eco-nomic and social differences from one re-gion to another,how to solve the

Study on the Urban Development of the Longhai-Lanxin Belt

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Evaluation on the Factors Concerning the Urban Economic Performance

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