Theory of the Origin of Terrestrial and Lunar Ores

In this study, the theory of ore formation on the Earth and the Moon was developed. It is shown that ore deposits on the Earth and the Moon were mainly formed simultaneously with the separation of the Moon from the protoplanet and the formation of the oldest continents. The formation of terrestrial ores occurred as a result of the release of intermediate and heavy chemical elements from the deep layers of the protoplanet and the subsequent process of adhesion to old terrestrial geological faults. The time of terrestrial and lunar ores formations corresponds to the boundary between the Tonian and Cryogenian Periods (~720 Ma). Lunar ore formation processes are different on the near and far sides. The farside of the Moon is a single piece of the protoplanetary lithosphere, so ores there could be formed mainly due to the overflow of igneous rocks over the edge of the lunar continent. On the nearside, due to the rapid cooling, ores were formed in the area of navel-string during the drip-liquid separation of the Moon from the Earth. Due to the fact that the Moon separated at the first stage, the amount of water and methane on it is limited. In periods after the Cryogenian, volcanic, lava and sedimentary rocks on Earth could be enriched with intermediate elements due to the disruption of vertical stratification during galactic storms. To analyze this, a comparison of terrestrial volcanic and lunar pseudo-volcanic activity was carried out in the work.

Overview and Graph Theory of the Immune System of Crustacean

In this paper,different kinds of enzymes,immune factors and regulatory factors of the immune system of crustaceans are summarized and then combed systematically and thoroughly. According to the mutual influence and effects of these factors,different symbolic forms are introduced to express the effects,and ultimately the whole node graph of the system is obtained. The graph theory can be used for further researches on the immune system of crustacean.

The Bipolar Theory of the Field-Effect Transistor:X.The Fundamental Physics and Theory(All Device Structures)

This paper describes the foundation underlying the device physics and theory of the semiconductor field effect transistor which is applicable to any devices with two carrier species in an electric field. The importance of the boundary conditions on the device current-voltage characteristics is discussed. An illustration is given of the transfer DCIV characteristics computed for two boundary conditions,one on electrical potential,giving much higher drift-limited parabolic current through the intrinsic transistor, and the other on the electrochemical potentials, giving much lower injection-over-thebarrier diffusion-limited current with ideal 60mV per decade exponential subthreshold roll-off, simulating electron and hole contacts. The two-MOS-gates on thin pure-body silicon field-effect transistor is used as examples

Microscopic Theory of the Thermodynamic Properties of Sr_3Ru_2O_7

The thermodynamic properties of the bilayer ruthenate compound Sr3Ru2O7 at very low temperatures are inves- tigated by using a tight-binding model yielding the realistic band structure combined with the on-site interactions treated at the mean-field level. We find that both the total density of states at the Fermi energy and the entropy exhibit a sudden increase near the critical magnetic field for the nematic phase, echoing the experimental find- ings. A new mechanism to explain the anisotropic transport properties is proposed based on scatterings at the anisotropic domain boundaries. Our results suggest that extra cares are necessary to isolate the contributions due to the quantum criticality from the band structure singularity in Sr3Ru2O7.

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE THEORY OF THE SECOND AND THIRD ORDER DERIVATIVE ADSORPTION CHRONOPOTENTIOMETRY FOR A REVERSIBLE REACTION

The equations of the second and third order derivative curves of time with respect to potential for a reversible process in adsorption chronopotentiometry are derived and experimentally verified.

Magnetic Isotope Theory of the Origin of Life on Earth

The authors have proposed a new of magnetic isotope theory of life on Earth. According to this theory the initial impetus for the beginning of the synthesis of organic compounds is the impact of electromagnetic radiation from the sun and energy radioactive isotopes.

Simplified nonlinear theory of the dielectric loaded rectangular Cerenkov maser

To rapidly and accurately investigate the performance of the dielectric loaded rectangular Cerenkov maser, a simplified nonlinear theory is proposed, in which the variations of wave amplitude and wave phase are determined by two coupled first-order differential equations. Through combining with the relativistic equation of motion and adopting the forward wave assumption, the evolutions of the forward wave power, the power growth rate, the axial wave number, the accumulated phase offset, and the information of the particle movement can be obtained in a single-pass calculation. For an illustrative example, this method is used to study the influences of the beam current, the gap distance between the beam and the dielectric surface, and the momentum spread on the forward wave. The variations of the saturated power and the saturation length with the working frequency for the beams with different momentum spreads have also been studied. The result shows that the beam wave interaction is very sensitive to the electron beam state. To further verify this simplified theory, a comparison with the result produced from a rigorous method is also provided, we find that the evolution curves of the forward wave power predicted by the two methods exhibit excellent agreement. In practical applications, the developed theory can be used for the design and analysis of the rectangular Cerenkov maser.

Quantum Theory of the Wannier Phenomenon

We employ a recently amended Born-Oppenheimer (hereafter shortly BO) approximation [1] to treat inelastic scattering of slow electrons from highly excited Rydberg atoms like e- + He(1s ns)→He-** for n ≫ 1. Along these lines we replace the standard BO set of potentials by an evolution operator. In this way we take a momentum-momentum coupling inadvertently disregarded by BO into account. The BO eigenvalue problem is now replaced by an evolution equation. One eigen-evolution has been identified as Wanner channel. That channel describes the diffraction of electron pairs from a potential ridge. That diffraction causes a phase jump of π/2 in the channel evolution. Moreover we present a new conservative attractive force controlling the motion of the electron pair as a whole in the nuclear field whose potential is given by . The coupling constant g has been calculated. That potential foreign to the standard BO approximation manifests itself by an entirely new series of isolated resonances located slightly below the double ionization threshold. This resonance ensemble compares favorably with experimental data. Further we present an evolution which forces the electron pair to the electrostatically unstable top of the potential ridge. That evolution may be regarded as quantum version of Wannier’s converging trajectory, and manifests itself here as Fresnel distribution.

Application of the Non-Local Physics in the Theory of the Matter Movement in Black Hole

The theory of the matter movement in a black hole in the frame of non-local quantum hydrodynamics (NLQHD) is considered. The theory corresponds to the limit case when the matter density tends to infinity. From calculations follow that NLQHD equations for the black hole space have the traveling wave solutions. The domain of the solution existence is limited by the event horizon where gravity tends to infinity. The simple analytical particular cases and numerical calculations are delivered.

Gauge Theory of the Generalized Symmetry on the Torus Membrane

The SDIFF(T2)local-generalized Kac-Moody G(T2) symmetry is an infinite-dimensional group on the torus membrane, whose Lie algebra is the semi-direct sum of the SDIFF(T2)local algebra and the generalized KacMoody algebra g(T2). In this paper, we construct the linearly realized gauge theory of the SDIFF(T2)loc1al-generalized Kac-Moody G(T2) symmetry.

Field theory of the correlation function of mass density fluctuations for self-gravitating systems

The mass density distribution of Newtonian self-gravitating systems is studied analytically in the field theoretical method. Modeling the system as a fluid in hydrostatic equilibrium, we apply Schwinger's functional derivative on the average of the field equation of mass density, and obtain the field equation of 2-point correlation function ξ(r) of the mass density fluctuation, which includes the next order of nonlinearity beyond the Gaussian approximation. The 3-point correlation occurs hierarchically in the equation,and is cut off by the Groth-Peebles ansatz, making it closed. We perform renormalization and write the equation with three nonlinear coefficients. The equation tells us that ξ depends on the point mass m and the Jeans wavelength scale λ_0, which are different for galaxies and clusters. Applying this to large scale structures, it predicts that the profile of ξcc for clusters is similar to ξgg for galaxies but with a higher amplitude, and that the correlation length increases with the mean separation between clusters, i.e., a scaling behavior r_0■0.4 d. The solution yields the galaxy correlation ξ_(gg)(r)■(r_0/r)^(1.7) valid only in a range1 < r < 10 h^(-1) Mpc. At larger scales the solution ξgg deviates below the power law and goes to zero around ~50 h^(-1) Mpc, just as the observations show. We also derive the field equation of the 3-point correlation function in the Gaussian approximation and its analytical solution, for which the Groth-Peebles ansatz with Q = 1 holds.

Analytical Theory of the Geodesic Acoustic Mode in the Small and Large Orbit Drift Width Limits and its Application in a Study of Plasma Shaping Effect

Analytical theories of the geodesic acoustic mode （GAM） are reviewed in the small- and large-orbit drift width limits, respectively. Different physics pictures in these two limits are displayed. As an example, these two analytical methods are employed to investigate the plasma shaping effect on the frequency and collisionless damping rate of the GAM.

COMPLETE CONVERGENCE THEORY OF THE CONTACT PROCESS ON T_d×Z

The author considers the contact process on a branching plane Td×Z, which is the product of a regular tree Td and the line Z. It is shown that above the second critical point, the complete convergence theory holds.

Organizational Trouble Shooting through Integration between the Theory of the Restrictions Thinking Process and Lean Tools

The theory of constraints thinking process, created by Israeli physicist Eliyahu M. Goldratt, has emerged as a tool for achieving competitive advantage. Many researches also focused on the application of lean thinking developed by Toyota and proposed by Ohno. This philosophy has been proven to be effective in several production processes. This paper aims to propose a method of problem solving through the integration of theory of constraints thinking process and the principles of lean production. As a tool for problem identification, the method defends the use of current reality tree and, to solve problems, the lean thinking tools, proposed by Picchi. The developed method was implemented in a contractor. The research methodology was research-action. Among the results, there was a realistic diagnosis about the core problems in company. According to this, the core problem of the contractor is “the lack of commitment of manpower” that results in the main problem “the financial loss”. The principle of perfection was verbalized as a proposal to solve the problems and the tools to be implemented for solving problems were “commitment of senior management to employees” and “simplicity in communication”.

The Model of Political Mafia in Europa Risk for the Freedom for the Citizen Rights Based on Momtchil Dobrev＇ s ＂Theory of the Mafia＂

Momtchil Dobrev developed ＂theory of corruption＂ and ＂theory of the mafia＂ and its appearances--unstability factor in the social systems. The paper is developed from theory of mafia and describes political model of the mafia. All the theories and the conclusions are based on the practice of the Momtchil Dobrev in the justice system in Europa, Germany, Europea Commission, and Bulgaria.

The Relativistic Mechanic Theory of the String

In this article, a novel speculative method is used to derive the relativistic mechanic that governs the motion of the vibrating string within the compactified-dimensions spacetime. This mechanic claims that the relativistic mechanic of the special relativity should be only valid for the motion within the familiar four-dimensional spacetime. However, our novel mechanic is valid for the motion within the compactified-dimensions spacetime predicted by the string theory. The equations of this new mechanic show that the vibrating string can move within the compactified dimensions in a speed that is faster than light. It is also shown that this new relativistic mechanic goes to the classical Newtonian mechanic whenever the speed of the vibrating string is much less than the speed of light. Since the proposed mechanic does not prohibit the existence faster than light motion, it may uncover some of the mysteries regarding the string theory, such as the existence of tachyon and time travel. The main goal of this paper is to show that the motion within the compactified-dimensions spacetime obeys a different relativistic mechanic that will provide a startling and revolutionary perspective on the universe and answer some of the fundamental questions posed in the modern physics.

On the Foundations of the Classical Relativistic Theory of the Field of an Accelerated Extended Charge

The effect of nonzero extent of an electric charge is considered within the assumption that the structure of the charge at rest is spherically-symmetric and the current vector is linear in the acceleration. An exact expression for the electromagnetic field of the charge is obtained, which depends on the specific form of the charge distribution. We have developed the approximations which deal with the charge distribution through its low-order moments, for the case in which the particle velocity does not considerably change over the time it covers a distance of the order of its own size. We have also rigorously justified the Lorentz-Abraham-Dirac expression for the radiation friction (we have identified a more general context for this expression as well as its applicability domain). We have also studied the radiation field and demonstrated that in some cases, the radiation virtually vanishes even for large accelerations. Ways of further development of the theory have been pointed out, in order to include more general forms of the current vector (dependence of the deformation of the charge structure on the acceleration, rotation of the structure around the centre of the charge, ultrarelativistic regimes).

Modified Atomic Orbital Theory of the O+ Ion Originating from 2D0 and 4S0 Metastable States

We report in this paper energy positions of the 2D0_2s22p2(1D)nd(2F);2D0_2s22p2(1D)nd(2D);2D0_2s22p2(1D)nd(2P);2D0_2s22p2(1D)ns(2D);2D0_2s22p3(3D)np(2P);2D0_2s22p3(3D0)np(2F), and 4S0_2s22p3(5S0)np(4P) Rydberg series in the photoionization spectra originating from 2D0 and 4S0 metastable states of O+ ion. Calculations are performed up to n = 20 using the Modified Orbital Atomic Theory (MAOT) [1]. The present results are compared to the experimental data of Aguilar et al. [2] which are the only available values. The accurate data presented in this work may be a useful guideline for future experimental and other theoretical studies.

Enhancing the resolution of sparse rock property measurements using machine learning and random field theory

The travel time of rock compressional waves is an essential parameter used for estimating important rock properties,such as porosity,permeability,and lithology.Current methods,like wireline logging tests,provide broad measurements but lack finer resolution.Laboratory-based rock core measurements offer higher resolution but are resource-intensive.Conventionally,wireline logging and rock core measurements have been used independently.This study introduces a novel approach that integrates both data sources.The method leverages the detailed features from limited core data to enhance the resolution of wireline logging data.By combining machine learning with random field theory,the method allows for probabilistic predictions in regions with sparse data sampling.In this framework,12 parameters from wireline tests are used to predict trends in rock core data.The residuals are modeled using random field theory.The outcomes are high-resolution predictions that combine both the predicted trend and the probabilistic realizations of the residual.By utilizing unconditional and conditional random field theories,this method enables unconditional and conditional simulations of the underlying high-resolution rock compressional wave travel time profile and provides uncertainty estimates.This integrated approach optimizes the use of existing core and logging data.Its applicability is confirmed in an oil project in West China.

Transient response of doubly-curved bio-inspired composite shells resting on viscoelastic foundation subject to blast load using improved first-order shear theory and isogeometric approach

Investigating natural-inspired applications is a perennially appealing subject for scientists. The current increase in the speed of natural-origin structure growth may be linked to their superior mechanical properties and environmental resilience. Biological composite structures with helicoidal schemes and designs have remarkable capacities to absorb impact energy and withstand damage. However, there is a dearth of extensive study on the influence of fiber redirection and reorientation inside the matrix of a helicoid structure on its mechanical performance and reactivity. The present study aimed to explore the static and transient responses of a bio-inspired helicoid laminated composite(B-iHLC) shell under the influence of an explosive load using an isomorphic method. The structural integrity of the shell is maintained by a viscoelastic basis known as the Pasternak foundation, which encompasses two coefficients of stiffness and one coefficient of damping. The equilibrium equations governing shell dynamics are obtained by using Hamilton's principle and including the modified first-order shear theory,therefore obviating the need to employ a shear correction factor. The paper's model and approach are validated by doing numerical comparisons with respected publications. The findings of this study may be used in the construction of military and civilian infrastructure in situations when the structure is subjected to severe stresses that might potentially result in catastrophic collapse. The findings of this paper serve as the foundation for several other issues, including geometric optimization and the dynamic response of similar mechanical structures.