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Origin of Magnetic Fields of Stellar Objects in the Universe Based on the 5D Projection Theory
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作者 Peter C. W. Fung K. W. Wong 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2017年第4期668-746,共79页
Beginning with a 5D homogeneous universe [1], we have provided a plausible explanation of the self-rotation phenomenon of stellar objects previously with illustration of large number of star samples [2], via a 5D-4D p... Beginning with a 5D homogeneous universe [1], we have provided a plausible explanation of the self-rotation phenomenon of stellar objects previously with illustration of large number of star samples [2], via a 5D-4D projection. The origin of such rotation is the balance of the angular momenta of stars and that of positive and negative charged e-trino pairs, within a 3D &otimes;1D?void of the stellar object, the existence of which is based on conservation/parity laws in physics if one starts with homogeneous 5D universe. While the in-phase e-trino pairs are proposed to be responsible for the generation of angular momentum, the anti-phase but oppositely charge pairs necessarily produce currents. In the 5D to 4D projection, one space variable in the 5D manifold was compacted to zero in most other 5D theories (including theories of Kaluza-Klein and Einstein [3] [4]). We have demonstrated, using the Fermat’s Last Theorem [5], that for validity of gauge invariance at the 4D-5D boundary, the 4th space variable in the 5D manifold is mapped into two current rings at both magnetic poles as required by Perelman entropy mapping;these loops are the origin of the dipolar magnetic field. One conclusion we draw is that there is no gravitational singularity, and hence no black holes in the universe, a result strongly supported by the recent discovery of many stars with masses well greater than 100 solar mass [6] [7] [8], without trace of phenomena observed (such as strong gamma and X ray emissions), which are supposed to be associated with black holes. We analyze the properties of such loop currents on the 4D-5D boundary, where Maxwell equations are valid. We derive explicit expressions for the dipolar fields over the whole temperature range. We then compare our prediction with measured surface magnetic fields of many stars. Since there is coupling in distribution between the in-phase and anti-phase pairs of e-trinos, the generated mag-netic field is directly related to the angular momentum, leading to the result that the magnetic field can be expressible in terms of only the mechanical variables (mass M, radius R, rotation period P)of a star, as if Maxwell equations are “hidden”. An explanation for the occurrence of this “un-expected result” is provided in Section (7.6). Therefore we provide satisfactory answers to a number of “mysteries” of magnetism in astrophysics such as the “Magnetic Bode’s Relation/Law” [9] and the experimental finding that B-P graph in the log-log plot is linear. Moreover, we have developed a new method for studying the relations among the data (M, R, P) during stellar evolution. Ten groups of stellar objects, effectively over 2000 samples are used in various parts of the analysis. We also explain the emergence of huge magnetic field in very old stars like White Dwarfs in terms of formation of 2D Semion state on stellar surface and release of magnetic flux as magnetic storms upon changing the 2D state back to 3D structure. Moreover, we provide an explanation, on the ground of the 5D theory, for the detection of extremely weak fields in Venus and Mars and the asymmetric distribution of magnetic field on the Martian surface. We predict the equatorial fields B of the newly discovered Trappist-1 star and the 6 nearest planets. The log B?&minus;?log P graph for the 6 planets is linear and they satisfy the Magnetic Bode’s relation. Based on the above analysis, we have discovered several new laws of stellar magnetism, which are summarized in Section (7.6). 展开更多
关键词 5D Projection theory Fermats Last Theorem Perelmans Mappings Self-Rotation Dipolar MAGNETIC FIELD of Stars LAWS of STELLAR Magnetism LAWS of STELLAR Angular Momentum MAGNETIC Bodes Law NON-EXISTENCE of Gravitational Singularity Semion State of Atoms in STELLAR Surface MAGNETIC Storm Planetary MAGNETIC FIELD Maxwell Equations at 4D-5D Boundary MAGNETIC Fields of the Trappist-1 System
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The Mathematical and Physical Theory of Rational Human Intelligence: Complete Empirical-Digital Properties;Full Electrochemical-Mechanical Model (Part I: Mathematical Foundations)
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作者 Leo Depuydt 《Advances in Pure Mathematics》 2013年第5期491-561,共71页
The design of this paper is to present the first installment of a complete and final theory of rational human intelligence. The theory is mathematical in the strictest possible sense. The mathematics involved is stric... The design of this paper is to present the first installment of a complete and final theory of rational human intelligence. The theory is mathematical in the strictest possible sense. The mathematics involved is strictly digital—not quantitative in the manner that what is usually thought of as mathematics is quantitative. It is anticipated at this time that the exclusively digital nature of rational human intelligence exhibits four flavors of digitality, apparently no more, and that each flavor will require a lengthy study in its own right. (For more information,please refer to the PDF.) 展开更多
关键词 Artificial INTELLIGENCE Boolean ALGEBRA Booles ALGEBRA Black Box Theories Brain Science Cognition Cognitive Science Digital MATHEMATICS Electricity and Magnetism J.-L. Lagrange and Partial Differential Equations J. C. Maxwells theory of Electromagnetism Neuroscience Non-Quantitative and Quantitative MATHEMATICS Physics RATIONAL Human INTELLIGENCE COMPLETE theory of RATIONAL Thought and Language
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Detecting a Regularity in the Generation and Utilization of Primes in the Multiplicative Number Theory 被引量:2
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作者 Silviu Guiasu 《Natural Science》 2019年第6期187-196,共10页
If Goldbach’s conjecture is true, then for each prime number p there is at least one pair of primes symmetric with respect to p and whose sum is 2p. In the multiplicative number theory, covering the positive integers... If Goldbach’s conjecture is true, then for each prime number p there is at least one pair of primes symmetric with respect to p and whose sum is 2p. In the multiplicative number theory, covering the positive integers with primes, during the prime factorization, may be viewed as being the outcome of a parallel system which functions properly if and only if Euler’s formula of the product of the reciprocals of the primes is true. An exact formula for the number of primes less than or equal to an arbitrary bound is given. This formula may be implemented using Wolfram’s computer package Mathematica. 展开更多
关键词 Goldbachs CONJECTURE Symmetric Prime Cousins Systemic Approach in NUMBER theory Parallel System Covering INTEGERS with PRIMES Eulers FORMULA for the Product of Reciprocals of PRIMES FORMULA for the Exact NUMBER of PRIMES Less than or Equal to an Arbitrary Bound
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The Substructure of Elementary Particles Demonstrated by the I-Theory
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作者 H. H. Swami Isa Christophe Dumas 《Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology》 CAS 2024年第2期469-514,共46页
Present studies in physics assume that elementary particles are the building blocks of all matter, and that they are zero-dimensional objects which do not occupy space. The new I-Theory predicts that elementary partic... Present studies in physics assume that elementary particles are the building blocks of all matter, and that they are zero-dimensional objects which do not occupy space. The new I-Theory predicts that elementary particles do indeed have a substructure, three dimensions, and occupy space, being composed of fundamental particles called I-particles. In this article we identify the substructural pattern of elementary particles and define the quanta of energy that form each elementary particle. We demonstrate that the substructure comprises two classes of quanta which we call “attraction quanta” and “repulsion quanta”. We create a model that defines the rest-mass energy of each elementary particle and can predict new particles. Lastly, in order to incorporate this knowledge into the contemporary models of science, a revised periodic table is proposed. 展开更多
关键词 I-theory I-Particle Causal Subtle Gross Quanta Attraction Quanta Repulsion Quanta Elementary Particles LEPTONS BOSONS Hadron Periodic Table Black Matter White Matter Red Matter Gravitation Strong Force Weak Force Quantum theory Heat Quantum Photon Neutrino
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Theory of pleiotropic action of biologically active compounds and medicines—Basic principles and practical application
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作者 N. A. Bizunok 《Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics》 2013年第3期94-104,共11页
This article represents the main positions of the theory of pleiotropic action of biologically active compounds (BACs) and medicines, which has been designed by the author based on her own experimental researches. The... This article represents the main positions of the theory of pleiotropic action of biologically active compounds (BACs) and medicines, which has been designed by the author based on her own experimental researches. The term “pleiotropy” means the ability of the BACs and medicines to implement more than one mechanism of action resulting in the specific biological (pharmacological) effect. The interaction of these mechanisms forms a distinct pattern of biological response (pleiotropic pattern), which reflects the change in his character with the increased dose (concentration)-dependent efficacy of BACs and medicines. The article consists of description of different pleiotropic patterns established in experiments on the model of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by macrophages dependent on activity of specialized enzyme called Nox2-NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox2, EC 1.6.3.1). Moreover, it consists of explanation of pharmacodynamic nature of pleiotropic patterns by means of application Chou-Talalay median effect equalization and combination index (CI) theory. The novel theory explains unsolved until now universal aspects of activity BACs and medicines, such as slope angles of “dose-effect” dependences in the conditions relevant in vivo, and it is of fundamental interest. However, it has applications in experimental pharmacology, as it allows defining the choice of the individual compounds and combinations, modulating the trust effect selectively and efficiently. This knowledge opens up new approaches to medicines discovery and evaluation, their rational dosing and combining. 展开更多
关键词 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Nox2-NAD(P)H Oxidase (Nox2) Slope Angles of DOSE-EFFECT DEPENDENCES PLEIOTROPY PLEIOTROPIC Patterns Polytropism Pharmacological Affect Nature MEDICINES Combinations Novel theory of Biologically Active Compounds (BACs) and MEDICINES Action
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A New Version of Unified Field Theory—Stochastic Quantum Space Theory on Particle Physics and Cosmology 被引量:3
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作者 Zhi-Yuan Shen 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2013年第10期1213-1380,共168页
Stochastic Quantum Space (SQS) theory is a new version of unified field theory based on three fundamental postulations: Gaussian Probability Postulation, Prime Numbers Postulation, Vacuon Postulation. It build a frame... Stochastic Quantum Space (SQS) theory is a new version of unified field theory based on three fundamental postulations: Gaussian Probability Postulation, Prime Numbers Postulation, Vacuon Postulation. It build a framework with theoretical results agree with many experimental data well. For more information, please refer to the PDF. 展开更多
关键词 Unified Field theory SPACE Structure Elementary Particles Gaussian Probability Prime Numbers SPORADIC Groups GUT DARK Matter DARK Energy Cosmos INFLATON MULTIVERSE Anthropic Principle General Relativity Primary Basic Equations
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General Relativity as the Classical Limit of the Renormalizable Gauge Theory of Volume Preserving Diffeomorphisms
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作者 Christian Wiesendanger 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2014年第10期948-958,共11页
The different roles and natures of spacetime appearing in a quantum field theory and in classical physics are analyzed implying that a quantum theory of gravitation is not necessarily a quantum theory of curved spacet... The different roles and natures of spacetime appearing in a quantum field theory and in classical physics are analyzed implying that a quantum theory of gravitation is not necessarily a quantum theory of curved spacetime. Developing an alternative approach to quantum gravity starts with the postulate that inertial energy-momentum and gravitational energy-momentum need not be the same for virtual quantum states. Separating their roles naturally leads to the quantum gauge field theory of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms of an inner four-dimensional space. The classical limit of this theory coupled to a quantized scalar field is derived for an on-shell particle where inertial energy-momentum and gravitational energy-momentum coincide. In that process the symmetry under volume-preserving diffeomorphisms disappears and a new symmetry group emerges: the group of coordinate transformations of four-dimensional spacetime and with it General Relativity coupled to a classical relativistic point particle. 展开更多
关键词 QUANTUM Gravity QUANTUM Gauge theory of Volume-Preserving DIFFEOMORPHISM Group GR Emerging AS the Classical LIMIT of Above Different Roles of Inertial and Gravitational Momentum Observability of Spacetime at Microscopic Level
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A Resolution of the Black Hole Information Paradox via Transfinite Set Theory
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作者 Mohamed S. El Naschie 《World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics》 2015年第4期249-260,共12页
A black hole is essentially a relativistic as well as a quantum object. Therefore the information paradox of black holes is a consequence of the clash between these two most fundamental theories of modern physics. It ... A black hole is essentially a relativistic as well as a quantum object. Therefore the information paradox of black holes is a consequence of the clash between these two most fundamental theories of modern physics. It is logical to conclude that a resolution of the problem requires some form of a quantum gravity theory. The present work proposes such a resolution using set theory and pointless spacetime geometry. 展开更多
关键词 Information PARADOX Black HOLES S. Hawking G. 't Hooft L. Susskind Transfinite Set theory NONCOMMUTATIVE Geometry Measure Concentration Dvoretzkys Theorem DARK Energy CASIMIR Effect Nano CASIMIR Reactor
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Image Mathematics—Mathematical Intervening Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Mathematics (I) 被引量:28
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作者 Yingshan Zhang Weilan Shao 《Applied Mathematics》 2012年第6期617-636,共20页
By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the mathematical intervening principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” (虚则补其母, 实则泄其子) and “Strong... By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the mathematical intervening principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” (虚则补其母, 实则泄其子) and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” (抑强扶弱) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in image mathematics of Traditional Chinese Mathematics (TCMath). We defined generalized relations and generalized reasoning, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the intervention principle in image mathematics of TCMath and treated the research object of the image mathematics as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the mathematical intervening principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model. 展开更多
关键词 Image MATHEMATICS Yin Yang WU Xing theory Steady Multilateral Systems Opposite Non-Compatibility Relations INTERVENTION RULE Self-Protection RULE MATHEMATICAL Side Effects Mathe-matical INTERVENTION Resistance Problem
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Acupuncture Treating Dystrophy Based on pH <br/>—Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (III) 被引量:2
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作者 Yingshan Zhang Bibo Zhang 《Chinese Medicine》 2019年第2期39-105,共67页
Theory of both Zangxiang (藏象) and Jingluo (经络) is useful in understanding disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates th... Theory of both Zangxiang (藏象) and Jingluo (经络) is useful in understanding disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Searching for a root cause of disease in cure, treatment of both the root-cause and symptoms at the same time” (治病求本, 标本兼治). It means that for a human body, there is the mathematical structure of both Zangxiang and Jingluo as her/his second physiological system. It can be used to determine both the root-cause and symptoms of the sick organ by using both Zangxiang and Jingluo. In general, for the human blood pH value, the normal range of theory is [7.34539, 7.45461] nearly to [7.35, 7.45], and the center is 7.4. The first or second transfer law of a human body’s energies changes according to the different blood pH values whether in the normal range or not. Human disease treatment should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. 展开更多
关键词 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) YIN Yang WU Xing theory Steady Multilateral Systems INCOMPATIBILITY Relations Side Effects Medical and Drug Resistance Problem
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Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine 被引量:5
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作者 Yingshan Zhang 《Chinese Medicine》 2011年第1期6-15,共10页
By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support th... By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined two kinds of opposite relations and one kind of equivalence relation, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model. 展开更多
关键词 Traditional Chinese Medicine Yin Yang WU Xing theory STEADY Multilateral Systems Opposite RELATIONS Side Effects Medical and Drug Resistance Problem
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Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (II) 被引量:4
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作者 Yingshan Zhang 《Chinese Medicine》 2011年第4期158-170,共13页
By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu X... By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined generalized relations and reasoning, introduced the concept of generalized steady multilateral systems, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle above is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model. 展开更多
关键词 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Yin Yang WU Xing theory STEADY Multilateral Systems Opposite Relations SIDE-EFFECTS Medical and Drug Resistance Problem
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Motoyosi Sugita—A “Widely Unknown” Japanese Thermodynamicist Who Explored the 4th Law of Thermodynamics for Creation of the Theory of Life
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作者 Kazumoto Iguchi 《Open Journal of Biophysics》 2016年第4期125-232,共109页
The purpose of this paper is to introduce to you, the Western people, nowadays a “widely unknown” Japanese thermodynamicist by the name of Motoyosi Sugita and his study on the thermodynamics of transient phenomena a... The purpose of this paper is to introduce to you, the Western people, nowadays a “widely unknown” Japanese thermodynamicist by the name of Motoyosi Sugita and his study on the thermodynamics of transient phenomena and his theory of life. This is because although he was one of the top theoretical physicists in Japan before, during and after WWII and after WWII he promoted the establishment of the biophysical society of Japan as one of the founding members, he himself and his studies themselves have seemed to be totally forgotten nowadays in spite that his study was absolutely important for the study of life. Therefore, in this paper I would like to present what kind of person he was and what he studied in physics as a review on the physics work of Motoyosi Sugita for the first time. I will follow his past studies to introduce his ideas in theoretical physics as well as in biophysics as follows: He proposed the bright ideas such as the quasi-static change in the broad sense, the virtual heat, and the field of chemical potential etc. in order to establish his own theory of thermodynamics of transient phenomena, as the generalization of the Onsager-Prigogine’s theory of the irreversible processes. By the concept of the field of chemical potential that acquired the nonlinear transport, he was seemingly successful to exceed and go beyond the scope of Onsager and Prigogine. Once he established his thermodynamics, he explored the existence of the 4th law of thermodynamics for the foundation of theory of life. He applied it to broad categories of transient phenomena including life and life being such as the theory of metabolism. He regarded the 4th law of thermodynamics as the maximum principle in transient phenomena. He tried to prove it all life long. Since I have recently found that his maximum principle can be included in more general maximum principle, which was known as the Pontryagin’s maximum principle in the theory of optimal control, I would like to explain such theories produced by Motoyosi Sugita as detailed as possible. And also I have put short history of Motoyosi Sugita’s personal life in order for you to know him well. I hope that this article helps you to know this wonderful man and understand what he did in the past, which was totally forgotten in the world and even in Japan. 展开更多
关键词 Unknown Japanese Thermodynamicist Motoyosi Sugita Thermodynamics of Transient Phenomena Virtual Heat Broad Quasi-Static Change Chemical Potential Field of Chemical Potential Diffusion Phenomena Number of Partition Dissipation Function Onsagers theory of Irreversible Processes Prigogines Least Production of Entropy 4th Law of Thermodynamics Maximum Principle Pontryagins Maximum Principle Bellmans Optimality Principle theory of Metabolism theory of Life CYBERNETICS
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Development of the theory and technology for low permeability reservoirs in China 被引量:7
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作者 HU Wenrui WEI Yi BAO Jingwei 《Petroleum Exploration and Development》 2018年第4期685-697,共13页
The development theories of low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs are refined, the key development technologies are summarized, and the prospect and technical direction of sustainable development are discussed based... The development theories of low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs are refined, the key development technologies are summarized, and the prospect and technical direction of sustainable development are discussed based on the understanding and research on developed low-permeability oil and gas resources in China. The main achievements include:(1) the theories of low-permeability reservoir seepage, dual-medium seepage, relative homogeneity, etc.(2) the well location optimization technology combining favorable area of reservoir with gas-bearing prediction and combining pre-stack with post-stack;(3) oriented perforating multi-fracture, multistage sand adding, multistage temporary plugging, vertical well multilayer, horizontal and other fracturing techniques to improve productivity of single well;(4) the technology of increasing injection and keeping pressure, such as overall decreasing pressure, local pressurization, shaped charge stamping and plugging removal, fine separate injection, mild advanced water injection and so on;(5) enhanced recovery technology of optimization of injection-production well network in horizontal wells. To continue to develop low-permeability reserves economically and effectively, there are three aspects of work to be done well:(1) depending on technical improvement, continue to innovate new technologies and methods, establish a new mode of low quality reservoir development economically, determine the main technical boundaries and form replacement technology reserves of advanced development;(2) adhering to the management system of low cost technology & low cost, set up a complete set of low-cost dual integration innovation system through continuous innovation in technology and management;(3) striving for national preferential policies. 展开更多
关键词 low permeability oil and gas reservoir SEEPAGE theory volume FRACTURING WATERFLOODING technology WELL location optimization horizontal WELL technical DEVELOPMENT direction
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Predicting of Power Quality Steady State Index Based on Chaotic Theory Using Least Squares Support Vector Machine 被引量:2
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作者 Aiqiang Pan Jian Zhou +2 位作者 Peng Zhang Shunfu Lin Jikai Tang 《Energy and Power Engineering》 2017年第4期713-724,共12页
An effective power quality prediction for regional power grid can provide valuable references and contribute to the discovering and solving of power quality problems. So a predicting model for power quality steady sta... An effective power quality prediction for regional power grid can provide valuable references and contribute to the discovering and solving of power quality problems. So a predicting model for power quality steady state index based on chaotic theory and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) is proposed in this paper. At first, the phase space reconstruction of original power quality data is performed to form a new data space containing the attractor. The new data space is used as training samples for the LSSVM. Then in order to predict power quality steady state index accurately, the particle swarm algorithm is adopted to optimize parameters of the LSSVM model. According to the simulation results based on power quality data measured in a certain distribution network, the model applies to several indexes with higher forecasting accuracy and strong practicability. 展开更多
关键词 CHAOTIC theory Least SQUARES Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) Power Quality STEADY State Index Phase Space Reconstruction Particle SWARM Optimization
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The “Dead Universe” Theory: Natural Separation of Galaxies Driven by the Remnants of a Supermassive Dead Universe
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作者 Joel Almeida 《Natural Science》 2024年第6期65-101,共37页
This article explores the dead universe theory as a novel interpretation for the origin and evolution of the universe, suggesting that our cosmos may have originated from the remnants of a preceding universe. This per... This article explores the dead universe theory as a novel interpretation for the origin and evolution of the universe, suggesting that our cosmos may have originated from the remnants of a preceding universe. This perspective challenges the conventional Big Bang theory, particularly concerning dark matter, the expansion of the universe, and the interpretation of phenomena such as gravitational waves. 展开更多
关键词 Dead Universe theory Heat Death of the Universe Big Bang theory Universes Ultimate Fate Universe Expansion Big Freeze Universe Cosmological Models End of Universe Theories Natural Galaxy Drift Future of the Universe Universe Cooling Down Cosmology and Entropy
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The Pursuit of Fallacy in Density Functional Theory: The Quest for Exchange and Correlation, the Rigorous Treatment of Exchange in the Kohn-Sham Formalism and the Continuing Search for Correlation
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作者 A. Gonis 《World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics》 2014年第3期200-225,共26页
As pointed out in the paper preceding this one, in the case of functionals whose independent variable must obey conditions of integral normalization, conventional functional differentiation, defined in terms of an arb... As pointed out in the paper preceding this one, in the case of functionals whose independent variable must obey conditions of integral normalization, conventional functional differentiation, defined in terms of an arbitrary test function, is generally inapplicable and functional derivatives with respect to the density must be evaluated through the alternative and widely used limiting procedure based on the Dirac delta function. This leads to the determination of the rate of change of the dependent variable with respect to its independent variable at each isolated pair, , that may not be part of a functional (a set of ordered pairs). This extends the concept of functional derivative to expectation values of operators with respect to wave functions leading to a density even if the wave functions (and expectation values) do not form functionals. This new formulation of functional differentiation forms the basis for the study of the mathematical integrity of a number of concepts in density functional theory (DFT) such as the existence of a universal functional of the density, of orbital-free density functional theory, the derivative discontinuity of the exchange and correlation functional and the extension of DFT to open systems characterized by densities with fractional normalization. It is shown that no universal functional exists but, rather, a universal process based only on the density and independent of the possible existence of a potential, leads to unique functionals of the density determined through the minimization procedure of the constrained search. The mathematical integrity of two methodologies proposed for the treatment of the Coulomb interaction, the self-interaction free method and the optimized effective potential method is examined and the methodologies are compared in terms of numerical calculations. As emerges from this analysis, the optimized effective potential method is found to be numerically approximate but formally invalid, contrary to the rigorously exact results of the self-interaction-free method. 展开更多
关键词 DENSITY FUNCTIONAL theory Variational Properties of DENSITY FUNCTIONAL theory Self-Interaction Error Optimized Effective Potential FUNCTIONAL DERIVATIVE Parametric DERIVATIVE FUNCTIONAL Rate of Change DERIVATIVE Discontinuity Orbital-Free DENSITY FUNCTIONAL theory EXCHANGE and CORRELATION FUNCTIONAL
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Toward a Local Theory of Light
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作者 Richard A. Hutchin 《Optics and Photonics Journal》 2015年第7期247-259,共13页
Quantum mechanics is a probabilistic theory of the universe suggestive of a mean value theory similar to thermodynamics prior to the introduction of the atomic theory. If QM will follow a similar path to thermodynamic... Quantum mechanics is a probabilistic theory of the universe suggestive of a mean value theory similar to thermodynamics prior to the introduction of the atomic theory. If QM will follow a similar path to thermodynamics, then a local deterministic theory must be developed which matches QM predictions. There have been four tough barriers to a local theory of light, of which Bell’s Theorem has been considered the ultimate barrier. The other three barriers are explaining spontaneous emission, the reflection of a small fraction of light at a dielectric interface and the splitting action of a polarizer on polarized light (Malus’ Law). The challenge is that in a local theory of light, everything must have a specific cause and effect. There can be nothing spontaneous or hidden. Local solutions to all four of these barriers are presented in this paper, integrating results from two previous papers and adding the solution paths to the third and fourth barriers as well, which are nearly identical. A previous paper [1] used results from Einstein’s famous 1917 paper on stimulated emission to provide a deterministic local model for spontaneous emission. A second paper [2] showed that QM predictions in tests of Bell’s theorem could be matched with a local model by modifying the definition of entanglement in a manner invisible to quantum mechanics. This paper summarizes and extends those two results and then presents a deterministic model of reflection from a dielectric interface and transmission of polarized light through a polarizer that both match quantum mechanics. As the framework of a local theory of light emerges, it is not surprising that we find corners of physics where small disagreements with quantum mechanics are predicted. A new Bell type test is described in this paper which can distinguish the local from the nonlocal theory, giving predictions that must disagree slightly but significantly with quantum mechanics. If such experiments are proven to disagree with quantum mechanics, then the door to a local theory of light will be opened. 展开更多
关键词 ENTANGLED PHOTONS Bells Theorem LOCAL theory of LIGHT Tests of Quantum Mechanics Spontaneous Emission Malus Law Reflection from a Dielectric
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Application of the Non-Local Physics in the Theory of Gravitational Waves and Big Bang 被引量:1
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作者 Boris V. Alexeev 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2013年第7期26-41,共16页
The theory of gravitational waves in the frame of non-local quantum hydrodynamics (NLQH) is considered. From calculations follow that NLQH equations for “empty” space have the traveling wave solutions belonging in p... The theory of gravitational waves in the frame of non-local quantum hydrodynamics (NLQH) is considered. From calculations follow that NLQH equations for “empty” space have the traveling wave solutions belonging in particular to the soliton class. The possible influence and reaction of the background microwave radiation is taken into account. These results lead to the principal correction of the inflation theory and serve as the explanation for the recent discovery of the universe’s cosmic microwave background anomalies. The simple analytical particular cases and numerical calculations are delivered. Proposal for astronomers—to find in the center domain of the hefty cold spot the smallest hot spot as the origin of the initial burst—Big Bang. 展开更多
关键词 FOUNDATIONS of the theory of Transport Processes The theory of SOLITONS Generalized HYDRODYNAMIC Equations FOUNDATIONS of Quantum Mechanics TRAVELING Wave Solutions Big Bang
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The Mathematical Foundations of Gauge Theory Revisited
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作者 Jean-Francois Pommaret 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2014年第5期157-170,共14页
We start recalling with critical eyes the mathematical methods used in gauge theory and prove that they are not coherent with continuum mechanics, in particular the analytical mechanics of rigid bodies (despite using ... We start recalling with critical eyes the mathematical methods used in gauge theory and prove that they are not coherent with continuum mechanics, in particular the analytical mechanics of rigid bodies (despite using the same group theoretical methods) and the well known couplings existing between elasticity and electromagnetism (piezzo electricity, photo elasticity, streaming birefringence). The purpose of this paper is to avoid such contradictions by using new mathematical methods coming from the formal theory of systems of partial differential equations and Lie pseudo groups. These results finally allow unifying the previous independent tentatives done by the brothers E. and F. Cosserat in 1909 for elasticity or H. Weyl in 1918 for electromagnetism by using respectively the group of rigid motions of space or the conformal group of space-time. Meanwhile we explain why the Poincaré duality scheme existing between geometry and physics has to do with homological algebra and algebraic analysis. We insist on the fact that these results could not have been obtained before 1975 as the corresponding tools were not known before. 展开更多
关键词 Gauge theory Curvature Torsion Maurer-Cartan Forms Maurer-Cartan Equations LIE GROUPS LIE Pseudo GROUPS DIFFERENTIAL SEQUENCE JANET SEQUENCE Spencer SEQUENCE DIFFERENTIAL Module Homological Algebra Extension Modules
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