The First Five Years of a Phase Theory for Complex Systems and Networks

In this paper,we review the development of a phase theory for systems and networks in its first five years,represented by a trilogy:Matrix phases and their properties;The MIMO LTI system phase response,its physical interpretations,the small phase theorem,and the sectored real lemma;The synchronization of a multi-agent network using phase alignment.Towards the end,we also summarize a list of ongoing research on the phase theory and speculate what will happen in the next five years.

Comparative study on phase transition behaviors of fractional molecular field theory and random-site Ising model

Fractional molecular field theory(FMFT)is a phenomenological theory that describes phase transitions in crystals with randomly distributed components,such as the relaxor-ferroelectrics and spin glasses.In order to verify the feasibility of this theory,this paper fits it to the Monte Carlo simulations of specific heat and susceptibility versus temperature of two-dimensional(2D)random-site Ising model(2D-RSIM).The results indicate that the FMFT deviates from the 2D-RSIM significantly.The main reason for the deviation is that the 2D-RSIM is a typical system of component random distribution,where the real order parameter is spatially heterogeneous and has no symmetry of space translation,but the basic assumption of FMFT means that the parameter is spatially uniform and has symmetry of space translation.

Durable hierarchical phosphorus‐doped biphase MoS_(2)electrocatalysts with enhanced H^(*)adsorption

Phase engineering is an efficient strategy for enhancing the kinetics of electrocatalytic reactions.Herein,phase engineering was employed to prepare high‐performance phosphorous‐doped biphase(1T/2H)MoS_(2)(P‐BMS)nanoflakes for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).The doping of MoS_(2)with P atoms modifies its electronic structure and optimizes its electrocatalytic reaction kinetics,which significantly enhances its electrical conductivity and structural stability,which are verified by various characterization tools,including X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy,high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy,X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy,and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure.Moreover,the hierarchically formed flakes of P‐BMS provide numerous catalytic surface‐active sites,which remarkably enhance its HER activity.The optimized P‐BMS electrocatalysts exhibit low overpotentials(60 and 72 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2))in H_(2)SO_(4)(0.5 M)and KOH(1.0 M),respectively.The mechanism of improving the HER activity of the material was systematically studied using density functional theory calculations and various electrochemical characterization techniques.This study has shown that phase engineering is a promising strategy for enhancing the H*adsorption of metal sulfides.

The Dao of Mathematical Creativity,Symmetry Theories,and Yin-Yang Philosophy With Their Classroom Applications

This paper introduces creativity,one of the significant features in maths.The creative mathematical beauty of symmetry and asymmetry are worth investigating in the practicing of Taichi.Symmetrical variances make the real world.Symmetry can be regarded as a kind of mirroring,like the line symmetry,the mirror image of the other parts,or rotational symmetry.Such characteristics can be vividly demonstrated in the traditional Chinese philosophical yin-yang theory(YY).The accompanying of male and female reveals the friendly cooperative relationship.YY reflects the counterparts of vacancy and firm,inhale and exhale,noun and verb,theory and practice,light and heavy,slow and fast,the pace,the sound effect in the classroom.Such an analysis is undergone about yin and yang in Yi School and Dao De Ching(DDC).Furthermore,there are detailed arguments of the symmetric nature of every verse of DDC,revealing the cultural value of the language.Their applications in the class admit the recognition under the new liberal arts project by China’s Ministry of Education.Yet,the integration of research and teaching is required to go further.

First-Principles Study of the High-Temperature Behaviors of the Willemite-Ⅱ and Post-Phenacite Phases of Silicon Nitride

The structural and elastic properties of the recently-discovered wⅡ- and δ-Si3N4 are investigated through the plane-wave pseudo-potential method within ultrasoft pseudopotentials.The elastic constants show that wⅡ- and δ-Si3N4 are mechanically stable in the pressure ranges of 0-50 GPa and 40-50 GPa,respectively.The α→wⅡ phase transition can be observed at 18.6 GPa and 300 K.The β→δ phase transformation occurs at pressures of 29.6,32.1,35.9,39.6,41.8,and 44.1 GPa when the temperatures are100,200,300,400,500,and 600 K,respectively.The results show that the interactions among the N-2s,Si-3s,3p bands（lower valence band） and the Si-3p,N-2p bands（upper valence band） play an important role in the stabilities of the wⅡ and S phases.Moreover,several thermodynamic parameters（thermal expansion,free energy,bulk modulus and heat capacity） of δ-Si3N4 are also obtained.Some interesting features are found in these properties.δ-Si3N4 is predicted to be a negative thermal expansion material.The adiabatic bulk modulus decreases with applied pressure,but a majority of materials show the opposite trend.Further experimental investigations with higher precisions may be required to determine the fundamental properties of wⅡ- andδ-Si3N4.

The Proof That There Are No Invariabilities of Lorentz Transformations in the Interaction Theories of Micro-Particle Physics

It is proved in this paper that there are at least five situations in the interaction theories of microparticle physics that the Lorentz transformations have no invariabilities. 1) In the formula to calculate transition probabilities in particle physics, the so-called invariability factor of phase space d3p/E is not invariable actually under the Lorentz transformations. Only in one-dimensional motion with uy = uz = 0, it is invariable. 2) The propagation function of spinor field in quantum theory of field has no invariability of Lorentz Transformation actually. What appears in the transformation is the sum of Lorentz factors aμνaλμ ≠ δνλ when ν, λ = 1, 4, rather than aμνaλμ = δνλ. But in the current calculation, we take aμνaλμ = δνλ. The confusion of subscript’s position leads to wrong result. 3) Though the motion equations of quantum fields and the interaction Hamiltonian are unchanged under the Lorentz transformation, the motion equation of perturbation which is used to calculate the transition probability in the interaction representation has no invariability. 4) The interactions between bound state’s particles have no Lorentz invariability. In fact, the principle of relativity has no approximation if it holds. 5) The calculation methods of high order perturbations normalization processes in quantum theory of fields violate the invariability of Lorentz transformation. The conclusions above are effective for strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions and so on. Therefore, the principle of relativity does not hold in the micro-particle’s interactions. On the other hand, the invariability principle of light’s speed is still effective. So the formulas of special relativity still hold, but we should consider them with absolute significances.

Chemical Reactivity Description in Density-Functional and Information Theories

In Quantum Information Theory(QIT) the classical measures of information content in probability distributions are replaced by the corresponding resultant entropic descriptors containing the nonclassical terms generated by the state phase or its gradient(electronic current). The classical Shannon(S[p]) and Fisher(I[p]) information terms probe the entropic content of incoherent local events of the particle localization, embodied in the probability distribution p, while their nonclassical phase-companions, S[ Φ ] and I[ Φ ], provide relevant coherence information supplements.Thermodynamic-like couplings between the entropic and energetic descriptors of molecular states are shown to be precluded by the principles of quantum mechanics. The maximum of resultant entropy determines the phase-equilibrium state, defined by "thermodynamic" phase related to electronic density,which can be used to describe reactants in hypothetical stages of a bimolecular chemical reaction.Information channels of molecular systems and their entropic bond indices are summarized, the complete-bridge propagations are examined, and sequential cascades involving the complete sets of the atomic-orbital intermediates are interpreted as Markov chains. The QIT description is applied to reactive systems R = A―B, composed of the Acidic(A) and Basic(B) reactants. The electronegativity equalization processes are investigated and implications of the concerted patterns of electronic flows in equilibrium states of the complementarily arranged substrates are investigated. Quantum communications between reactants are explored and the QIT descriptors of the A―B bond multiplicity/composition are extracted.

Electronic properties and topological phases of ThXY(X= Pb, Au, Pt and Y= Sb, Bi, Sn) compounds

The electronic properties and topological phases of ThXY （X = Pb, Au, Pt, Pd and Y = Sb, Bi, Sn） compounds in the presence of spin-orbit coupling, using density functional theory are investigated. The ThPtSn compound is stable in the ferromagnetic phase and the other ThXY compounds are stable in nonmagnetic phases. Band structures of these compounds in topological phases （insulator or metal） and normal phases within generalized gradient approximation （GGA） and Engel- Vosko generalized gradient approximation （GGA_EV） are compared. The ThPtSn, ThPtBi, ThPtSb, ThPdBi, and ThAuBi compounds have topological phases and the other ThXY compounds have normal phases. Band inversion strengths and topological phases of these compounds at different pressure are studied. It is seen that the band inversion strengths of these compounds are sensitive to pressure and for each compound a second-order polynomial fitted on the band inversion strengths-pressure curves.

Simple Landau Model of the Liquid-RII-RI Rotator Phases of Alkanes

Simple Landau free energy function is presented to describe the Liquid-RII-RI phase sequence of alkanes and transitions between them. The order parameters necessary to describe these rotator phase transitions are identified. We present a mean-field description of the Liquid-RII and Liquid-RI transitions. General arguments are presented for the topology of the phase diagram in the vicinity of the Liquid-RII-RI triple point. Within this model the Liquid-RII and Liquid-RI transitions are found to be always strongly first order. Calculations based on this model agree qualitatively with experiments.

The Guidance and Meaning directed by the Three Phases of Memory on the Reading of Literature Works Written by the Style of Stream of Consciousness ——taking the Work Hear the Wind Sing by Haruki Murakami as an Example

Recently, the researchers put their attention on the literature works on Virginia Woolf or James Joyce too heavily just because the skill of stream of consciousness is used through the novel completely. Choosing this novel by Japanese writer as an example is an experiment, because the stream of consciousness as a composing method has melted its impression into the modem novel. And in the researcher＇s opinion, regardless the traditional part, the researching focus should be shifted on the works written by nowadays writer. To begin this paper, there are four questions should be solved： First, the definition of stream of consciousness should be known clearly; another question is the structure analysis of structure of Hear the Wind Sing; secondly, compared with the mental space theory and blending theory by Fauconnier, how to judge the function of Three Phases of memory＇s direction on reading should be focused on; thirdly, the reason why readers meet the problem of barrier when they read the stream of consciousness novel, and how the memory helps to solve the problem should be study in this section. Fourth, the extra factors which support the function of memory will enhance the skill of reading the SOC novel and finally foreground the meaning.

Explanation of Relation between Wave Function and Probability Density Based on Quantum Mechanics in Phase Space

The main problem of quantum mechanics is to elucidate why the probability density is the modulus square of wave function. For the purpose of solving this problem, we explored the possibility of deducing the fundamental equation of quantum mechanics by starting with the probability density. To do so, it is necessary to formulate a new theory of quantum mechanics distinguished from the previous ones. Our investigation shows that it is possible to construct quantum mechanics in phase space as an alternative autonomous formulation and such a possibility enables us to study quantum mechanics by starting with the probability density rather than the wave function. This direction of research is contrary to configuration-space formulation of quantum mechanics starting with the wave function. Our work leads to a full understanding of the wave function as the both mathematically and physically sufficient representation of quantum-mechanical state which supplements information on quantum state given solely by the probability density with phase information on quantum state. The final result of our work is that quantum mechanics in phase space satisfactorily elucidates the relation between the wave function and the probability density by using the consistent procedure starting with the probability density, thus corroborating the ontological interpretation of the wave function and withdrawing a main assumption of quantum mechanics.

基于分解集成及不确定理论的碳价格预测

准确的碳市场价格预测是碳排放交易市场相关政策制定和碳金融发展的基础.为消除碳市场价格原始序列存在的非线性、非平稳性、高噪声性和不确定性,准确预测碳市场价格,论文将不确定理论、集合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)和径向基神经网络(radial basis function,简称RBF)相结合,构建了碳市场价格预测模型,并将其应用于广东省碳市场价格预测.首先通过EEMD算法和fine-to-coarse方法对原始的碳市场价格数据进行分解和重构,得到具有不同变化规律的高频项和低频项,并将其代入RBF神经网络进行训练,然后采用不确定理论,对低频项的输出权重进行不确定性分析,对残差趋势项采用线性回归进行拟合,最后将3个子项的预测结果进行集成求和得到最终的碳市场价格预测值.实证结果表明无论是在均方根误差(root mean square error,简称RMSE)、平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,简称MAE)还是在平均绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage error,简称MAPE)指标方面,论文模型在碳市场价格预测方面都比其他预测模型更具优势,预测结果更准确.

换热管表面的分形表征及积灰特性数值模拟

【目的】模拟换热器管束的实际工况,研究不同粒径飞灰颗粒在粗糙管束表面的沉积特性。【方法】基于分形理论,通过改进的Weierstrass-Mandelbrot函数建立不同粗糙程度的管束表面模型,使用Fluent软件,结合用户自定义函数,分析表面形貌对流体流动的影响以及不同粒径下的颗粒沉积与碰撞特性。【结果】换热器管束表面粗糙度对壁面附近流速和湍流强度影响显著,粗糙表面会使湍流强度增大、流体速度降低,进一步加快颗粒沉积;流体压降随着管束表面粗糙度的增大而增大;相对于光滑管束表面,粗糙表面通过涡流卷吸作用增强对颗粒的捕获效果,导致颗粒具有更高的沉积率和壁面碰撞概率。【结论】飞灰颗粒的沉积与管束粗糙表面的形成具有正反馈效应,揭示表面粗糙度与颗粒沉积特性之间的内在关联。

行为分阶段转变理论的个案管理模式在慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者中的应用

目的探讨行为分阶段转变理论的个案管理模式在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(以下简称“慢阻肺”)稳定期患者中的应用效果。方法纳入南京市第一医院2021年6月至2022年6月门诊访视的112例慢阻肺稳定期患者进行前瞻性研究,通过随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各56例。对照组给予个案管理模式干预,观察组给予行为分阶段转变理论的个案管理模式。两组均连续干预6个月。比较干预前、干预6个月后呼吸功能[圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)、改良版英国医院研究委员会呼吸困难量表(m MRC)]、自我管理能力[健康行为能力自评量表(SRAHP)]。结果干预后,两组SGRQ、m MRC评分均低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组SRAHP评分高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论行为分阶段转变理论的个案管理模式提高慢阻肺稳定期患者的自我管理能力,改善呼吸功能,具有较好应用效果。

基于物种敏感度分布及相平衡理论的汾河流域磺胺类抗生素生态风险阈值研究

磺胺素类抗生素(SAs)广泛应用于医疗、畜禽养殖等领域。但过量的SAs通过多种方式最终进入流域水体和沉积物中,对流域生态系统带来潜在的风险。预测无效应浓度(PNEC)可以作为评估污染物潜在生态风险的阈值,因此确定水体和沉积物中SAs的PNEC是风险评估的关键。本研究以黄河支流——汾河流域为研究区,通过采集水体和沉积物的样品,发现水体中SAs的磺胺甲恶唑(SMX)含量最高,均值为73.6 ng·L^(-1),而磺胺醋酰(SAAM)检出率最高,高达100%。沉积物中仅检出了2种SAs类抗生素,为磺胺醋酰(SAAM)和磺胺喹恶啉(SQX),但检出频率却高达100%。基于物种敏感度分布(SSD)得到水体中SAs的生态风险阈值为3.40~440μg·L^(-1)。在此基础上,基于水-沉积物密度、体积比等参数,采用相平衡理论(EqP)进一步得到了沉积物中SAs的生态风险阈值为0.065~75.5 mg·kg^(-1)。基于确定的生态风险阈值,对汾河流域SAs现状进行风险评估,结果表明仅水体中的甲氧苄啶(TMP)的风险商(RQ)均值为0.014,存在一定的低风险,但超标概率仅为8%,而其他类别在水体和沉积物中RQ均低于0.01,均无显著风险。

基于波动应力信息的隧道地质三维超前探测技术

在隧道施工过程中,地质超前预报技术是必要手段和工序,也是制约隧道施工技术发展的关键技术难题。地震波法隧道超前地质预报施作是一个力学过程。本文将隧道围岩假设为固、气(孔隙)双相介质,在Biot波动理论的基础上,通过分析人工地震波引起的围岩应力应变关系,结合反射面处的地震波入射、折射、透射连续方程及波阻抗与反射系数关系,得到了围岩广义应力梯度与地震波瞬时振幅与瞬时频率之间的关系表达式,并建立了围岩应力信息与地质信息的联系。在此基础上,将隧道围岩广义应力梯度作为评价地质灾害的重要指标,形成了基于围岩应力信息的地震波超前地质预报方法,解决了现有预报多解性问题。经过现场试验验证,围岩应力信息能够很好地表达地质岩性变化,结合波速和走时,可以准确判定地质灾害规模、类型及位置。

基于电容电压全前馈的并网逆变器高鲁棒性稳定控制策略

虽然并网逆变器采用电容电压全前馈控制策略,能够有效抑制电网电压背景谐波对并网电流的影响。但是在弱电网工况环境下,由于锁相环、数字控制延时等因素与电网阻抗相互耦合,导致逆变器稳定较差、在阻抗交截频域中呈现弱无源性,易引发系统谐波振荡甚至失稳问题。鉴于此,该文借助无源性理论和阻抗分析方法,深度揭示了影响系统各频带阻抗特性的主导因素,进而提出了一种基于电容电压全前馈的并网逆变器高鲁棒性稳定控制策略。理论分析表明:所提控制策略不仅能有效地拓宽系统输出阻抗稳定范围,还可以保证改进后的系统输出阻抗具有较高的幅值增益。最后,通过仿真和实验验证了所提控制策略的有效性。

颗粒间的智慧:化学工程专家李洪钟院士的流态化人生

李洪钟是我国著名化学工程学家,流态化研究领域的学术带头人之一。他建立了非流态化气固两相流理论,丰富了多相流学科的科学内涵,有效解决粉体工业生产技术难题;通过自研微观摄像机,在国际上首次拍到快速流化床的颗粒聚团和稀密两相结构,引起了学术界广泛关注;提出了气固流态化散式化理论方法,大幅提高了传统多相反应器的转化效率;构建了气固流化床结构传递关系与反应行为的量化调控方法,推进流态化工业开发与过程工程学科研究。文章从李洪钟求学经历、创新科研、工业开发和著书育人等方面揭示了他献身报国的科学家精神。

运气学说指导下的乌梅丸临床应用体会

运气学说是中医学理论的基础,是中医学天人相应整体观的体现。学习五运六气,正确对待五运六气,对临床诊疗疾病具有积极的指导意义。乌梅丸为医圣张仲景所创,主治蛔厥、久利,经后世医家不断发挥,现已广泛应用于证见寒热错杂的内外妇儿诸多疾病。以运气学说指导乌梅丸应用时,要抓住厥阴枢机不利的病机,从辨天、辨人、辨病证三方面分析,当疾病在丑至卯时(厥阴病欲解时)发作或加重时,证属寒热错杂、阴阳不相顺接时,运气因素与“厥阴风木”相关时,乌梅丸常有良效。

基于PR—Henry改进模型的酸性天然气——地层水体系及其相平衡特征分析

准确表征酸性天然气—地层水体系的相平衡规律,对于天然气开发过程中的水溶气量和凝析水量分析具有重要意义,但目前常用的PR状态方程与Henry定律等理论对酸性天然气—地层水体系的相平衡研究还存在不适用的问题。为进一步考虑酸性气体和地层水矿化度对体系相平衡的影响,改进并提高对天然气溶解度和饱和含水量的计算精度,在PR状态方程与Henry定律相结合建立的PR—Henry模型基础上,考虑了溶解盐对体系相平衡的影响,采用定标粒子理论(SPT)修正了Henry常数,建立了改进的PR—Henry模型,最后分析了天然气组成、压力、温度和盐水含盐量对天然气溶解量和饱和含水量的影响。研究结果表明:(1)模型计算结果与实测资料对比,平均相对偏差分别为5.3%和4.55%,表明该模型能够应用于不同温度、压力和组成的酸性天然气-地层水体系的相平衡计算;(2)天然气在地层水中的溶解量受天然气组成、温度、压力和地层水含盐量的影响;(3)天然气饱和含水量受温度和压力影响十分明显。结论认为,改进的PR—Henry模型为天然气开采过程评价和CO_(2)埋存溶解量计算提供了一种有效的方法,对于评估天然气可采储量及开发特征具有重要的参考意义。