ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 100-hPa SOUTH ASIA HIGH AND MEI-YU IN JIANGSU PROVINCE

By analyzing the change of an index for the characteristics of South Asia High and variations of upper-air troughs in 2002–2005,we studied the impact of South Asia high on the beginning and ending of the Mei-yu(i.e.sustained rain corresponding to the ripening season of plum)in Jiangsu province.Statistic verification is conducted on the relationships between the index and the Mei-yu season in 1991–2005 to examine the impacts of the SAH characteristics index on a rain intensity index of Mei-yu and regional distribution of a characteristics index for different annual patterns of Mei-yu.Historical composite is performed of the 100-hPa circulation field for these patterns using the 100-hPa geopotential height of Northern Hemisphere from 2002 to 2005 and 45-year NCEP reanalysis to study the difference in the circulation for different patterns of Mei-yu.Diagnostic and statistic conclusions,which share much in common,have been obtained as follows.(1)The characteristics preceding to and the advancement/retreat of SAH and the movement of westerly troughs are the factors that influence the onset time of the Mei-yu season;after the Mei-yu onset,the progression/withdrawal of SAH and how farther east it extends are determining how long the Mei-yu lasts and when it ends.(2)During the Mei-yu,the general 100-hPa circulation situation and average characteristics of the SAH are well corresponding to the characteristics of the season and annual patterns of Mei-yu.In addition,the averages of the SAH ridgeline and east-extending index for June,July and the Mei-yu season have some implications to the forecast of the index of Mei-yu intensity.These conclusions can be served as powerful means in determining the starting/ending dates, duration and annual pattern of the Mei-yu season.

Distribution characteristics of historical earthquake classes in Jiangsu Province and South Huanghai Sea region

According to the analysis on the characteristics of historic earthquakes in Jiangsu Province and South Huanghai Sea region, the historical earthquakes in the studied area are divided into two kinds of comparatively safe class and comparatively dangerous class. Then the statistical result of earthquake class, the characteristics of geo-graphical distribution and geological structures are studied. The study shows: a) In Jiangsu Province and South Huanghai Sea region, the majority of historical strong earthquakes belong to comparatively safe class, only 13.8% belong to comparatively dangerous class; b) Most historical earthquakes belong to comparatively safe class in the land area of Jiangsu, eastern sea area of Yangtze River mouth and northern depression of South Huanghai Sea region. However, along the coast of middle Jiangsu Province and in the sea area of South Huanghai Sea, the distribution of historical earthquake classes is complex and the earthquake series of comparatively dan-gerous class and comparatively safe class are equivalent in number; c) In the studied area, the statistical results of historical earthquake classes and the characteristics of spatial distribution accord very well with the real case of present-day earthquake series. It shows that the seismic activity in the region has the characteristic of succession, and the result from this study can be used as a reference for early postseismic judgment in the earthquake emer-gency work in Jiangsu Province.

Distribution characteristics of historical earthquake classes in Jiangsu Province and South Huanghai Sea region

According to the analysis on the characteristics of historic earthquakes in Jiangsu Province and South Huanghai Sea region, the historical earthquakes in the studied area are divided into two kinds of comparatively safe class and comparatively dangerous class. Then the statistical result of earthquake class, the characteristics of geo-graphical distribution and geological structures are studied. The study shows: a) In Jiangsu Province and South Huanghai Sea region, the majority of historical strong earthquakes belong to comparatively safe class, only 13.8% belong to comparatively dangerous class; b) Most historical earthquakes belong to comparatively safe class in the land area of Jiangsu, eastern sea area of Yangtze River mouth and northern depression of South Huanghai Sea region. However, along the coast of middle Jiangsu Province and in the sea area of South Huanghai Sea, the distribution of historical earthquake classes is complex and the earthquake series of comparatively dan-gerous class and comparatively safe class are equivalent in number; c) In the studied area, the statistical results of historical earthquake classes and the characteristics of spatial distribution accord very well with the real case of present-day earthquake series. It shows that the seismic activity in the region has the characteristic of succession, and the result from this study can be used as a reference for early postseismic judgment in the earthquake emer-gency work in Jiangsu Province.

How Did Vinh Moc Village, Located near Vietnam DMZ, Protect Their Villagers from United States Air Force Bombardment during the Vietnam War?

The buried village is Vinh Moc where more than 1200 Vietnamese, including soldiers, who lived underground during the Vietnam War (1965 to 1972) were hand dug into red basalt bedrock. The Vinh Moc Village was strategically located on the border of North Vietnam and South Vietnam approximately 14 km north of the DMZ and along the shoreline of the South China Sea. During the Vietnam War, the US Air Force heavily bombed Vinh Moc. The North Vietnamese Army (NVA) had an important military base on nearby Con Co Island. Brave civil volunteers from Vinh Moc would make the 28 km dangerous journey to the island, disguised as fishermen, to deliver supplies to the soldiers stationed there. The people who remained at Vinh Moc dug tunnels into red basalt hills in order to survive this onslaught. The American forces assessed the villagers of Vinh Moc were supplying food and armaments to the NVA garrison on the island of Con Co, which was in turn hindering the American bombers on their way to bomb Hanoi. The US military objective was to force the villagers of Vinh Moc to leave the area. The villagers initially dug the tunnels to a 10 m depth but the American forces designed bombs that burrowed down 10 m before exploding. The soil tunnels were then deepened to 30 m to provide safety for the soldiers and civilians working there during the intense US Air Force bombing. The primary objective of the research study was to determine how the soils and parent material of Vinh Moc Village, protected their villagers from the United States Air Force bombardment during the Vietnam War. In addition, the natural parent material at both the Vinh Moc and Cu Chi were assessed to determine why the tunnels were so resilient. The Cu Chi and Iron Triangle soil tunnels were dug by hand in the Old Alluvium soils and parent material where iron in solution precipitated and became the soil binding material. The Vinh Moc tunnels were hand dug in porous, red basalt (bedrock) hills where the consolidated rock structure itself provided the required binding material. Neither site needed support beams to hold up the ceilings.

苏南模式演进与发展

苏南模式是中国现代化经济发展中最有影响、最为成功的道路之一。苏南模式催生了:苏南模式乡镇集体经济代表——华西村的发展变迁;物质文明和精神文明相互促进、相得益彰共同成就的文明高地——张家港精神;不等不靠的苏南模式代表——昆山之路;新苏南模式走在前列创新演进的代表——苏州模式等多个鲜活的改革与发展创造样本。苏南模式如今是国资、外资、民资与股份制经济共同发展,是新时代中国特色社会主义市场经济的重要窗口。苏南模式的演进与发展,是发展经济学理论在中国的成功实践,苏南模式的最新发展,为构建中国发展经济学的理论体系,提供了丰富的实践土壤。

江苏省传统村落空间分布特征及影响因素研究

传统村落是中国历史文化价值的空间体现,从省域视角辨析传统村落的空间分布特征及影响因素,将有效支撑传统村落的保护和利用。文章以江苏省472个传统村落为研究对象,采用最邻近点指数、地理集中指数、不平衡指数等模型,分尺度、分批次识别其空间分布特征,构建“格网分析+地理加权回归”框架分析各影响因素的作用效果。结论如下:(1)不同尺度下,江苏省传统村落空间分布呈现差异化集散特征,区域、市域尺度下传统村落分布较为分散,区县尺度下呈现集中分布的趋势,主要分布在苏州吴江、无锡宜兴、扬州高邮和江都;(2)不同批次传统村落在苏南地区的空间分布密度远高于苏北地区;(3)生态、人口、经济、交通与城市因素对于传统村落空间分布作用方向、作用强度差异显著,对传统村落的保护和利用提出更高的发展要求。

传统村落空间分布特征及影响因素研究:以江苏省为例

为探究传统村落空间分布与自然和社会要素间的关联性,本文以江苏省502个传统村落为研究样本,利用最近邻指数、核密度估计、标准差椭圆对传统村落空间特征进行了分析,并运用地理探测器等方法对其影响因素进行了探讨。结果表明:1)江苏省传统村落在空间分布上呈现集聚分布状态;2)传统村落密度分布差异显著,总体呈“南密北疏”特征;3)传统村落分布随批次变化呈西南-东北方向收缩态势,在西北-东南方向呈一定的扩张趋势,空间分布由西南转向东北方向;4)人口密度、文物保护单位密度、人均GDP、平均坡度是影响传统村落分布的主导性因素,且任意影响因素交互作用强于单一因素独立作用。

江苏省传统村落空间分布格局及可达性研究

传统村落在城市快速发展、城乡加速统筹的背景下,正面临保护和传承的重要困境。为给传统村落保护开发工作提供科学、现实的指引,以江苏省传统村落为研究对象,借助ArcGIS空间分析工具,探究市域和区县2个尺度下传统村落的空间分布格局和可达性水平。结果表明江苏省传统村落的空间分布具有高度集中的特征;传统村落空间密度的冷热点区域在城市尺度下形成“南热北冷”的分布格局,而在区县尺度下则形成“小热大冷”的分布格局;传统村落可达性在城市尺度和区县尺度下,均大致呈“南高北低”的格局;传统村落可达性呈现显著的空间集聚特征。

传统村落保护发展实践探索——以江苏省宜兴市太华镇为例

传统村落作为农耕文明的重要产物,是传承历史文化的重要载体。江苏以省级传统村落作为重要抓手,探索适应本省实际的保护发展实践工作。文章基于江苏省传统村落保护发展的地方实践,以宜兴市太华镇为例,从村落分布、选址与格局以及物质资源和非物质资源三个方面阐释其境内分布的传统村落特征,并针对目前存在的“管报不管保”“单个村落保护弊端”以及“保护与发展矛盾”等问题提出相应建议,以期为传统村落保护发展工作提供借鉴。

Development Characteristics and Mechanism of Taobao Vil ages in Jiangsu Province Under E-Commerce Economy

With the e-commerce economy spreading to rural areas,Taobao villages in Jiangsu Province present a rapid development trend.This paper firstly summarizes the general development situation of Taobao villages in Jiangsu Province from the three aspects of quantity,product types,and spatial distribution.Then it analyzes the specific development characteristics of different product-based Taobao villages.Finally,from the four angles of industry bases,ecommerce platforms,e-commerce businessmen groups,and logistics support,it explores the driving mechanism of Taobao villages in Jiangsu Province and points out that more and more villages will be involved in the Internet revolution along with the further development of Internet and e-commerce.

江苏省南水北调多工程多目标联合优化调度方法

为统筹协调江苏省南水北调水资源调配系统内各方用水要求和矛盾,提升工程效率,降低系统耗电成本,提出了面向多工程多目标的联合优化调度方法,并基于该方法构建了联合调度优化模型,针对丰、平、枯3种典型年提出了联合优化调度方案。与江水北调工程与南水北调东线一期工程实际的独立运行调度模式对比结果表明,联合优化调度方案总耗电成本可分别降低31%、14%和29%,相较于独立运行调度模式,联合优化调度方案能更科学地进行水源及输水线路的选择和切换,更充分地利用沿线湖泊的调蓄能力,通过复杂闸泵系统的联合运行,实现不同类别水源的互济互调,更有效地提升系统效益。

苏南古戏台类型特征研究

苏南古戏台常常作为一种附属建筑,存在于各种类型的传统建筑中,其建筑类型较为模糊。本研究通过文献与实地调研方法,将苏南古戏台分为酬神戏台、祭祖戏台、娱人戏台,并对这三种古戏台的建筑特征展开研究,认为酬神戏台具有与门楼合建、装饰华丽的特点;祭祖戏台具有形制灵活、体量适中的特点;娱人戏台具有形制与主人地位相关、注重功能的特点。

乡村振兴战略背景下晋南地区旅游型传统村落建筑景观保护研究

文章选取晋南地区的旅游型传统村落建筑景观为研究对象,分析传统村落建筑景观的文化内涵、艺术传承以及保护价值,认为村落建筑景观的保护与发展应该结合村落的生态理念、人居环境、艺术传承、文化旅游等方面进行有机协调发展。晋南地区村落建筑景观的保护与发展要突出地域文化特征,要坚持以人为本,守好地方传统文化的根脉。

苏南丘陵区林地土壤酶活性及其与土壤理化性质的相关性

研究了苏南丘陵地区马尾松、毛竹、麻栎、杉木4种林分土壤的蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、脲酶活性及其与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明,马尾松林土壤蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性最高,毛竹林土壤脲酶活性最高,裸地土壤3种酶活性均最低;3种酶活性在土壤剖面中呈自上而下逐渐减小的趋势,蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶活性随土层深度的变化较大,脲酶活性相对变化较小。相关分析结果表明,蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶分别与全N、有效P、有机质在α=0.01水平下呈显著正相关,且2种酶之间在α=0.01水平下呈显著正相关;蔗糖酶与Pb在α=0.05水平下呈显著正相关,酸性磷酸酶与Cu、Pb在α=0.01水平下呈显著正相关;脲酶与全P、有机质、Pb在α=0.01水平下呈显著正相关,与容重在α=0.01水平下呈显著负相关,与全N、酸性磷酸酶、Cu在α=0.05水平下呈显著正相关。回归分析结果表明,3种酶与全N、有效P、有机质、Cu、Pb之间呈非线性关系。主成分分析结果表明,对4种林分土壤肥力起主要作用的因子主要包括:土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、全N、有效P、速效K、有机质。3种酶可作为较理想的土壤质量评价指标。

苏南水乡村镇传统建筑景观的保护与创新

苏南水乡地区是吴文化的中心地带。这里优越的自然条件、悠久的历史渊源和深厚的文化底蕴创造了体现“天人合一”思想的建筑景观。该建筑景观的独特性体现在 :顺应水势的空间布局 ;与生活紧密联系的建筑环境 ;简远清秀的建筑风格。然而 ,近年来 ,苏南许多水乡地区的经济和城市化进程发展迅猛 ,水乡村镇不断扩张 ,在实际建设中又缺乏长远的、综合的规划 ,从而造成传统的历史文化遗存和传统建筑景观面临困境。同时 ,在全球经济一体化的宏观背景下形成的文化趋同现象也导致了村镇传统建筑景观多元化的丧失。因此 ,在此基础上 ,本文从精神、制度和物质三个层面分析了苏南水乡村镇传统建筑景观特征形成的文化背景 ,初步探讨了水乡村镇传统建筑景观的保护、继承与创新问题 ,提出传统建筑景观的保护原则 (保护与人们生活的改善提高相结合的原则 ;对传统建筑景观分等定级的原则 ;积极保护与有效利用相结合的原则 ) ,进而提出文化发展观 ,倡导创造有苏南水乡特色的绿色田园建筑景观。

农地规模经营影响因素的实证研究——基于江苏省村庄调查数据

研究目的:分析影响村庄层面农地规模经营发展的因素。研究方法:文献分析,计量经济分析。研究结果:村庄经济发展对农地规模经营具有显著的推动作用;村庄整体非农就业水平提高促进了农地规模经营发展,但当地非农就业机会增加抑制了农地规模经营发展;村庄成立农村土地承包纠纷委员会可以保障农地规模经营的顺利推进,但行政推动土地股份合作社、农民专业合作社发展的政策并未取得预期效果;村领导来自大宗大族不利于农地规模经营的健康发展,村干部"年轻化"对农地规模经营发展具有促进作用。研究结论:农地规模经营的推行应该因地制宜,通过建立农村社会保障体系、引导农村劳动力非农转移、健全农村土地承包经营纠纷调解仲裁体系以及规范村干部在农地流转中的行为来稳步推进。

苏南典型城镇耕地景观动态变化及其影响因素

基于高分辨率遥感影像获得3期土地利用数据,引入景观动态度和缩减强度指数分析了辛庄镇各村水田景观减少的速度和强度;利用转移矩阵和GIS地图叠加方法分析了辛庄镇水田景观变化的时空特征;应用冗余分析方法,直观地展现了主要的水田转变方式与各影响因子的定量关系。结果表明:1991—2009年间,研究区水田景观面积比例减少了30.5%,且呈加速下降趋势;各村水田景观缩减的规模、速度和强度差异明显;减少的水田主要被工业用地、鱼塘和居住用地占用,且这种现象集中发生在主要道路与河流周围。社会经济因子和区位因子对水田变化的空间差异具有很好的解释作用,且各因子对解释不同时段水田变化的空间分异的贡献率差异显著。

苏南经济快速发展区土壤有效态镉含量影响因素及分布特征

研究了农田土壤有效态镉含量的影响因素及分布特征。结果表明:①土壤有效态Cd含量总体较高,平均值为0.092 mg/kg,最大值高达0.354 mg/kg,且土壤Cd的平均活化率高达53%,Cd是该区主要的重金属污染物之一;②土壤表层有效态Cd含量与全Cd含量呈极显著正相关,回归分析表明该区农田土壤有效态Cd含量主要受全Cd含量的影响;③在不同经济功能区,有效态Cd和土壤Cd的活化率均以化工区为高,在不同地貌区,二者均以中部平原区最高,中部平原区Cd的活化率显著高于北部洼区;④在土壤剖面上,土壤有效态Cd含量和土壤Cd的活化率均以表层为高,表明土壤Cd的环境风险主要集中在表层20 cm。

苏南丘陵区4种典型人工林土壤活性有机碳分布特征

人工林土壤碳循环是全球碳循环研究的重要内容之一。笔者对江苏苏南丘陵地区4种典型人工林土壤总有机碳、水溶性有机碳、易氧化碳的差异及其与土壤基本理化性质的关系进行了比较研究,结果表明:各林分土壤总有机碳含量从大到小顺序为麻栎林、杉木林、毛竹林、湿地松林;土壤水溶性有机碳含量从大到小顺序为毛竹林、杉木林、湿地松林、麻栎林;土壤易氧化碳含量从大到小顺序为麻栎林、毛竹林、杉木林、湿地松林。两种活性有机碳占总有机碳比例在4种林分类型中没有表现出一致的规律性。土壤活性有机碳与土壤总有机碳、全氮有显著的相关关系,与其他土壤基本理化性质相关关系不显著。4种人工林土壤碳库贮量为阔叶林高于针叶林,毛竹林也占有重要地位,但土壤碳库的稳定程度没有表现出明显差异。

苏南地区温室气体CO_2地质处置的探讨

化石能源是现代工业飞速发展的重要保障。但从工业革命以来,无节制的能源消耗导致越来越多的温室气体被排入大气,带来了一系列的环境问题,全球气候变暖就是其中最严重的问题。业已觉悟的国际社会,已经认识到问题的严重性,并开始行动起来,其中二氧化碳(CO2)的回收及安全处置就是一项减缓大气变暖的重大工程。针对全球温室气体减排的压力,详细分析了CO2的地质处置机制与措施,并探讨了工业发达的苏南地区进行CO2地质处置的方式,认为存在苏北油田注CO2增产、句容盆地深层盐水层或贫油气储层的CO2地质处置和薄煤层CO2吸附处置等3种方式,提出句容盆地将是未来苏南地区进行CO2地质处置的重要场所,同时认为进行CO2地质处置存在巨大的商机。