Variational principles for buckling and vibration of MWCNTs modeled by strain gradient theory

Variational principles for the buckling and vibration of multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） are established with the aid of the semi-inverse method. They are used to derive the natural and geometric boundary conditions coupled by small scale parameters. Hamilton＇s principle and Rayleigh＇s quotient for the buckling and vibration of the MWCNTs are given. The Rayleigh-Ritz method is used to study the buckling and vibration of the single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWCNTs） and double-walled carbon nanotubes （DWCNTs） with three typical boundary conditions. The numerical results reveal that the small scale parameter, aspect ratio, and boundary conditions have a profound effect on the buckling and vibration of the SWCNTs and DWCNTs.

Fault Diagnosis Based on Graph Theory and Linear Discriminant Principle in Electric Power Network

In this paper, we adopt a novel topological approach to fault diagnosis. In our researches, global information will be introduced into electric power network, we are using mainly BFS of graph theory algorithms and linear discriminant principle to resolve fast and exact analysis of faulty components and faulty sections, and finally accomplish fault diagnosis. The results of BFS and linear discriminant are identical. The main technical contributions and innovations in this paper include, introducing global information into electric power network, developing a novel topological analysis to fault diagnosis. Graph theory algorithms can be used to model many different physical and abstract systems such as transportation and communication networks, models for business administration, political science, and psychology and so on. And the linear discriminant is a procedure used to classify an object into one of several a priori groupings dependent on the individual characteristics of the object. In the study of fault diagnosis in electric power network, graph theory algorithms and linear discriminant technology must also have a good prospect of application.

Vocabulary Teaching in College English Based on the Wholeness Principle of Gestalt Theory

Vocabulary teaching is always a difficulty to English teachers while learners have found the task of accumulating vocabulary time-consuming,boring,and ineffective.This paper intends to explain vocabulary teaching and learning based on the wholeness principle of Gestalt Theory,which emphasizes the wholeness of experience and behaviors.It points out that without an organic whole,the learning process will be incomplete and ineffective.The process of learning is not the accumulation of piecemeal examination of the isolated elements.It is anticipated that the efficiency of classroom teaching and learning can be improved.

A Study of Verbal Humor in Public Speech from the Perspective of Relevance Theory and Cooperative Principle--Taking TED Talks as An Example

Verbal humor carries rich cultural connotation and reflects the wisdom,communicative skills of the humor maker.There are many researches on verbal humor both at home and abroad,especially in the fields of sitcoms and literature from the perspective of pragmatics and cognitive linguistics.However,the researches on the humorous corpus of public speech are limited.This paper intendsto use qualitative research methods to explore the mechanism of verbal humor generation under the theoretical framework of cooperative principle and relevance theory.Through the analysis in the paper,it points out that verbal humor can be produced by violating the cooperative principle,the gap between maximum relevance and optimal relevance,and the speaker’s expanding contextual reasoning.The cooperation principle and relevance theory have a good elaboration on humor in public speeches,but both have their own deficiencies in explanatory power.Only the combination of those two theories can better explain the generation mechanism of verbal humor.

Research on the Creative Applications and In-depth Understanding of the Basic Principles of Marxism Theory

In this paper, we conduct research on the creative applications and in-depth understanding of the basic principles of Marxism theory. Integrity is a distinct characteristic of Marxism. Research and grasp the integrity of Marxism is the level one discipline of Marxist theories, especially the Marxism basic principle. Basic principle of Marxism is not exceptional and also of course, the theory of Marxism is its logical premise. People＇ s life is to continue and develop which makes this kind of complex internal structure to establish contact with the outside world. Our research is novel and innovative which will be meaningful for the research of the Marxism theory.

On the “Online and Offline Blended Teaching” Mode for Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Universities—A Case of “Introduction to Basic Principles of Marxism”

With the deepening development of educational informatization, online and offline blended teaching, as a new teaching mode, is increasingly receiving widespread attention from educators [1]. At present, the reform of the “online and offline blended teaching” of ideological and political education courses directly affects the quality of talent cultivation in universities. The article takes the course “Introduction to Basic Principles of Marxism” as an example to explore the reform mode of “online and offline blended teaching” in ideological and political theory courses in universities from the aspects of reasonable allocation of class hours, design of online teaching activities, how to deepen classroom teaching offline, and diversified assessment modes. Furthermore, the article summarizes the experience of mode reform and promotes the deep development of the people-oriented education concept in ideological and political courses in universities, so as to achieve the ultimate goal of moral education in ideological and political education in universities.

GURTIN-TYPE VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES FOR DYNAMICS OF A NON-LOCAL THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM SATURATED POROUS MEDIUM

Based on the porous media theory and by taking into account the efects of the pore fuid viscidity, energy exchanges due to the additional thermal conduction and convection between solid and fuid phases, a mathematical model for the dynamic-thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling of a non-local thermal equilibrium fuid-saturated porous medium, in which the two constituents are assumed to be incompressible and immiscible, is established under the assumption of small de- formation of the solid phase, small velocity of the fuid phase and small temperature changes of the two constituents. The mathematical model of a local thermal equilibrium fuid-saturated porous medium can be obtained directly from the above one. Several Gurtin-type variational principles, especially Hu-Washizu type variational principles, for the initial boundary value problems of dy- namic and quasi-static responses are presented. It should be pointed out that these variational principles can be degenerated easily into the case of isothermal incompressible fuid-saturated elastic porous media, which have been discussed previously.

ENERGY PRINCIPLES IN THEORY OF ELASTIC MATERIALS WITH VOIDS

According to the basic idea of dual-complementarity, in a simple and unified way proposed by the author, various energy principles in theory of elastic materials with voids can be established systematically, In this paper, an important integral relation is given, which can be considered essentially as the generalized pr- inciple of virtual work. Based on this relation, it is possible not only to obtain the principle of virtual work and the reciprocal theorem of work in theory of elastic materials with voids, but also to derive systematically the complementary functionals for the eight-field, six-field, four-field and two-field generalized variational principles, and the principle of minimum potential and complementary energies. Furthermore, with this appro ach, the intrinsic relationship among various principles can be explained clearly.

ON SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES IN DYNAMIC THEORY OF ELASTIC MATERIALS WITH VOIDS

According to the basic idea of dual-complementarity,in a simple and unified way proposed by the author,some basic principles in dynamic theory of elastic materials with voids can be established sys- tematically.In this paper, an important integral relation in terms of convolutions is given,which can be con- sidered as the generalized principle of virtual work in mechanics.Based on this relation,it is possible not on- ly to obtain the principle of virtual work and the reciprocal theorem in dynamic theory of elastic materials with voids,but also to derive systematically the complementary functionals for the eight-field,six-field, four-field and two-field simplified Gurtin-type variational principles.Furthermore,with this approach,the in- trinsic relationship among various principles can be explained clearly.

The First Principles Study of Hydrogen Adsorption on Ni-Decorated LiB(001) Surface

The hydrogen adsorption on the one and three Ni-decorated LiB （001） 2 × 2 surface is investigated by the first principles study. It is demonstrated that Ni atoms are preferentially adsorbed on the top B atom, and form a covalent bond of NiB and an ionic bond of NiLi on the surface. Four H2 molecules can adsorb on the one- Ni-decorated LiB （001） surface, and the average adsorption energy is in a range from -0.35 to -0.58eV/H2. The charge population analysis shows that the dipole moments on the Ni decorated surface is responsible for the polarization and adsorption of H2. Then, we show that three Ni atoms can be decorated on the LiB （001） 2 × 2 surface, and form a Ni3B nano cluster on the surface, which agrees with experimental results. Three Ni- decorated LiB （001） can adsorb up to six H2 molecules, indicating that the Ni-decorated LiB （001） system might be a promising hydrogen storage material.

Spin-Spin Interactions in Gauge Theory of Gravity, Violation of Weak Equivalence Principle and New Classical Test of General Relativity

For a long time, it has been generally believed that spin-spin interactions can only exist in a theory where Lorentz symmetry is gauged, and a theory with spin-spin interactions is not perturbatively renormalizable. But this is not true. By studying the motion of a spinning particle in gravitational field, it is found that there exist spin-spin interactions in gauge theory of gravity. Its mechanism is that a spinning particle will generate gravitomagnetic field in space-time, and this gravitomagnetic field will interact with the spin of another particle, which will cause spin-spin interactions. So, spin-spin interactions are transmitted by gravitational field. The form of spin-spin interactions in post Newtonian approximations is deduced. This result can also be deduced from the Papapetrou equation. This kind of interaction will not affect the renormalizability of the theory. The spin-spin interactions will violate the weak equivalence principle, and the violation effects are detectable. An experiment is proposed to detect the effects of the violation of the weak equivalence principle.

Li掺杂对4H-SiC光电性质影响的理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,计算了Li掺杂4H-SiC体系的电子结构及光学性质.结果表明,掺杂前后的4H-SiC均为间接带隙半导体,Li原子间隙掺杂后形成n型半导体,Li原子替位式掺杂体系的禁带中出现了杂质能级,降低了电子跃迁时所需的能量;对电荷差分密度图的分析表明,Li原子失去电子,导致Li-C键和Li-Si键的共价性降低,以离子性为主;在可见光区域,相比于4H-SiC体系,掺杂体系的吸收率峰值均有所提高,其中Li间隙掺杂体系吸收带边最小,吸收率峰值最大,掺杂后的4H-SiC体系对红外、可见光、紫外均能够有所吸收,说明Li掺杂能够有效拓宽4H-SiC对光的响应范围.

Basic philosophy of three essences theory in traditional Mongolian medicine

Traditional Mongolian medicine(TMM)integrates Tibetan and Chinese medicine with indigenous Mongolian practices,focusing on the balance of three core essences:Khii,Shar,and Badgan,derived from the Five Elements-earth,water,fire,wind,and space.These essences regulate both physical and psychological processes,and their imbalance,often caused by diet,behavior,or environment,leads to disease.TMM utilizes holistic diagnostic methods such as pulse diagnosis,visual inspection,and lifestyle evaluation to identify imbalances of three essences.Treatments include herbal remedies,dietary adjustments,behavior modification,and accessory therapies like moxibustion and massage to restore balance.This mini review examines the philosophical underpinnings,diagnostic techniques,and therapeutic strategies to Khii,Shar,and Badgan,highlighting their importance in both traditional and modern integrative healthcare.

Nature of the band gap of halide perovskites ABX_3(A=CH_3NH_3,Cs;B=Sn,Pb;X=Cl,Br,I):First-principles calculations

The electronic structures of cubic structure of ABX3（A=CH3NH3, Cs; B=Sn, Pb; X=Cl, Br, I） are analyzed by den- sity functional theory using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof exchange-correlation functional and using the Heyd-Scuseria- Ernzerhof hybrid functional. The valence band maximum （VBM） is found to be made up by an antibonding hybridization of B s and X p states, whereas bands made up by the π antibonding of B p and X p states dominates the conduction band minimum （CBM）. The changes of VBM, CBM, and band gap with ion B and X are then systematically summarized. The natural band offsets of ABX3 are partly given. We also found for all the ABX3 perovskite materials in this study, the bandgap increases with an increasing lattice parameter. This phenomenon has good consistency with the experimental results.

The Translation of Chinese Literature under the Theory of Translation Compensation

In order to promote the exchange of Chinese culture with foreign countries,translators bear an important mission in the process of cross-cultural communication.Although there are cultural differences,we can achieve cultural dissemination and exchange through continuous cultural dialogue.As an important way for foreign scholars to understand the history of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in China,the translation of historical texts is crucial.Multiple typical cases are selected under the guidance of the translation theory of compensation to use relevant methods or techniques from the three levels of language,culture,and aesthetics to compensate for the loss of Li Xueqin’s The Origin of Ancient Chinese Civilization in English translation proofreading.

Effect of Interface Structure on Thermal Boundary Conductance by using First-principles Density Functional Perturbation Theory

We choose a Si/Ge interface as a research object to investigate the influence of interface disorder on thermal boundary conductance.In the calculations,the diffuse mismatch model is used to study thermal boundary conductance between two non-metallic materials,while the phonon dispersion relationship is calculated by the first-principles density functional perturbation theory.The results show that interface disorder limits thermal transport.The increase of atomic spacing at the interface results in weakly coupled interfaces and a decrease in the thermal boundary conductance.This approach shows a simplistic method to investigate the relationship between microstructure and thermal conductivity.

On the Crucial Role of the Variational Principle in Quantum Theories

The paper shows that the variational principle serves as an element of the mathematical structure of a quantum theory. The experimentally confirmed properties of the corpuscular-wave duality of a quantum particle are elements of the analysis. A Lagrangian density that yields the equations of motion of a given quantum theory of a massive particle is analyzed. It is proved that if this Lagrangian density is a Lorentz scalar whose dimension is ?then the associated action consistently defines the required phase of the quantum particle. The dimension of this Lagrangian density proves that also the quantum function ?has dimension. This result provides new criteria for the acceptability of quantum theories. An examination of the first order Dirac equation demonstrates that it satisfies the new criteria whereas the second order Klein-Gordon equation fails to do that.

BASIC EQUATIONS, THEORY AND PRINCIPLE OF COMPUTATIONAL STOCK MARKET (Ⅰ)──BASIC EQUATIONS

This paper studies computational stock market by using network model and similar methodology used in solid mechanics. Four simultaneous basic equations, i. e., equation of interest rate and amount of circulating fond, equations of purchasing and selling of share, equation of changing rate of share price, and equation of interest rate, share price and its changing rate, have been established. Discussions mainly on the solution and its simple applications of the equation of interest rate and amount of circulating fond are given. The discussions also involve the proof of tending to the equilibrium state of network of stock market based on the time discrete form of the equation by using Banach theorem of contraction mapping, and the influence of amount of circulating fond with exponential attenuation due to the decreasing of banking interest rate.Keyworks: stock market; network model; differential equation; contraction mapping; elasticity; methodology

Solvation structure and dynamics of Li and LiO_(2)and their transformation in non-aqueous organic electrolyte solvents from first-principles simulations

Density functional theory calculations together with ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD)simulations have been used to study the solvation,diffusion and transformation of Li^(+)and LiO_(2)upon O_(2)reduction in three organic electrolytes.These processes are critical for the performance of Li-air batteries.Apart from studying the structure of the solvation shells in detail,AIMD simulations have been used to derive the diffusivity and together with the Blue Moon ensemble approach to explore LiO_(2)formation from Li^(+)and O_(2)−and the subsequent disproportionation of 2LiO_(2)into Li_(2)O_(2)+O_(2).By comparing the results of the simulations to gas phase calculations,the impact of electrolytes on these reactions is assessed which turns out to be more pronounced for the ionic species involved in these reactions.

A Skopos Theory-based Study of Translation Principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoctions

English translations of Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)terms and prescriptions need standardizing to minimize ambiguity as the popularity of TCM spreads globally.Herein an evaluation guide for translation of TCM decoctions in English into diverse social,cultural and medical systems,is proffered which integrates Skopos theory and Li Zhaoguo’s principles of English translation(conciseness of lexical composition,information accuracy,and similarity in lexical composition).Based on a case study of the traditional herbal medicine Mahuang Xingren Gancao Shigao Tang,direct translation methods with concise lexical composition are determined to most clearly convey the sophisticated and verbose original TCM prescription.