Dynamic spectrum sharing and cognitive radio networks were proposed to enhance the Radio Frequency(RF)spectrum utilization.However,there are several challenges to realize them in real systems,such as sensing uncertain...Dynamic spectrum sharing and cognitive radio networks were proposed to enhance the Radio Frequency(RF)spectrum utilization.However,there are several challenges to realize them in real systems,such as sensing uncertainty causing issues to licensed users,business models for licensed service providers.Wireless virtualization is regarded as a technology that leverages service level agreements to sublease unused or underutilized RF spectrum that addresses aforementioned issues and helps to significantly enhance the utilization of the RF spectrum,offer improved coverage and capacity of networks,enhance network security and reduce energy consumption.With wireless virtualization,wireless networks'physical substrate is shared and reconfigured dynamically between virtual wireless networks through Mobile Virtual Network Operations(MVNOs).Wireless virtualization with dynamic configurable features of Wireless Infrastructure Providers(WIPs),virtualized wireless networks are vulnerable to a multitude of attacks,including jamming attacks and eavesdropping attacks.This paper investigates a means of defense through the employment of coalition game theory when jammers try to degrade the signal quality of legitimate users,and eavesdroppers aim to reduce secrecy rates.Specifically,we consider a virtual wireless network where MVNO users'job is to improve their Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio(SINR)while the jammers target to collectively enhance their Jammer Received Signal Strength(JRSS),and an eavesdropper's goal is to reduce the overall secrecy rate.Numerical results have demonstrated that the proposed game strategies are effective(in terms of data rate,secrecy rate and latency)against such attackers compared to the traditional approaches.展开更多
We investigate the thermal characteristics of standard organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using a simple and clear 1D thermal model based on the basic heat transfer theory. The thermal model can accurately estima...We investigate the thermal characteristics of standard organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using a simple and clear 1D thermal model based on the basic heat transfer theory. The thermal model can accurately estimate the device temperature, which is linearly with electrical input power. The simulation results show that there is almost no temperature gradient within the OLED device working under steady state conditions. Furthermore, thermal analysis simulation results show that the surface properties (convective heat transfer coetficient and surface emissivity) of the substrate or cathode can significantly affect the temperature distribution of the OLED.展开更多
Objective Any natural system is constantly exchanging material, energy and information with the environment, and all tkese processes follow the basic law of thermodynamics, with no exception of groundwater recharge a...Objective Any natural system is constantly exchanging material, energy and information with the environment, and all tkese processes follow the basic law of thermodynamics, with no exception of groundwater recharge and discharge process. On the basis of the principle of the first law of thermodynamics, the reverse geochemical simulation method is widely used in the study of groundwater recharge, runoff and drainage process. However, some studies only consider the material conservation in theprocess, but ignore the probability of the transformation.展开更多
The closure of a turbulence field is a longstanding fundamental problem, while most closure models are introduced in spectral space. Inspired by Chou's quasi-normal closure method in spectral space, we propose an ana...The closure of a turbulence field is a longstanding fundamental problem, while most closure models are introduced in spectral space. Inspired by Chou's quasi-normal closure method in spectral space, we propose an analytical closure model for isotropic turbulence based on the extended scale similarity theory of the velocity structure function in physical space. The assumptions and certain approximations are justified with direct numerical simulation. The asymptotic scaling properties are reproduced by this new closure method, in comparison to the classical Batchelor model.展开更多
Based on the two-component relativistic effective core potential and matched basis sets cc-pwcvnz-pp (n=Q, 5), combining the completed basis-set extrapolation of electronic correlation energy and the fourth-order po...Based on the two-component relativistic effective core potential and matched basis sets cc-pwcvnz-pp (n=Q, 5), combining the completed basis-set extrapolation of electronic correlation energy and the fourth-order polynomial fitting technique, the bond length and spectroscopic constants of Hg2 are studied by the coupled cluster theory with spin-orbit coupling. Spin-orbit coupling is included in the post Hartree-Fock procedure, i.e., in the coupled- cluster iteration, to obtain more reliable theoretical results. The results show that our theoretical values agree with the experimental values very well and will be helpful to understand the spectral character of Hg2.展开更多
We present a theoretical investigation of the scattering of high frequency S0 Lamb mode from a circular blind hole defect in a plate based on the 3D theory. The SO wave is incident at the frequency above the A1 mode c...We present a theoretical investigation of the scattering of high frequency S0 Lamb mode from a circular blind hole defect in a plate based on the 3D theory. The SO wave is incident at the frequency above the A1 mode cut-off frequency, in which the popular approximate plate theories are inapplicable. Due to the non-symmetric blind hole defect, the scattered fields will contain higher order converted modes in addition to the fundamental SO and AO modes. The far-field scattering amplitudes of various propagating Lamb modes for different hole sizes are inspected. The results are compared with those of lower frequencies and some different phenomena are found. Two-dimensional Fourier transform (2DFT) results of transient scattered Lamb and SH wave signals agree well with the analytical dispersion curves, which check the validity of the solutions from another point of view.展开更多
Rigid ellipsoidal objects(gravels and porphyroclasts)in ductile zone is an important factor to indicate the kinematics and dynamics.Jeffery’s theory(Jeffery G,1922),a quantitative research method,for the rotation oft...Rigid ellipsoidal objects(gravels and porphyroclasts)in ductile zone is an important factor to indicate the kinematics and dynamics.Jeffery’s theory(Jeffery G,1922),a quantitative research method,for the rotation ofthe rigid objects(no deformation)in the Newtonian fluid of the simple deformation field has been widely applied by geologists to the study of fabrics in rocks.The theory展开更多
Human Consciousness is one of most elusive issues in the scientific history. Its nature created major historical debate started thousands of years ago and still ongoing. Despite the explosive developments in the last ...Human Consciousness is one of most elusive issues in the scientific history. Its nature created major historical debate started thousands of years ago and still ongoing. Despite the explosive developments in the last century to explore its nature, the knowledge about it is still deficient. The important advances in the twentieth and 21st centuries in understanding cerebral cortex dynamics fortified by the dominant materialistic approach of the era dictated its impact on consciousness science, which is perceived as sole human brain function. This original review is a call for holistic perception of human consciousness incorporating the ancient wisdom of the human civilizations with the massive current era advances in different disciplines of applied sciences. The description of René Descartes in the 17th century of the Cartesian dualism is timely to revisit with new holistic perspective, in view of the major advances of our understanding of heart brain communications, astrophysical resonances with human heart ascending afferents to central nervous system, and signaling between humans and the space. Universal vibrations, frequencies and resonances as perceived by Nikola Tesla constitute the core of our new conceptual and experimental perspective on human consciousness. Neural and psychological correlates of human consciousness which dominate the consciousness research nowadays should undergo revolutionary conceptual understanding to perceive consciousness as a massive universal event expanding from human genes to galaxies. In the next discussion, we are going to navigate in the nature and fate of human consciousness with new innovative universal perspective based on heart rate variability of human heart and its cosmic resonances as represented by Schumann Resonances, Solar Wind Indices and Galactic Cosmic Rays. The interpretation of our existential secrets and biology without the space around us is a major gap in our scientific perception of life. The delicate orchestration between human heart and the space frequencies create the great whisper which in our perspective, encodes the secrets of human consciousness.展开更多
A method based on the diffraction theory for estimating the three-dimensional (3D) focusing performance of the compound refractive X-ray lenses is presented in this paper. As a special application, the 3D X-ray intens...A method based on the diffraction theory for estimating the three-dimensional (3D) focusing performance of the compound refractive X-ray lenses is presented in this paper. As a special application, the 3D X-ray intensity distribution near the focus is derived for a plano-concave compound refractive X-ray lens. Moreover, the computer codes are developed and some results of 3D focusing performance for a compound refractive X-ray lens with Si material are shown and discussed.展开更多
Although emission spectral tomography (EST) combines emission spectral measurement with optical computed tomography (OCT), it is difficult to gain transient emission data from a large number of views, therefore, h...Although emission spectral tomography (EST) combines emission spectral measurement with optical computed tomography (OCT), it is difficult to gain transient emission data from a large number of views, therefore, high precision OCT algorithms with few views ought to be studied for EST application. To improve the reconstruction precision in the case of few views, a new computed tomography reconstruction algorithm based on multipurpose optimal criterion and simulated annealing theory (multi-criterion simulated annealing reconstruction technique, MCSART) is proposed. This algorithm can suffice criterion of least squares, criterion of most uniformity, and criterion of most smoothness synchronously. We can get global optimal solution by MCSART algorithm with simulated annealing theory. The simulating experiment result shows that this algorithm is superior to the traditional algorithms under various noises.展开更多
The theory of passive localization for underwater sources based on acoustic ray channel modeling is discussed. The principles of channel modeling in Ray-theory, determination of eigenrays which connect source and rece...The theory of passive localization for underwater sources based on acoustic ray channel modeling is discussed. The principles of channel modeling in Ray-theory, determination of eigenrays which connect source and receiver, analysis of DOA arriving structure and time delay spectrum arriving structure, their relationship to source location are given in the paper. Source location is estimated by matching measured DOA and TDS to their calculated counterparts. The method of Ray-theory based passive localization features its simplicity, less calculation, short array aperture and robust performance to environment parameters, as compared with those methods based on Normal Mode theory.展开更多
An expert system based on the fuzzy set theory has been developed for geological interpretation of Acoustic Seabed Profiling Records(ASPR). After successively extracting each state of several main pattern characterist...An expert system based on the fuzzy set theory has been developed for geological interpretation of Acoustic Seabed Profiling Records(ASPR). After successively extracting each state of several main pattern characteristics shown on the ASPRs, the similarities between this pattern characteristic-state set and the standard ones corresponding to different geological categories of marine sediments are computed respectively By comparillg these values of sidrilarities, the conclusion of geological classification to the ASPR can be derived.展开更多
Vertically aligned γ-AlOOH nanosheets (NSs) have been successfully fabricated on flexible Al foils via a solvothermal route without morphology-directing agents. Three different reaction temperature (25, 80, and 1...Vertically aligned γ-AlOOH nanosheets (NSs) have been successfully fabricated on flexible Al foils via a solvothermal route without morphology-directing agents. Three different reaction temperature (25, 80, and 120 ℃) and time (30 min, 45 min, and 24 h) are discussed for the growth period, which efficiently tune the density and size of theγ-AlOOH NSs. Meanwhile, the growth speed of the nanosheets confirms that dominant growth stage is seen in the initial 45 min. Furthermore, the interlayer of the γ-AlOOH NSs displays an average height of 140 nm and superhydrophilicity. By dynamic adsorption, the as- synthesized γ-AlOOH NSs exhibit an outstanding NH3 adsorption capacity of up to 146 mg/g and stably excellent regeneration for 5 cycles. The mechanism of NH3 adsorption on the in-plane of the γ-AlOOH NSs is explained by the Lewis acid/base theory. The H-bond interactions among the NH3 molecules and the edge groups (-OH) further improve the capture ability of the nanosheets.展开更多
Fact‑finding,as the foundation of a judicial decision,has been an important consideration in China’s judicial reform.This study introduces the theory of evidence‑based information and falsification methods in the fac...Fact‑finding,as the foundation of a judicial decision,has been an important consideration in China’s judicial reform.This study introduces the theory of evidence‑based information and falsification methods in the fact‑finding procedure of criminal investigations and proposes a paradigm for fact‑finding using combined pairs of approaches:individual evidence examination and global analysis,the objective basis and subjective perception of fact‑finders,and methods of verification and falsification.The working procedure of the paradigm is illustrated with the objective of making a contribution to the improvement of the existing model of fact‑finding in the criminal justice process.展开更多
基金This work was supported in part by the US NSF under grants CNS 1650831 and HRD 1828811by the U.S.Department of Homeland Security under grant DHS 2017-ST-062-000003by the DoE's National Nuclear Security Administration(NNSA)Award#DE-NA0003946.
文摘Dynamic spectrum sharing and cognitive radio networks were proposed to enhance the Radio Frequency(RF)spectrum utilization.However,there are several challenges to realize them in real systems,such as sensing uncertainty causing issues to licensed users,business models for licensed service providers.Wireless virtualization is regarded as a technology that leverages service level agreements to sublease unused or underutilized RF spectrum that addresses aforementioned issues and helps to significantly enhance the utilization of the RF spectrum,offer improved coverage and capacity of networks,enhance network security and reduce energy consumption.With wireless virtualization,wireless networks'physical substrate is shared and reconfigured dynamically between virtual wireless networks through Mobile Virtual Network Operations(MVNOs).Wireless virtualization with dynamic configurable features of Wireless Infrastructure Providers(WIPs),virtualized wireless networks are vulnerable to a multitude of attacks,including jamming attacks and eavesdropping attacks.This paper investigates a means of defense through the employment of coalition game theory when jammers try to degrade the signal quality of legitimate users,and eavesdroppers aim to reduce secrecy rates.Specifically,we consider a virtual wireless network where MVNO users'job is to improve their Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio(SINR)while the jammers target to collectively enhance their Jammer Received Signal Strength(JRSS),and an eavesdropper's goal is to reduce the overall secrecy rate.Numerical results have demonstrated that the proposed game strategies are effective(in terms of data rate,secrecy rate and latency)against such attackers compared to the traditional approaches.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11304247the Shaanxi Provincial Research Plan for Young Scientific and Technological New Stars(No 2015KJXX-40)the Youth Foundation of Xi’an University of Post&Telecommunication under Grant Nos 1011215 and 1010473
文摘We investigate the thermal characteristics of standard organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using a simple and clear 1D thermal model based on the basic heat transfer theory. The thermal model can accurately estimate the device temperature, which is linearly with electrical input power. The simulation results show that there is almost no temperature gradient within the OLED device working under steady state conditions. Furthermore, thermal analysis simulation results show that the surface properties (convective heat transfer coetficient and surface emissivity) of the substrate or cathode can significantly affect the temperature distribution of the OLED.
基金granted by the National Natural Science Fund of China(Grant no.51578212)
文摘Objective Any natural system is constantly exchanging material, energy and information with the environment, and all tkese processes follow the basic law of thermodynamics, with no exception of groundwater recharge and discharge process. On the basis of the principle of the first law of thermodynamics, the reverse geochemical simulation method is widely used in the study of groundwater recharge, runoff and drainage process. However, some studies only consider the material conservation in theprocess, but ignore the probability of the transformation.
文摘The closure of a turbulence field is a longstanding fundamental problem, while most closure models are introduced in spectral space. Inspired by Chou's quasi-normal closure method in spectral space, we propose an analytical closure model for isotropic turbulence based on the extended scale similarity theory of the velocity structure function in physical space. The assumptions and certain approximations are justified with direct numerical simulation. The asymptotic scaling properties are reproduced by this new closure method, in comparison to the classical Batchelor model.
基金Supported by the Start-Up Funds of Xi’an Polytechnic University under Grant No BS1211the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department under Grant No 2013JK0679
文摘Based on the two-component relativistic effective core potential and matched basis sets cc-pwcvnz-pp (n=Q, 5), combining the completed basis-set extrapolation of electronic correlation energy and the fourth-order polynomial fitting technique, the bond length and spectroscopic constants of Hg2 are studied by the coupled cluster theory with spin-orbit coupling. Spin-orbit coupling is included in the post Hartree-Fock procedure, i.e., in the coupled- cluster iteration, to obtain more reliable theoretical results. The results show that our theoretical values agree with the experimental values very well and will be helpful to understand the spectral character of Hg2.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11474195,11274226 and 61171145
文摘We present a theoretical investigation of the scattering of high frequency S0 Lamb mode from a circular blind hole defect in a plate based on the 3D theory. The SO wave is incident at the frequency above the A1 mode cut-off frequency, in which the popular approximate plate theories are inapplicable. Due to the non-symmetric blind hole defect, the scattered fields will contain higher order converted modes in addition to the fundamental SO and AO modes. The far-field scattering amplitudes of various propagating Lamb modes for different hole sizes are inspected. The results are compared with those of lower frequencies and some different phenomena are found. Two-dimensional Fourier transform (2DFT) results of transient scattered Lamb and SH wave signals agree well with the analytical dispersion curves, which check the validity of the solutions from another point of view.
文摘Rigid ellipsoidal objects(gravels and porphyroclasts)in ductile zone is an important factor to indicate the kinematics and dynamics.Jeffery’s theory(Jeffery G,1922),a quantitative research method,for the rotation ofthe rigid objects(no deformation)in the Newtonian fluid of the simple deformation field has been widely applied by geologists to the study of fabrics in rocks.The theory
文摘Human Consciousness is one of most elusive issues in the scientific history. Its nature created major historical debate started thousands of years ago and still ongoing. Despite the explosive developments in the last century to explore its nature, the knowledge about it is still deficient. The important advances in the twentieth and 21st centuries in understanding cerebral cortex dynamics fortified by the dominant materialistic approach of the era dictated its impact on consciousness science, which is perceived as sole human brain function. This original review is a call for holistic perception of human consciousness incorporating the ancient wisdom of the human civilizations with the massive current era advances in different disciplines of applied sciences. The description of René Descartes in the 17th century of the Cartesian dualism is timely to revisit with new holistic perspective, in view of the major advances of our understanding of heart brain communications, astrophysical resonances with human heart ascending afferents to central nervous system, and signaling between humans and the space. Universal vibrations, frequencies and resonances as perceived by Nikola Tesla constitute the core of our new conceptual and experimental perspective on human consciousness. Neural and psychological correlates of human consciousness which dominate the consciousness research nowadays should undergo revolutionary conceptual understanding to perceive consciousness as a massive universal event expanding from human genes to galaxies. In the next discussion, we are going to navigate in the nature and fate of human consciousness with new innovative universal perspective based on heart rate variability of human heart and its cosmic resonances as represented by Schumann Resonances, Solar Wind Indices and Galactic Cosmic Rays. The interpretation of our existential secrets and biology without the space around us is a major gap in our scientific perception of life. The delicate orchestration between human heart and the space frequencies create the great whisper which in our perspective, encodes the secrets of human consciousness.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10174079)the fund for the qualified researchers in the Zhejiang University of Technology, P. R. China.
文摘A method based on the diffraction theory for estimating the three-dimensional (3D) focusing performance of the compound refractive X-ray lenses is presented in this paper. As a special application, the 3D X-ray intensity distribution near the focus is derived for a plano-concave compound refractive X-ray lens. Moreover, the computer codes are developed and some results of 3D focusing performance for a compound refractive X-ray lens with Si material are shown and discussed.
基金This work was supported by the Chinese Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60577016)the Foundation(No. 0512034)of Jiangxi Natural Science+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program(No. 2006-164)of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Educationthe Program(No.2005-314)of Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Testing Technology,Ministry of Education.
文摘Although emission spectral tomography (EST) combines emission spectral measurement with optical computed tomography (OCT), it is difficult to gain transient emission data from a large number of views, therefore, high precision OCT algorithms with few views ought to be studied for EST application. To improve the reconstruction precision in the case of few views, a new computed tomography reconstruction algorithm based on multipurpose optimal criterion and simulated annealing theory (multi-criterion simulated annealing reconstruction technique, MCSART) is proposed. This algorithm can suffice criterion of least squares, criterion of most uniformity, and criterion of most smoothness synchronously. We can get global optimal solution by MCSART algorithm with simulated annealing theory. The simulating experiment result shows that this algorithm is superior to the traditional algorithms under various noises.
文摘The theory of passive localization for underwater sources based on acoustic ray channel modeling is discussed. The principles of channel modeling in Ray-theory, determination of eigenrays which connect source and receiver, analysis of DOA arriving structure and time delay spectrum arriving structure, their relationship to source location are given in the paper. Source location is estimated by matching measured DOA and TDS to their calculated counterparts. The method of Ray-theory based passive localization features its simplicity, less calculation, short array aperture and robust performance to environment parameters, as compared with those methods based on Normal Mode theory.
文摘An expert system based on the fuzzy set theory has been developed for geological interpretation of Acoustic Seabed Profiling Records(ASPR). After successively extracting each state of several main pattern characteristics shown on the ASPRs, the similarities between this pattern characteristic-state set and the standard ones corresponding to different geological categories of marine sediments are computed respectively By comparillg these values of sidrilarities, the conclusion of geological classification to the ASPR can be derived.
文摘Vertically aligned γ-AlOOH nanosheets (NSs) have been successfully fabricated on flexible Al foils via a solvothermal route without morphology-directing agents. Three different reaction temperature (25, 80, and 120 ℃) and time (30 min, 45 min, and 24 h) are discussed for the growth period, which efficiently tune the density and size of theγ-AlOOH NSs. Meanwhile, the growth speed of the nanosheets confirms that dominant growth stage is seen in the initial 45 min. Furthermore, the interlayer of the γ-AlOOH NSs displays an average height of 140 nm and superhydrophilicity. By dynamic adsorption, the as- synthesized γ-AlOOH NSs exhibit an outstanding NH3 adsorption capacity of up to 146 mg/g and stably excellent regeneration for 5 cycles. The mechanism of NH3 adsorption on the in-plane of the γ-AlOOH NSs is explained by the Lewis acid/base theory. The H-bond interactions among the NH3 molecules and the edge groups (-OH) further improve the capture ability of the nanosheets.
基金The work is supported by Social Science Foundation of Hebei Province under Grant No.HB18FX023,entitled as The Working Principle and Methods in Fact‑Finding of Criminal Cases.
文摘Fact‑finding,as the foundation of a judicial decision,has been an important consideration in China’s judicial reform.This study introduces the theory of evidence‑based information and falsification methods in the fact‑finding procedure of criminal investigations and proposes a paradigm for fact‑finding using combined pairs of approaches:individual evidence examination and global analysis,the objective basis and subjective perception of fact‑finders,and methods of verification and falsification.The working procedure of the paradigm is illustrated with the objective of making a contribution to the improvement of the existing model of fact‑finding in the criminal justice process.