The Historical Value of Newspaper Directory of China

As a prominent journalist and entrepreneur living in Shanghai from 1911 to 1937,the“China Hand”Carl Crow(1884-1945)wrote a lot of works on Chinese newspapers,business,religion and culture.His advertising agency Carl Crow,Inc.published four editions of Newspaper Directory of China in the year of 1921,1931,1932 and 1935 respectively,and the most popular was the edition of 1935,which had a positive impact on the commercialization and development of the China’s newspaper industry.

“The Poem Is More Philosophical Than History” ——Discussion on Authenticity of Pushkin's Historical Literature

Pushkin is a great Russian poet.In addition,he is a famous litterateur.He achieved the peak by virtue of history-themed poems including Poltava and The Bronze Horseman.Pushkin was good at applying realism and romanticism for writing.The two ways complement each other.In the mid-to-late period of Pushkin's writing career,his creation style transformed to realism rapidly.Meanwhile,he was better at mixing historical events and imaginary plots so as to perfectly blend historical reality and artistic truth.

Financial Statement Valuations in Italian Accounting Thought Between the 19th and the 20th Century： From ＂Exchange Value＂ to ＂Historical Cost＂

The main subject of this paper is the theory of financial statement valuations observed in its historical development. More notably, regarding the subject, the research is concerned with some theoretical concepts developed by the Italian doctrine in a very specific age, namely, between the 19th and the 20th century, which in fact, devoid of any accounting regulation. This paper analyzes in particular the shift from the exchange value rule to the historical cost method and tries to explain the reasons of such a development. In the second half of the 19th century, some of the best Italian scholars, who were faced with the need to properly develop the problem of accounting valuations, thought that it was appropriate to rely on concepts that belonged to similar sciences, such as economics and real estate appraisal, by blindly borrowing the theory of value from the former and the theory of valuations from the latter. During that age, everything hinged around the concept of exchange value. At the dawn of the 20th century, the Italian accounting doctrine began to wonder about a subject that was crucial to the financial statement theory： the informative purposes underlying the financial statements. At the same time, the first principle took shape, which might be called as the ＂finalistic principle of value＂. It is still the basis of the theory of financial accounting measurements, for which different evaluative criteria must be applied to different informative purposes. Thus, an alternative criterion to that of the exchange value makes its appearance on the scene of the accounting valuations, notably the historical cost. The introduction of the historical cost criteria and above all the relinquishment of the combination of the ＂economic cost＂ in favor of that of the ＂manufacturing cost＂ allow the Italian accounting to get rid of the theories of economics and real estate appraisal, thus, becoming independent regarding the financial statement valuations.

Impacts of the north migration of China＇s rice production on its ecosystem service value during the last three decades (1980-2014)

The ecosystem services value （ESV） of rice system has received increasing attention in agricultural policy decision. Over the last three decades, China＇s rice production presented an obviously trend that moving towards north locations. However, the impacts of this migration on the ESV of rice production have not been well documented. In this paper, we analyzed the change of the ESV of rice production in China under ＂north migration＂ and ＂no migration＂ scenarios during 1980-2014 based on long-term historical data. The results showed that both the positive and negative ESVs of rice production were lower under ＂north migration＂ than under ＂no migration＂ scenarios. The total ESV during 1980-2014 was reduced by 15.8%. ＂North migration＂ significantly reduced the area-scaled ESV since the early 1990s; while its impact on yield-scaled ESV was not significant. The effects of＂north migration＂ on ESV showed great spatial variation. The greatest reduction in total and area-scaled ESV was observed in south locations. While the yield-scaled ESVs of most south locations were enhanced under ＂north migration＂ scenario. These results indicated that ＂north migration＂ has generated adverse effects on the ESV of rice production. An adjustment in the spatial distribution is essential to protecting the non-production benefits of rice ecosystem.

Discussion of Using Literature in The EFL Reading Classroom

This essay discusses the issue concerning the use of literature as a pedagogic tool in the EFL reading classroom, which is different from the traditional study of literature. It aims to illustrate that literary texts can be used as a useful language teaching resource rather than as an object of literary study. In the essay, the first part talks about the values of using literature in the EFL reading classroom. The second part is a set of activities related to a specific literary text which aim to develop some of the values identified in the first part.

The Role of Comparative Literature for Building a Community of Shared Future for Mankind

The human society is an interdependent community of shared future.Rooted in the foundation of “Great Harmony” ideology in Chinese traditional culture,the idea of “a community of shared future for mankind” is an important part of the socialism thoughts with Chinese characteristics in new era.The similarities and differences of cultures are the base of complementation and premise of innovative development rather than the source of conflicts.The core value of community of shared future is harmony,which with the goal of win-win can be achieved only by actively advocating cultural diversity,strengthening the effective and equal dialogue and understanding and complementing between different cultures or civilizations,and creating an inclusive,tolerant and reasonable peaceful environment.In this respect,the comparative literature research should inevitably play its irreplaceable role as a bridge to enable the communication,dialogue and understanding between eastern and western literature and cultures.The communication between cultures is homogeneous but the interaction between cultural soils as well as national cultures is heterogeneous.During the communication process of literature works,it’s necessary to further study the literature content under cultural differences.The community of shared future for mankind is not only a new idea for global governance but also a new kind of expression of the habitat guarding and building awareness;it is the real and physically objective existence and also the imaginary and emotional spirit pursuit.In the context that the comparative literature is trying to develop into the world literature,it’s the mission for mankind to make it possible the wide transmission,reading and studying of the diversified and unique literature works of different countries,which can manifest the common value connotation of human beings,and to spare no effort to remove obstacles from the path to the destination of a community of shared future for mankind.

The Value of the Yangzhou Storytelling of Rogue Pi Wu

Yangzhou pinghua 評話(Yangzhou storytelling), as a genre of vernacular performing arts, appeared in Yangzhou in the late Ming 明(1368-1644) and early Qing 清(1616-1912) times. The Yangzhou pinghua repertoire of Pi Wu lazi 皮五辣子(Rogue Pi Wu) initially created in Yangzhou around the Qianlong 乾隆(1735-1796) era has been passed down to the present times and performed by Yang Mingkun 楊明坤(1949-). In this paper, the author will examine some historical aspects of Yangzhou city that is reflected in the narrative of Rogue Pi Wu recited by Yang Mingkun and the basics of the repertoire of Rogue Pi Wu by referring to the historical documents related to Yangzhou pinghua and the modern studies on the history of Yangzhou city, aiming to point out that Yang’s repertoire of Rogue Pi Wu is of great research value to the study on Yangzhou storytelling. In addition, the origins and values of this thesis and the methodology adopted in conducting the present research are introduced.

General Evaluation of the Potential of the Cultural-Historical Heritage Built in the Republic of Moldova

This article analyzes the efficiency of the administration, as well as the way of financing the cultural heritage of the Republic of Moldova through the prism of the legal, institutional and cultural policy framework. Following the research, it was found that in the last 30 years the efficient and transparent management of the material cultural heritage of the Republic of Moldova has not been ensured, which endangers the national cultural heritage. If the current management and financing model does not change significantly in the near future, there is a risk that the cultural heritage of the Republic of Moldova will reach an unrecoverable condition.

The New Development of Contemporary Food Writing and the Value of Chinese Courses

Delicacy is one significant theme of literary and artistic creation.Since the 1980s,excellent delicacy writing industry has become an important part of Chinese teaching in middle schools.Since the beginning of the new century,the carrier of food writing has changed from the literal one to full-view video,audiovisual television documentaries.The essence of new form of contemporary food writing does not change;it still implies the meticulous and warm humanistic care.The value of it in Chinese courses still has much room to expand.

Analysis of the Image of China in Japanese Literature

Due to the established narrative patterns and powerful and profound ideological influences of classical Chinese literature,the image of China has been reinterpretation during the process of imagination,construction,and experience of Japanese writer or researcher,with many distortions and misinterpretations.The image of China in Japanese literature is an impression and illusion formed by the combination of cultural awareness and literary classics.The following article will analyze and sort out the Chinese image in Japanese literature.

Discussion of the Aesthetic Value of English Literature

As an international language,English has a great influence on the whole world.English literary works reflect the social and economic fields of western countries.Therefore,we explore the aesthetic value of English literature help us to better under-stand the literature of western countries,as well as the social and economic aspects,and enhance the communication between China and the West.This article is about the exploration on aesthetic value of English literature.

Influences of the Greek Mythology on British and American Literature

The paper starts with an introduction to Greek mythology,and then deeply explores the influence of Greek mythology on western culture and its roles in the development of British and American classical literature in the west.At last,the author analyzes the profound influences of Greek mythology on British and American literature from vocabulary,character role,creative inspiration,way of thinking,the outlook on life,values,and other aspects.

An Evaluation of the Main Physical Features and Circulation Patterns in the Black Sea Basin

Having as target the semi-enclosed basin of the Black Sea,the primary purpose of the existing paper is to present an overview of its extensive physical features and circulation patterns.To achieve this goal,more than five decades of data analysis-from 1960 to 2015-were taken into consideration and the results were validated against acknowledged data,both from satellite data over the last two decades and in-situ measurements from first decades.The circulation of the Black Sea basin has been studied for almost 400 years since the Italian Count Luigi Marsigli first described the“two-layer”circulation through the Bosphorus Strait in the year 1681.Since climate change projections for the Black Sea region foresee a significant impact on the environment in the coming decades,a set of adaptation and mitigation measures is required.Therefore more research is needed.Nowadays,the warming trend adds a sense of immediate urgency because according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Centre for Environmental Information,July 2020 was the second-hottest month ever recorded for the planet.Its averaged land and ocean surface temperature tied with July 2016 as the secondhighest for the month in the 141-year NOAA’s global temperature dataset history,which dates back to 1880.It was 0.92°C above the 20th-century average of 15.8°C,with only 0.01°C less than the record extreme value measured in July of 2019.

Spatial and temporal changes of paddy rice ecosystem services in China during the period 1980–2014

The ecological systems services or multi-functionality of paddy rice cultivation are critical to the functioning of the Earth’s life-support system.We estimated the ecosystem services value(ESV)of paddy rice during 1980-2014 across China.The results indicated that the ESV of the paddy field in China showed an upward trend during this period.The share of ESV on CO_(2)sequestration was the highest,followed by ESV on temperature cooling and greenhouse gas(GHG)emission.The yield-scaled ESVs of ZonesⅡ(southern rice-upland crops rotation regions)andⅢ(southern double rice production regions)were similar and significantly higher than the ESVs of ZonesⅠ(northeastern single rice production regions)and IV(Southwest rice-upland crops rotation regions).Between 1980 and 2014,the ESV of each region increased to varying degrees,except for the ESVs of Guangxi,Zhejiang,Fujian,and Guangdong.Such effects suggest the existence of a significant spatial-temporal variation in the total amount,structure,and density of ESV of paddy fields in China,which can further guide the development of future options for the adaptation of healthy rice production in China.

Value Analysis and Protective Planning of Famous Historical and Cultural Villages: A Case Study of Ancient Sangyuan Village in Jishui County, Jiangxi Province

Through analyzing historical value of patriarchal society, village layout, and characteristic folk dwel ings in Ancient Sangyuan Village, Jishui County, Jiangxi Province, this paper proposed the protective planning based on the gist of protecting villagers' benefits, applied classified protection of buildings, enhanced water protection and landscape design, and tried to carry out its intangible cultures via folk custom activities, in order to further develop the value of its historical and cultural resources.

Revisiting History Through Crime Fiction： Shiono Nanami＇s Scarlet Venice in The Renaissance Trilogy of Murder

The paper explores an ambiguous intersection between history and fiction in Scarlet Venice （Hi no Venezia, in original） （1988） by Japanese novelist and historiographer, Shiono Nanami （1937-）. As a prominent transnational writer who has worked on the Italian Renaissance and the Roman antiquity for about 40 years, Shiono fictionalizes the political culture of 16th century Venice in the context of the Eastern Mediterranean history. Based on her The Tales of the Sea Capital （1981）, historiography par excellence, the novel portrays the political maneuver of the Republic of Venice from viewpoints of diplomacy. With this thematic approach to history, the novel centers on the life and death of Alvise Gritti （1480-1534）, an illegitimate son of famed Venetian Doge, Andrea Gritti. In the metaphorical/metafictional structure of historical crime fiction, the novel unveils the austerity of Venetian polity, while contrasting it with the liberalism fostered in Sultan Suleiman＇s Ottoman court. In conclusion, the author interprets that Alvise Gritti is a victim of the political intricacy with which Venice was wrestling, implying that the republic is the metaphorical murderer. Whereas Alvise＇s death commemorates a drastic step taken by Venice for political negotiation, Shiono＇s recent writings suggest that Japan should model the rigid pragmatism in Venetian politics, along with its effective use of intelligence in diplomacy

“The Impression of Reality”： Fiction and Testimony in Dostoevsky＇s Notes

Truth of fiction might sound like a paradox, at least within the Platonic doxa. But perhaps there is no truth without fiction; Plato＇s own myths would testify to this necessary combination of ＂history＂ and ＂story＂ （histoire, storia, Geschichte, etc.）. Still, it might be not enough simply to affirm the necessity of fictional narrative for an historical account. In some cases, it would be difficult to accept a fictional aspect of historical testimony. Jorge Semprdn claims, on the other hand, that only fiction is able to communicate a traumatic, ＂unbearable＂ experience such as the one of prison camps. He refers to the work of Fyodor Dostoevsky as his model. My paper analyzes this testimonial aspect of Dostoevsky＇s Notes, especially the Notes from a Dead House. It shows, the particularity of this work, which combines an intense personal experience with a fictional elaboration, a quasi-novelistic setting, plot, and characters. I claim that in a sense such a combination might be considered as a model for literature in general, for its testimonial value, for its truth.

The Application of Dead Trees or Dying Trees in Landscape Design

In the development of landscape design,plants have always been one of the important elements in the landscape design,and play a very important role in the landscape.In the selection and application of landscape plants,living plants have always occupied a dominant position,but the research and application of dead trees are few.People tend to think that dead plants are no longer valuable,and all dead trees should be removed or replaced.In a sense,this is a waste of resources,and also increases the cost of landscape.In fact,the proper use of dead trees in landscapes design is more likely to display the artistic conception and theme of the landscape.In many natural landscapes,large trees,ancient trees and precious tree die because of natural laws or natural disasters,forming withered trees.This kind of withered tree endows the site with certain historical connotation,which could narrate the history and ecological change of site to people and evoke the imagination of people to the past.In addition,these dead wood still have high economic,ornamental,ecological and cultural values.This study focused on dead trees and dying trees as its subject,analyzing the outstanding dead trees application cases in natural landscape,and discusses the different functions of dead tree,such as ecological function,ornamental function,cultural function and others.In addition,the Beijing Wild Duck Lake National Wetland Park will serve as a special experimental site,dead tree will be designed and applied in the lake of park.And based on these data analyses,the final chapter will return to address the research questions and offer advice on how to apply dead tree to urban landscape and further enhance the value of dead trees in landscape design.

The Aesthetic Art Mechanism of English Literature Translation

With the development of global economic integration in recent years, Chinese culture is influenced by the penetration of Western culture, and there are many excellent English literature works. This paper focuses on how to translate excellent English literature into appropriate Chinese. It shows the key meaning of English literary translation which embodies artistic characteristics and aesthetic value. Then it analyzes how to reflect aesthetic value and artistic characteristics in English literary translation.

The Life Values of Greek Mythology

The difference between human and animals is that human not only obey the rules of nature and history but also possess subjective attitude and spirit of life, which are presented as life values by reflecting directly on ideology. According to it,Greek mythology pours out its life values based on its subjective attitude and spirit of life.