Utilisation of Non-Conventional Animal Waste as Feeds by Multiple Livestock Species Farmers in Lake Victoria Crescent of Central Uganda

A cross-sectional survey was conducted to establish the utilisation of non-conventional animal waste in multiple livestock species systems. Farmers (150) were selected from four out of ten districts of Central Uganda in Lake Victoria Crescent. A structured questionnaire was used and descriptive analysis showed that over 80% are smallholder farmers on 3.0) years. Household husbands (80%) significantly (P 1.0) as they cause poor livestock health due to pathogens, parasites and toxins which are associated (OD > 1.0) with poor growth, mortality and condemnation of livestock products. The remedy to unsafe non-conventional feeds is to apply effective solar-heating (75%), chemical and ensiling treatment methods. The study showed that there are no significant (P < 0.001) public health risks associated with utilising treated non-conventional feeds instead it improves production and sustainability of multiple livestock species systems.

Analysis of T.S.Eliot's The Waste Land from the Discourse of Animality

T.S.Eliot's works have the didactic purpose of turning his readers away from what he considered the selfindulgence of the Romantics and toward the sterner splendors of Elizabethan drama and the 17th-century metaphysical poetry.Associated with the rise of literary modernism,he was established as the voice of a disillusioned generation by The Waste Land(1922).Especially,Eliot's description of the discourse of animality received highly artistic effect on the aspect of expressing his "impersonal theory".The discourse of animality in The Waste Land in plenty,thus,it made the author's expressive force more vivid.Furthermore,various imagos of different animals drew a mythical picture of modern waste land.So that,Eliot's The Waste Land also has the epic signification.

Study on the Optimized Combination and Utilization of Waste Resources of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Tibet

With the high-quality development of modern agriculture and animal husbandry in the plateau,the waste resources produced by agriculture and animal husbandry show a trend of diversification.How to effectively carry out the key work based on the optimal combination and utilization of waste resources of agriculture and animal husbandry in Tibet is imminent.To realize efficient recycling of waste resources of agriculture and animal husbandry,innovative mode is explored.On the theoretical basis,it can effectively alleviate the resource crisis,control the pollution sources,effectively utilize the resources and construct the recycling mode,which plays an important role in promoting,integrating and coordinating the high-quality development of modern agriculture and animal husbandry in the plateau.In this paper,optimal combination and utilization manner of waste resources of agriculture and animal husbandry under the circular development concept is comprehensively analyzed and summarized,to continuously improve reasonable and effective utilization level and efficiency of agricultural waste resources.It could not only inhibit waste pollution but also promote rational and effective utilization of resources,thereby laying theoretical basis for sustainable and efficient development of agriculture and animal husbandry in Tibet,promoting the improvement of agricultural and rural ecological environment,and providing the thinking for exploring model of ecological recycling in plateau.

Recovery of Unsold Food from Three Agri-Food Industries (SOCOCE, COQUIVOIRE and SCB) for the Feeding of the Abidjan Zoo Animals

The waste of foodstuffs is increasing in the agri-food industries. This is reflected in the increasing volume of their waste. Food is thrown away on criteria that have nosthing to do with its nutritional quality. In most cases, the criteria are shape, color and stains. In order to reduce this waste, a way of valorization was investigated. This paper focuses on waste reduction through feeding the Abidjan zoo animals with the unsold products of three agro-industries. The unsold products collected by the zoo were characterized over an 8-year period (2011 to 2019). Deaths and births were recorded. The food needs met by the unsold products harvested were evaluated and the economic gains estimated. The results showed that the food recovered by the Abidjan Zoo at SOCOCE contained 34.94% fruit, 38.58% vegetable and 23.47% meat products. At SCB and Coquivoire the donations are estimated at 2 tons of bananas and 1.5 tons of chickens (smoked and cold chicken) respectively. These donations allowed the Zoo to save 25.94% of its budget allocated to animal feed. The diversity of the food collected has a positive impact on the quality of life of the animals at the Zoo. This is reflected in an increase in the number of births from 0 to 12 per year and a decrease in mortality of 90%.

Treatment and Reuse of Domestic Wastewater for Irrigation and Aquaculture Purposes

The feasibility of sewage treatment via combined chemical-biological techniques has been investigated. Two-stages pilot plant were designed for this purpose. The first stage was direct chemicalcoagulation-sedimentation using ferric chloride in-combination with lime to reduce the organic load and to remove the colloidal and suspended solids. A comparison of two separtion techniques namely chemical coagulation conventional sedimention and chemical coagulation tube settler sedimention were investigated. The second stage was either high rate oxidation pond or biological sand-bed to oxidize ammonia to nitrate. The results obtained showed that the effluent produced from the first stage is amaenable for restricted irrigation purposes. The HIROP proved to be satisfactory second treatment method for removal of pollutant. In addition high algal biomass was obtained. However, the use of sand-bed for nitrification proved to be more efficient, complete removal of ammonia was acheived.Average residual COD and BOD values were 66 and 38 mg O2/L, respectively. Fish toxicity was completely eleminated after the nitrification processes

Recycling of the Waste from Large-scale Pig Farms

The management mode, economic benefits and technology integration of large-scale pig breeding are superior to those of traditional pig breeding by scattered peasant households, and it has a significant agglomeration effect. However, the waste from large-scale pig farms are discharged in a concentrated manner, which aggravates environmental pollution and increases treatment difficulty, and improper disposal can lead to serious environmental problems. The main pollutants in the waste from large-scale pig farms are high-concentration organic pollutants, nitrogen and phosphorus. Meanwhile, they are also the main nutrients needed for the growth of plants, animals and microorganisms. By a series of key techniques, the waste from large-scale pig farms can be recycled as fertilizer, feed and energy.

Extraction of Fat and Fatty Acid Composition from Slaughterhouse Waste by Evaluating Conventional Analytical Methods

To attain maximum recovery of useful compounds from slaughterhouse waste (Suet, Tongue, Pancreas) of selected ruminant (cow, goat, lamb, and bull), the fat extraction efficiency of popular methods was compared along with fatty acid (FAs) composition. Four selected methods including Soxhlet (SOX), acid hydrolysis, Bligh & dyer (B&D), and Folch (FOL) were assessed. After methylation, extracted lipids were analyzed by Gas chromatography for FA composition. Data indicated that all selected methods were significantly (p < 0.05) different from each other, particularly higher differences were noticed for low lipid-containing products (Tongue, Pancreas) as well as their respective FA Composition. Based on Analysis of Variance and Principal component analysis, the effective method for lipid and FA Composition analysis was the FOL method. The Soxhlet method was only effective for samples with high-fat content i.e., suet, while the B&D method gave comparatively low lipid content in analyzed samples. Hence based on the results, excellent fat and fatty acid extraction was achieved with the FOL method.

Research and Optimization of Technological Process Based on Fermentation for Production of Seaweed Feed

This paper for the purpose of utilization, conducted a study of technological process of producing animal feed by fermenting seaweed waste. Anaerobic fermentation, which can improve the contents of protein and polysaccharide in seaweed waste, proved to be an available method to improve the nutritional value of animal feed by using seaweed waste. Also effects of different additives and fermentation time on the fermentation products was compared, combined CCRD with neural network to optimize these factors, the predict model among all factors was established, also obtained the optimal fermentation process.

完善实验动物废物处置质量管理体系的思考:以中国食品药品检定研究院为例

科技发展是推动人类社会前进的巨大动力,而实验动物资源是生命科学、医药等领域科技发展的条件保障。但在开展医药研发、检验检测等实验过程中,使用实验动物产生的废物也为城市管理带来了新的考验。废物的分类、回收、有效利用和生物安全危害等问题接踵而至,对法规、标准、规范等的制定提出了与时俱进的要求。质量管理体系建设是检验检测机构管理的地基和框架,具备较强的操作性和检查性,可以不断提升管理水平,加强基础管理的稳定性。随着各层级新的管理办法出台,很多单位现行的质量管理体系内关于实验动物废物管理的相关内容欠妥,存在未明确非医疗机构实验动物废物处置流程、实验动物废物分类不准确、不同分类的废物未能按照不同方式处置等问题。本文针对目前存在的问题,梳理了中国食品药品检定研究院质量管理体系需要增加或者删改的流程,并制订了现行有效的标准作业流程,在如何加强监督管理方面提出了切实可行的措施,并开创性地把6S管理内容纳入质量管理体系中。因此,针对实验动物废物的管理应从完善质量管理体系的角度出发,从源头做好废物分类和管理,有效控制生物危害,最大限度地减少环境污染,为可持续发展创造条件。

动物生物安全实验室废弃物分类高压灭菌程序探索

为探索动物生物安全实验室不同种类废弃物合理的高压灭菌程序,探讨脉动真空灭菌器灭菌时间和脉动参数对灭菌效果的影响,以化学指示卡和生物指示剂为判断标准,研究了不同种类废弃物(动物尸体、粪便以及防护服、利器盒等一般废弃物)的灭菌程序。在程序设置方面,以灭菌温度121℃,脉动4次,排空上限80 kPa为灭菌固定参数,通过设置不同的灭菌时间和脉动下限,探索有效灭菌程序。结果显示:当灭菌时间为90 min,排空下限为-10 kPa时,猪、牛、羊等大动物尸体及其粪便灭菌合格;当排空下限为-80 kPa,灭菌时间分别为30、60、120 min时,一般废弃物、小动物尸体、禽类粪便灭菌合格。结果表明,通过调整灭菌时间和脉动参数,对不同种类废弃物进行分类高压,灭菌效果更加理想。本研究为动物生物安全实验室的废弃物处理提供了参考。

不同生物油再生沥青性能比选

为确定生物油对老化沥青性能的恢复能力,比选出再生能力较强的一种生物油并确定其最佳掺量,采用植物沥青、餐厨废弃油脂和工业用动物油3种生物油作为再生剂,分别对老化SBS改性沥青进行再生,通过测定生物油再生沥青的针入度、延度、软化点和布氏黏度并进行薄膜加热试验,研究生物油种类和掺量对老化沥青各项性能的影响规律。结果表明,3种生物油对老化SBS改性沥青的基础性能和耐老化性均有一定的恢复能力,其中餐厨废弃油脂对老化沥青再生能力较强,并且社会和经济效益较高,植物沥青和工业用动物油次之;餐厨废弃油脂被选为最佳再生生物油,掺量为4%时能够使老化SBS改性沥青的黏滞性和高温性能得到完全恢复,因此被确定为最佳掺量。

动物实验的研究计划指南——PREPARE解读

临床前动物实验是连接基础医学和临床医学的关键环节,动物实验设计的规范性对于动物实验的质量、可重复性、结果的可信度至关重要。本文对目前国际上已有动物实验的研究计划指南(PREPARE)进行介绍,PREPARE涵盖3个领域(研究计划制定、实验研究人员与动物实验室团体协作的构建、实验过程的质量控制),其中包含15个条目和42个亚条目,旨在普及相关知识,提高研究者对动物实验设计阶段的重视,同时为国内研究者规划动物实验提供参考。

农业废弃物资源化利用发展现状、问题与对策——以鱼台县东粮现代农牧循环经济产业园试点为例

针对鱼台县农作物秸秆、蘑菇渣等废弃物及规模化畜禽养殖粪污综合利用率低、处理工艺不科学、易造成二次环境污染等制约现代农业高质量可持续发展的共性问题,以鱼台县东粮现代农牧循环经济产业园畜禽粪便、农作物秸秆、高含水蘑菇渣为研究对象,开展协同堆肥关键技术研究与应用,结合园区实际情况,形成了适宜园区发展的三格粪污处理系统、异位发酵床等畜禽粪污处理模式,探索了食用菌养殖场与规模化养猪场的“畜禽粪便+秸秆+蘑菇渣+生物菌剂”协同堆肥循环利用运行模式,并开展有机废弃物好氧发酵-固态农肥生产-还田处理模式的开发示范推广,实现乡村有机废弃物就地化肥料化循环利用,促进乡村振兴美丽乡村建设,提升乡村农田土壤肥力,推动乡村现代绿色生态农业高质量发展。

高级别大动物生物安全实验室关键技术讨论

针对高级别大动物生物安全实验的活毒废水处理、大动物残体处理、管道穿墙密封三个关键技术进行对比分析,给出采用换热器冷却+蒸汽直通的序批式活毒废水处理方式、采用立式破碎+高温高压灭菌一体的大动物残体处理技术、采用洋葱圈型或模块型管道穿墙密封元件,更适合高级别大动物生物安全实验室的工艺需求,为同类工程的废水、废物处理和实验环境的密闭性提供一定的指导和借鉴。

高原高寒地区应急保障垃圾处置实验

为促进我国高原高寒地区应急保障技术及装备高质量发展,实现高原高寒地区灾害现场垃圾及时无害化焚烧处置。依托于公司参与的“十三五”国家重点研发计划科研项目,通过中试实验方法,在海拔3540 m,环境温度-16℃条件下,以格尔木纳赤台为实验场地,验证在高原高寒应急条件下移动式垃圾处置系统对现场存在垃圾的焚烧处置效果。结果表明,该系统可满足高原高寒地区灾害现场200 kg/h垃圾应急保障处置工作,烟气排放符合GB 18484—2020《危险废物焚烧污染控制标准》要求,可有效为高原高寒地区垃圾处置提供技术及装备支撑。

Potentials for win-win alliances among animal agriculture and forest products industries:Application of the princi-ples of industrial ecology and sustainable development

Commercial forests in many parts of the world are deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. These nutrient-deficient forests often exist in close proximity to large animal feeding operations, meat processing and other food, textile, or other biomass-processing plants, and municipal waste treatment facilities. Many of these facilities produce large surpluses of nitrogen,phosphorus, and organic matter as gaseous ammonia, urea, uric acid, phosphorus compounds,bacterial sludges, and partially treated municipal wastewaters. These co-existing and substantial nutrient deficiencies and surpluses offer ready-made opportunities for discovery, demonstration,and commercial development of science-based, technology-facilitated, environmentally sound,economically viable, and socially acceptable "win-win alliances" among these major industries based on the principles of industrial ecology and sustainable development. The major challenge is to discover practical means to capture the surplus nutrients and put them to work in forest stands from which value-added products can be produced and sold at a profit.

白菜尾菜饲料化利用技术

白菜是我国产量最大的蔬菜,在其处理过程中产生大量的尾菜,而随意丢弃等不恰当的处理方式造成了巨大的资源浪费和严重的环境污染。白菜尾菜富含蛋白质、硫代葡萄糖苷、矿物质等营养物质,可制备成优良的畜禽饲料。然而,营养成分不明确、季节性产生和易腐烂等特征限制了白菜尾菜饲料化利用的高效开展。因此,文章综述了我国白菜的生产现状、白菜尾菜的营养特点以及饲料化技术和饲喂效果,并对白菜尾菜饲料化的未来研究趋势提出展望,以期为白菜尾菜的饲料化提供理论和技术上的参考。

黑水虻转化厨余垃圾及产品应用相关研究进展

随着厨余垃圾产量的逐年增加以及中国垃圾分类政策的实施,适合、有效的厨余垃圾处理技术受到了广泛关注。黑水虻可有效分解厨余垃圾并将其转化为油脂和蛋白质等高价值生物质,是一种环境友好且成本效益高的方法。然而目前对于黑水虻产品在实际应用中的安全性尚未完全明确。文章总结了黑水虻生物特性及其处理厨余垃圾的优势,分析了以厨余垃圾饲喂黑水虻过程中存在的安全影响因素,详细讨论了黑水虻幼虫的应用及其产生的经济、环境和社会效益。最后对黑水虻转化厨余垃圾的前景进行了展望,以促进厨余垃圾的高效回收及高产值利用。

黑水虻幼虫转化有机废弃物的研究进展

全世界每年产出大量高有机质、高油脂率和高含水率的废弃物,若处理不当,将会对生态环境和人体健康造成极大威胁。这些有机废弃物的无害化处理和资源化利用是解决该难题的重要手段。目前,以黑水虻为代表的昆虫生物转化技术是应对有机废弃物污染最有潜力的策略之一,该技术低耗能低排放且具有良好社会、生态和经济效益,将为构建和谐生态体系打下坚实基础。文章对黑水虻的生物特性,对餐厨垃圾、畜禽粪便等有机废弃物的生物转化,微生物在此过程中的协同作用和幼虫资源化应用等方面进行了阐述,并对黑水虻发展前景进行了分析。

医学院校实验动物废弃物的安全处置及管理

医学院校用于教学和科研的实验动物数量越来越多,所产生的废弃物也日益增多,给公共卫生安全构成一定隐患。文章阐述了实验动物废气、废水、废弃垫料、动物尸体,实验耗材等废弃物的来源、危害和安全处置方法。分析了医学院校在实验动物废弃物处置和管理中存在的问题和不足,并从健全法规制度、完善监督体系、加强宣传培训、改进处置技术、加大经费投入、改善工作条件、落实安全防护措施等方面对医学院校实验动物废弃物的管理提出了建议。