Inter-Organ Relationships among Gut, Lung and Skin beyond the Pathogenesis of Allergies: Relevance to the Zang-Fu Theory in Chinese Medicine

Research on allergy has recently uncovered an apparent co-occurrence of allergies in skin and the lungs, a phenomenon that has been coined “atopic march”. A positive correlation has been found between gut microbiota at birth and the development of asthma and skin eczema later in life. Chinese medicine has long described a functional relationship between the large intestine and the lungs, and between the lungs and skin. In this short article, we examined the evidence in support of these inter-organ physiological/pathological relationships. In addition to the clinical observation of the relationship between the composition of gut microbiota at birth and the development of asthma later in childhood, gut microorganisms have also been shown to exert a protective effect on bacteria-induced pneumonia in experimental animals. Genetic predisposition was also found to play an important role in the co-existence of certain diseases of lung and skin. Despite the fact that the mechanism(s) underlying the connection of immune systems between two organs (such as the large intestine and the lungs) is still not clearly understood, it is the first time to correlate the relationship among gut, lung and skin based on recent clinical studies in relation to the Zang-Fu Theory in Chinese medicine. Future investigation of the gut-lung and lung-skin axes in terms of physiological/pathological relationships may help to provide a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of allergies, possibly establishing relevance to the Zang-Fu Theory in Chinese medicine.

Using self-determination theory to identify organizational interventions to support coal mineworkers’ dust-reducing practices

Advancing the application of safety and health(S&H)technologies is likely to remain a value in the mining industry.However,any information that technologies generate must be translated from the organization to the workforce in a targeted way to result in sustainable change.Using a case study approach with continuous personal dust monitors(CPDMs),this paper argues for an organizational focus on technology integration.Although CPDMs provide mineworkers with near real-time feedback about their respirable coal dust exposure,they do not ensure that workers or the organization will continuously use the information to learn about and reduce exposure sources.This study used self-determination theory(SDT)to help three mines manage and communicate about information learned from the CPDM technology.Specifically,35 mineworkers participated in two mixed-method data collection efforts to discuss why they do or do not use CPDMs to engage in dust-reducing practices.Subsequently,the data was analyzed to better understand how organizations can improve the integration of technology through their management systems.Results indicate that using the CPDM to reduce sources of dust exposure is consistent with mineworkers’self-values to protect their health and not necessarily because of compliance to a manager or mine.

Thermal Analysis of Organic Light Emitting Diodes Based on Basic Heat Transfer Theory

We investigate the thermal characteristics of standard organic light-emitting diodes （OLEDs） using a simple and clear 1D thermal model based on the basic heat transfer theory. The thermal model can accurately estimate the device temperature, which is linearly with electrical input power. The simulation results show that there is almost no temperature gradient within the OLED device working under steady state conditions. Furthermore, thermal analysis simulation results show that the surface properties （convective heat transfer coetficient and surface emissivity） of the substrate or cathode can significantly affect the temperature distribution of the OLED.

Rational molecular engineering towards efficient heterojunction solar cells based on organic molecular acceptors

The selection of photoactive layer materials for organic solar cells(OSCs) is essential for the photoelectric conversion process.It is well known that chlorophyll is an abundant pigment in nature and is extremely valuable for photosynthesis.However,there is little research on how to improve the efficiency of chlorophyll-based OSCs by matching chlorophyll derivatives with excellent non-fullerene acceptors to form heterojunctions.Therefore in this study we utilize a chlorophyll derivative,Ce_(6)Me_(3),as a donor material and investigate the performance of its heterojunction with acceptor materials.Through density functional theory,the photoelectric performances of acceptors,i ncluding the fullerene derivative PC_(71)BM and the terminal halogenated non-fullerene DTBCIC series,are compared in detail.It is found that DTBCIC-C1 has better planarity,light absorption,electron affinity,charge reorganization energy and charge mobility than others.Ce_(6)Me_(3) has good energy level matching and absorption spectral complementarity with the investigated acceptor molecules and also shows good electron donor properties.Furthermore,the designed Ce_(6)Me_(3)/DTBCIC interfaces have improved charge separation and reorganization rates(K_(CS)/K_(CR)) compared with the Ce_(6)Me_(3)/PC_(71)BM interface.This research provides a theoretical basis for the design of photoactive layer materials for chlorophyll-based OSCs.

UNBALANCED SELF-ORGANIZATION THEORYAND CAUSES OF CRUSTOBODY EVOLUTION

It is generally cousidered that the mantle creep-flow eurtent is the most important internal cause for erustobody evolution. In fact, the Cause, mantle creep-now current takes place just beneath erustobody. Aeeording to the principle that internal causes of a tning determine its development and evolution, a special attetion should be paid to the basic causea of crustobody evolution. Vnder the guidance of the unbalanced self-organization theory, the authors elueidate that the crustobody system is a far-away thermal balaneed system and an open system, and thete are nonlinear interactions between the essentials, positive feedbacks and frequent fluetuation in the erustobody system. Finally, the following conelusions are drawn: the nonlinear interactions in the erustobody system are the basic formation (main internal cause) for erustobody evolution ; Substance and energy gained from surroundings are the basic conditions (main external cause) of crustobody evolution;and the fluctuations theide the erustobody system are the direct induetive cause of its evolution.

共同缔造:建构城市社区治理共同体的助推机制——基于山东省青岛市M社区的田野调查

城市社区是基层社会治理的基本场域之一,其治理绩效直接关系国家治理现代化的实现。基于共同缔造的行动模式和行为公共管理学的助推理论,建构以共同缔造助推城市社区治理共同体建设的分析理路,是一种研究社区治理共同体构建的崭新视角。研究发现,城市社区通过决策共谋、协同共建和资源共享等方式应对合作治理困境,助推社区治理创新。以共同缔造促进社区治理共同体建设的助推机制,主要包括启动期的党建引领与公共空间营造、推进期的社会组织嵌入与公共信任联结、孵化期的社区居民自组织培育与公共参与强化、成熟期的多元主体协同行动与公共精神重构等4个阶段。作为主要“助推者”,国家有效带动社会作为“参与者”“合作者”和“行动者”的自觉性与主体性,进而在共同缔造的过程中助推社会治理共同体的构建与共建共治共享社会治理格局的形成。

Density Functional Theory Calculations of Charge-Induced Spin Polarization in Pentacene

Based on density functional theory （DFT） calculations, we investigate the spin-related properties of spinless-hole injected organic molecule pentacene （Pc）. DFT calculations reveal that there is spontaneous spin polarization in Pc when spinless-hole is injected. The chargeinduced magnetic moment of Pc increases linearly with the increasing of the extra hole charge amount and its maximum can be up to 1 μB per injected spinless-hole per Pc molecule. The magnetic moment is expected due to the injected unpaired charge. The injected hole will preferably ll the spin-splitted carbon pz orbitals, which makes the Pc molecule spin polarize.

制造业工匠型人才创新绩效的形成过程与验证——基于自组织目标理论的扎根研究

文章结合自组织目标理论,以制造业工匠型人才为研究对象,通过扎根理论挖掘和分析工匠型人才创新绩效的形成过程。结果表明,工匠型人才的创新绩效产生于心理目标系统建构和实现的循环过程,由“心理目标触发—心理目标建构—行动过程—行动结果”构成,心流状态贯穿其中;工匠型人才的创新绩效体现在国家、组织和个体三个层面上,三个层面互为基础、不可分割;创新绩效经由结果反馈再一次作用于心理目标触发,产生新的心理目标,从而进入下一轮循环。在此基础上,通过词频分析进一步验证结论。

基于耗散结构理论的思想政治教育运行机理及其优化路径研究

耗散结构理论强调系统开放、动态涨落、非平衡态、非线性的系统演化和运行规律,为思想政治教育工作的稳步推进提供了一套完备的综合性理论工具和方法论,为高校思想政治教育高质量发展提供了新视角和新思路。文章基于这一视角,详细探讨了思想政治教育耗散结构的运行机理和结构功能,并在此基础上提出了思想政治教育引入耗散结构理论的价值意蕴和功能表现,并本着促进高校思想政治教育创新发展的目标和初心,提出了思想政治教育耗散结构的优化路径。

基于中医藏象理论初探法布雷病的中医病机

法布雷病(FD)是一种累及心脏的X连锁遗传溶酶体贮积症。FD患者因位于Xq22.1的α-半乳糖苷酶(α-Gal)基因突变,致α-Gal活性降低或完全缺乏,引起代谢底物三己糖酰基鞘脂醇(GL-3)等脂质在心脏、肾脏、神经、皮肤等器官大量贮积,进而引发各类临床症状。随着对FD的研究不断深入,许多FD相关器官功能障碍的病理机制得以明确。然而,尚无针对FD的特效药物,FD患者大多因心肾损害而出现严重的生活质量降低,甚至面临生命危险。《中国法布雷病诊疗专家共识》中并未涉及中医药相关内容。鉴于此,文章基于中医藏象理论初步探讨FD的病因病机,旨在为中医药治疗FD提供理论依据。

高职院校专业群治理的模式探索与路径创新——基于涂尔干的有机团结理论

专业群治理模式的探索,是实现共建共治、建设专业群治理共同体的必经之路。社会学家涂尔干的有机团结理论为高职专业群治理模式探索提供新的视角。通过分析“机械团结”和“有机团结”的内涵,探讨有机团结与高职专业群治理的契合性,对比有机团结与机械团结的治理意识、组织结构与社会规范等三个要素,结合高职专业群治理现状,认为目前高职专业群治理属于“机械团结型”治理,需要重塑治理价值、完善专业群组织管理机制、平衡刚性治理与柔性治理,最终走向“有机团结型”高职专业群治理模式。

机构改革:从战略到行动

机构改革是一项牵扯面广、复杂性强、敏感性高、影响力远的活动,其本质是制度创新,意味着机构要在结构、职责、领导、人事、文化等方面实现深度整合。在组织理论不同视角的审视下,机构改革具有不同的实施策略与行动逻辑。从组织理论的工具视角、制度视角和文化视角出发,机构改革主要包括机构改革方案的细化与协商、跨层级改革协同、组织结构整合、部门权力协调、行政制度创新、组织文化融合等六个关键议题。需要注意的是,机构改革是国家治理体系与治理能力现代化的关键议题之一,国家治理现代化也需要通过机构改革来推动和支撑。不过,机构改革并不完全等同于改革,国家治理现代化也不应用机构改革来替代政治和行政体制改革。

Reversed ethane/ethylene adsorption in a metal–organic framework via introduction of oxygen

Separation of ethane from ethylene is a very important but challenging process in the petrochemical industry.Finding an alternative method would reduce the energy needed to make 170 million tons of ethylene manufactured worldwide each year.Adsorptive separation using C2H6-selective porous materials to directly produce high-purity C2H4 is more energy-efficient.We herein report the"reversed C2H6/C2H4 adsorption"in a metal–organic framework Cr-BTC via the introduction of oxygen on its open metal sites.The oxidized Cr-BTC(O2)can bind C2H6 over C2H4 through the active Cr-superoxo sites,which was elucidated by the gas sorption isotherms and density functional theory calculations.This material thus exhibits a good performance for the separation of 50/50 C2H6/C2H4 mixtures to produce 99.99%pure C2H4 in a single separation operation.

Inverted Organic Solar Cells with Improved Performance using Varied Cathode Buffer Layers

Organic solar cells with inverted planar heterojunction structure based on subphthalocya- nine and C60 were fabricated using several kinds of materials as cathode buffer layer （CBL）, including tris-8-hydroxy-quinolinato aluminum （Alq3）, bathophenanthroline （Bphen）, bathocuproine, 2,3,8,9,14,15-hexakis-dodecyl-sulfanyl-5,6,11,12,17,18-hexaazatrinaphthylene （HATNA）, and an inorganic compound of Cs2CO3. The influence of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level and the electron mobility of organic CBL on the solar cells perfor- mance was compared. The results showed that Alq3, Bphen, and HATNA could significantly improve the device performance. The highest efficiency was obtained from device with an- nealed HATNA as CBL and increased for more than 7 times compared with device without CBL. Furthermore~ the simulation results with space charge-limited current theory indicated that the Schottky barrier at the organic/electrode interface in inverted OSC structure was reduced for 27% by inserting HATNA CBL.

Motives Underlying Organic Food Consumption in Turkey： Impact of Health, Environment, and Consumer Values on Purchase Intentions

Raising ecological awareness and health concerns create question marks about healthiness and sustainability of conventional foods in customers＇ minds. Due to augmented mass media coverage of environmental problems, health concerns related to consumption of genetically modified food and/or chemical contaminants in food, and consumers＇ increasing interest in healthy nutrition and environmental protection, there is a growing interest for organic foods in all over the world. Growing interest for organic foods, and increasing production and demand in organic food market has made organic food consumption a significant topic of research. Although organic food market and demand for organic foods have also been growing in Turkey, literature regarding organic food consumption is not very extensive. Therefore, this study aims to understand the underlying motives for organic food consumption in Turkey, and to explore the factors affecting Turkish consumers＇ attitudes towards organic foods and the behavioral intention of Turkish consumers to purchase organic food by the help of the theory of reasoned action （TRA）. The results of 622 successful surveys used for this empirical research indicate that Turkish consumers＇ attitudes towards organic foods are determined by perception of organic foods, consumer values, and price perception, while their purchase intention is determined by health consciousness, perception of organic foods, consumer values, price perception, and environmental concerns.

Discussion on Rural Finanical Problems From the Perspective of Theory of Constaint

Inadequate rural financial services and low service efficiency lead to the situation that a large sum of money flows from rural areas to urban areas through commercial banks. The situation goes against the development of rural production and causes the extreme lack of rural capital, the difficuties in loaning and the prevalence of uaurious loan. In view of the problems exsited in rural financial system, the rural financial developmental trend, rural gross production, rural financial scale and rural financial efficiency from 1983 to 2008 are empirically analyzed by using the Pagano model in endogenous growth theory. The research assumes that, rural financial scale has positive relation with rural economic output, that is to say, the expansion of rural fiancial scale can facilitate the development of rural economy; the rural financial efficiency has negative relation with rural economic development. In Chinese rural areas, the economic development still relies on the expansion of rural fianance. However, at the same time of increasing the financial scale, the efficiency of rural finance is deceasing gradually. Thus, the support of rural finance on rural economic growth lies at the low level. Therefore, in view of the basic rerequisite of rural economic development, two solutions are adopted and Japanese and Kereaon experince are used. The measures are as follows. First, conducting organization innovation through promoting new village construction and gathering dispersed farmers to form rural cooperative organization to reduce trasaction cost. Second, transforming financial support from exogeneity to endogenity and marketizing rural finance so as to effectively solve the efficiency of rural finance.

A Simple Theoretical Approach of Aqueous Solutions of Salts and Organic Solvents in Paper Chromatography

The purpose of this study is to determine the properties of the solvents responsible of the chromatographic phenomenon. A simple and homogeneous system of ascending chromatography on paper is described, allowing varying only one of the factors constituting it. This method made it possible to determine constants by means of a simple equation. The validity of the method is deduced from the good agreement between its mathematical expression and the experimental values obtained.

Substituent Effects on the Photocatalytic Properties of a Symmetric Covalent Organic Framework

Symmetric covalent organic framework(COF)photocatalysts generally suffer from inefficient charge separation and short-lived photoexcited states.By performing density functional theory(DFT)and time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT)calculations,we find that partial substitution with one or two substituents(N or NH_(2))in the linkage of the representative symmetric COF(N_(0)-COF)gives rise to the separation of charge carriers in the resulting COFs(i.e.,N_(1)-COF,N_(2)-COF,(NH_(2))1-N_(0)-COF,and(NH_(2))2-N_(0)-COF).Moreover,we also find that the energy levels of the highest occupied crystal orbital(HOCO)and the lowest unoccupied crystal orbital(LUCO)of the N_(0)-COF can shift away from or toward the vacuum level,depending on the electron-withdrawing or electron-donating characters of the substituent.Therefore,we propose that partial substitution with carefully chosen electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents in the linkages of symmetric COFs can lead to efficient charge separation as well as appropriate HOCO and LUCO positions of the generated COFs for specific photocatalytic reactions.The proposed rule can be utilized to further boost the photocatalytic performance of many symmetric COFs.

Direct and Indirect Excitons in Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks

Highly luminescent bulk two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks(COFs)attract much attention recently.Origin of their luminescence and their large Stokes shift is an open question.After first-principles calculations on two kinds of COFs using the GW method and Bethe-Salpeter equation,we find that monolayer COF has a direct band gap,while bulk COF is an indirect band-gap material.The calculated optical gap and optical absorption spectrum for the direct excitons of bulk COF agree with the experiment.However,the calculated energy of the indirect exciton,in which the photoelectron and the hole locate at the conduction band minimum and the valence band maximum of bulk COF respectively,is too low compared to the fluorescence spectrum in experiment.This may exclude the possible assistance of phonons in the luminescence of bulk COF.Luminescence of bulk COF might result from exciton recombination at the defects sites.The indirect band-gap character of bulk COF originates from its AA-stacked conformation.If the conformation is changed to the AB-stacked one,the band gap of COF becomes direct which may enhance the luminescence.

The Ecological Ethical Implications of Latour’s Gaia Theory

Latour combines“the anthropocene”and“the Gaia Hypothesis”and comes up with his Gaia Theory:On the one hand,Latour believes that humans will be an important force in regulating the earth system;on the other hand,Latour puts forward his own“relational ethics”,arguing that all laws or rules that Gaia follows should be realized through the interaction of actors,and“the parliament of things”can unify the domain of necessity and the domain of freedom and turn the opposition between fact and value into the difference between“taking into account”and“arranging in rank order”.His position of“relational ethics”alleviates the opposition between social construction orientation and naturalism orientation in ecological ethics.The mechanisms and principles proposed by“the parliament of things”are of great value in ecological ethics,but they are faced with problems,such as the effectiveness of representatives and whether the parliament can achieve substantial outcomes.The idea of“community of shared future for mankind”,as a Chinese plan for ecological governance,can provide new ideas for solving the above problems of“the parliament of things”.