Is transcranial magnetic stimulation useful in posttraumatic disorders?

Dear editor, We have read with great interest the recent paper by Herrold et al. （2014） published in Neural Regeneration Research. There is evidence that approximately 20-90% of patients with mild traumatic brain injury develop posttraumatic symptoms, and 40% of these patients have persistent symptoms after trauma （Bazarian et al., 1999; Koski et al., 2015）. Therefore, mild traumatic brain injury becomes an important cause of temporary disability. Indeed, posttraumatic disorders have a significant epidemiological relevance, even though it is still undervalued in most of the trauma centers （Bazarian et al., 1999） and there is no specific treatment method （Koski et al., 2015）. Recently, many neurological and posttraumatic stress disorders had been treated with noninvasive brain stimulation （Boggio et al., 2010; Fox et al., 2012）.

The use of permanent magnet motor for Tesla electric vehicle stimulates the demand for rare earth Nd

On March 13th,Reuters reported that the long run version of Tesla Model 3 will use permanent magnet motors.One of the materials for this type of motor is rare earth metal neodymium,which will further increase the supply pressure of neodymium.Governments around the world are committed to reducing the harmful emissions produced by fossil fuel cars,pushing up demand for electric vehicles

Transcranial magnetic stimulation: potential treatment for co-occurring alcohol, traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorders

Alcohol use disorder （AUD）, mild traumatic brain injury （mTBI）, and posttraumatic stress disorder （PTSD） commonly co-occur （AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD）. These conditions have overlapping symptoms which are, in part, reflective of overlapping neuropathology. These conditions become problematic because their co-occurrence can exacerbate symptoms. Therefore, treatments must be developed that are inclusive to all three conditions. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） is non-invasive and may be an ideal treatment for co-occurring AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. There is accumulating evidence on rTMS as a treatment for people with AUD, mTBI, and PTSD each alone. However, there are no published studies to date on rTMS as a treatment for co-occurring AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. This review article advances the knowledge base for rTMS as a treatment for AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. This review provides background information about these co-occurring conditions as well as rTMS. The existing literature on rTMS as a treatment for people with AUD, TBI, and PTSD each alone is reviewed. Finally, neurobiological findings in support of a theoretical model are discussed to inform TMS as a treatment for co-occurring AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. The peer-reviewed literature was identified by targeted literature searches using PubMed and supplemented by cross-referencing the bibliographies of relevant review articles. The existing evidence on rTMS as a treatment for these conditions in isolation, coupled with the overlapping neuropathology and symptomology of these conditions, suggests that rTMS may be well suited for the treatment of these conditions together.

Updated Review on the Clinical Use of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Psychiatric Disorders

With the ability to modulate cortical activity,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation（r TMS） is becoming increasingly important in clinical applications for psychiatric disorders. Previous studies have demonstrated its promising efficacy in depression and schizophrenia, and emerging evidence has also been found in patients with anxiety disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and substance or food craving. However, the overall literature features some conflicting results, varied quality of studies,and a lack of consensus on optimal r TMS parameters.Besides, the efficacy of r TMS in patients with medicationresistant symptoms has drawn most attention from clinicians. Here we review multi-site studies and double-blind randomized controlled trials（RCTs） in single sites, as well as meta-analyses of RCTs in the last three years, in order to update evidence on efficacy and the optimal protocol of r TMS in psychiatric disorders, especially for medicationresistant symptoms.

Application of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor in children with acute myeloid leukemia

Objective To evaluate the effect of recombinant human granulocyte colon y stimulating factor (rhGCSF) on accelerating neutrophil recovery and decrease fatal infections for childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) Methods From November 1992 to March 1997, 45 patients wer e enrolled into our study and 15 were newly diagnosed All were treated with hi gh dose chemotherapy combined with rhGCSF Results Of 15 newly diagnosed patients, 13 achieved complete remission (CR) after one course of therapy and 2 achieved CR after two courses of therapy For newly diagnosed patients, the durations of absolute neutrophil counts (ANC ) <05109/L were 5 days and 10 days in rhGCSF group and control group res p ectively ( P <005) The incidences of infection of these two groups w ere 40% and 60% respectively ( P <005) As for patients who receive d intensive therapy, the durations of ANC <05109/L were 5 days and 8 days i n rhGCSF group and control group, respectively ( P <005), and the i ncidences of infection were 25% and 444% respectively ( P <005) Conclusions The application of rhGCSF in children with AML after chem otherapy may hasten the hematopoietic recovery The duration of neutropenia wa s shortened by 3-4 days, and the incidence of fatal infection was reduced rhG CSF does not stimulate AML growth in vivo

Association between Drug Co-use Networks and HIV Infection:A Latent Profile Analysis in Chinese Mainland

Persons who use drugs are a high-risk subpopulation for HIV infection because more than one drug user often take drugs together,which increases the risk of HIV transmission.For the PWUDs who had tested for HIV,we extracted data on demographic characteristics,drug types,injection drug use behavior,encrypted IDs of co-users,and drug use location from the National Dynamic Management and Control Database for Persons Who Use Drugs between January 2008 and July 2016.We mapped and classified Co-UDs’networks and estimated the risk of HIV infection.Drug co-use networks were formulated on the basis of connections between PWUDs at the same time and location.Latent profile analysis(LPA)and logistic regression models were used to cluster the classes and to estimate the HIV infection risk among them,respectively.A total of 470967 PWUDs were included,among whom 69529 Co-UDs formed 7001 networks,which were categorized into three classes:Class A(n=211,3.0%)had large networks,with more members(median 10.0(IQR:8.0-14.5)),and comprised depressant and stimulant users located in central and eastern China;Class B(n=3770,53.8%)was dominated by depressant users(median 3.0(IQR:3.0-4.0))across the country;Class C(n=3020,43.1%)was dominated by stimulant users(median 3.0(IQR:3.0-4.0))located in central and eastern China.The HIV infection rates were 9.71%,3.33%,and 0.33%in Classes A,B,and C,respectively.Compared with Class A,Classes B and C were associated with decreased odds of HIV infection.Our findings suggest that more attention should be paid to larger networks,with a relatively high HIV infection risk,to enhance prevention and intervention strategies.

Quantitative mitochondrial proteome of pancreatic INS-1β cells stimulated with prolonged high glucose using SILAC

Most type 2 diabetics are accompanied with deficiency of insulin secretion and hyperglycemia. It has reported that glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of β cell (GSIS)

Advances in neuroimaging studies of alcohol use disorder(AUD)

Alcohol use disorder(AUD)is a worldwide problem and themost common substance use disorder.Chronic alcohol consumptionmay have negative effects on the body,the mind,the family,and even society.With the progress of current neuroimaging methods,an increasing number of imaging techniques are being used to objectively detect brain impairment induced by alcoholism and serve a vital role in the diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment assessment of AUD.This article organizes and analyzes the research on alcohol dependence concerning the main noninvasive neuroimaging methods,structural magnetic resonance imaging,functional magnetic resonance imaging,and electroencephalography,as well as the most common noninvasive brain stimulation-transcranial magnetic stimulation,and intersperses the article with joint intra-and intergroup studies,providing an outlook on future research directions.

Activation of the Brain to Postpone Dementia: A Concept Originating from Postmortem Human Brain Studies

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is characterized by decreased neuronal activity and atrophy, while hyperactivity of neurons seems to make them resistant to aging and neurodegeneration, a phenomenon which we have paraphrased as ‘use it or lose it'. Our hypothesis proposes that(1) during their functioning, neurons are damaged;(2)accumulation of damage that is not repaired is the basis of aging;(3) the vulnerability to AD is determined by the genetic background and the balance between the amount of damage and the efficiency of repair, and(4) by stimulating the brain, repair mechanisms are stimulated and cognitive reserve is increased, resulting in a decreased rate of aging and risk for AD. Environmental stimulating factors such as bilingualism/multilingualism, education, occupation, musical experience, physical exercise, and leisure activities have been reported to reduce the risk of dementia and decrease the rate of cognitive decline, although methodological problems are present.