In this paper, we conduct research on the operation mechanism of claim in civil procedure law and the applications on the court trial way reform. The ultimate goal of the rule of law lies in identifying and protecting...In this paper, we conduct research on the operation mechanism of claim in civil procedure law and the applications on the court trial way reform. The ultimate goal of the rule of law lies in identifying and protecting the rights of citizens. Way to protect the rights of citizens is diverse, but the judicial relief is the most basic and important form of insurance. Everyone can “into” the court and get the impartiality of the judicial relief, is a measure of a country judicial level height and the rule of law implementation degree of important yardstick. Judicial system and judicial procedure to build and build a better, if the subject of litigation rights are not being met and the safeguard, can’t get through the door and it is the legislators and legal scholars over the many efforts are meaningless, under this basic condition, we propose the new perspective on the corresponding issues that is necessary.展开更多
With the advancement of Communication,Navigation and Surveillance(CNS)technolo-gies such as space-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast/Contract(ADS-B/C),large separation minima may be reduced in procedural...With the advancement of Communication,Navigation and Surveillance(CNS)technolo-gies such as space-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast/Contract(ADS-B/C),large separation minima may be reduced in procedural airspaces.It is of great significance to know the upper limit of the Reduced Separation Minima(RSM)for a procedural airspace and the corre-sponding consequences on collision risk with specifics of the advanced ADS-B and control interven-tion model.In this work,an interactive software is first developed for collision risk estimation.This software integrates the International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO)collision risk models for lateral and longitudinal collision risk calculation for the Singapore procedural airspace.Results demonstrate that the lateral and longitudinal collision risk of Singapore procedural airspace with respect to current control procedures meets the ICAO Target Level of Safety(TLS)standard.Moreover,the feasibility of reducing the horizontal separations implemented in the Singapore pro-cedural airspace with respect to advanced CNS techniques is investigated.It is found that if advanced CNS technologies are applied,then the current 50-NM lateral and longitudinal separa-tion standards can be reduced to 22 NM(1 NM=1.825 km)and 20 NM,respectively,to meet the TLS standards based on current demand.A method is then devised to expand the traffic demand by p for p∈[10%,200%].It is found that the minimum lateral and longitudinal separa-tions can be reduced from 50 NM to be within the range of[23,31]NM,and 20 NM,respectively,for p∈[10%,200%],while the collision risk still meets the TLS standards.展开更多
目的为药品上市许可制度下委托生产双方的责任约定提供建议。方法通过查阅国内外法规及文献,分析上市许可制度下,美欧对药品委托生产的要求及委托双方责任约定的要素。结果美国食品药品管理局(U.S.Food and Drug Administration,FDA)建...目的为药品上市许可制度下委托生产双方的责任约定提供建议。方法通过查阅国内外法规及文献,分析上市许可制度下,美欧对药品委托生产的要求及委托双方责任约定的要素。结果美国食品药品管理局(U.S.Food and Drug Administration,FDA)建议委托双方签订质量协议,欧盟药品管理局(European Medicines Agency,EMA)要求双方签订委托合同,委托双方应在协议或合同中明确委托活动、双方责任、争议解决条款、协议内容变更程序及双方的沟通程序,其中最重要的两点是双方责任划分和协议内容变更程序。结论实施上市许可制度后,委托生产的委托方范围及受托范围均扩大,委托生产更易出现。委托协议中应特别明确产品的放行权、建立委托双方的沟通计划、明确协议内容的变更及验证程序和产品运输及储存条件。且监管部门有必要制定委托生产协议相关指南,指导委托双方约定责任义务,最终保证生产出的药品符合GMP和上市许可。展开更多
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on the operation mechanism of claim in civil procedure law and the applications on the court trial way reform. The ultimate goal of the rule of law lies in identifying and protecting the rights of citizens. Way to protect the rights of citizens is diverse, but the judicial relief is the most basic and important form of insurance. Everyone can “into” the court and get the impartiality of the judicial relief, is a measure of a country judicial level height and the rule of law implementation degree of important yardstick. Judicial system and judicial procedure to build and build a better, if the subject of litigation rights are not being met and the safeguard, can’t get through the door and it is the legislators and legal scholars over the many efforts are meaningless, under this basic condition, we propose the new perspective on the corresponding issues that is necessary.
文摘With the advancement of Communication,Navigation and Surveillance(CNS)technolo-gies such as space-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast/Contract(ADS-B/C),large separation minima may be reduced in procedural airspaces.It is of great significance to know the upper limit of the Reduced Separation Minima(RSM)for a procedural airspace and the corre-sponding consequences on collision risk with specifics of the advanced ADS-B and control interven-tion model.In this work,an interactive software is first developed for collision risk estimation.This software integrates the International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO)collision risk models for lateral and longitudinal collision risk calculation for the Singapore procedural airspace.Results demonstrate that the lateral and longitudinal collision risk of Singapore procedural airspace with respect to current control procedures meets the ICAO Target Level of Safety(TLS)standard.Moreover,the feasibility of reducing the horizontal separations implemented in the Singapore pro-cedural airspace with respect to advanced CNS techniques is investigated.It is found that if advanced CNS technologies are applied,then the current 50-NM lateral and longitudinal separa-tion standards can be reduced to 22 NM(1 NM=1.825 km)and 20 NM,respectively,to meet the TLS standards based on current demand.A method is then devised to expand the traffic demand by p for p∈[10%,200%].It is found that the minimum lateral and longitudinal separa-tions can be reduced from 50 NM to be within the range of[23,31]NM,and 20 NM,respectively,for p∈[10%,200%],while the collision risk still meets the TLS standards.
文摘目的为药品上市许可制度下委托生产双方的责任约定提供建议。方法通过查阅国内外法规及文献,分析上市许可制度下,美欧对药品委托生产的要求及委托双方责任约定的要素。结果美国食品药品管理局(U.S.Food and Drug Administration,FDA)建议委托双方签订质量协议,欧盟药品管理局(European Medicines Agency,EMA)要求双方签订委托合同,委托双方应在协议或合同中明确委托活动、双方责任、争议解决条款、协议内容变更程序及双方的沟通程序,其中最重要的两点是双方责任划分和协议内容变更程序。结论实施上市许可制度后,委托生产的委托方范围及受托范围均扩大,委托生产更易出现。委托协议中应特别明确产品的放行权、建立委托双方的沟通计划、明确协议内容的变更及验证程序和产品运输及储存条件。且监管部门有必要制定委托生产协议相关指南,指导委托双方约定责任义务,最终保证生产出的药品符合GMP和上市许可。
