Five-phase Synchronous Reluctance Machines Equipped with a Novel Type of Fractional Slot Winding

Multi-phase machines are so attractive for electrical machine designers because of their valuable advantages such as high reliability and fault tolerant ability.Meanwhile,fractional slot concentrated windings(FSCW)are well known because of short end winding length,simple structure,field weakening sufficiency,fault tolerant capability and higher slot fill factor.The five-phase machines equipped with FSCW,are very good candidates for the purpose of designing motors for high reliable applications,like electric cars,major transporting buses,high speed trains and massive trucks.But,in comparison to the general distributed windings,the FSCWs contain high magnetomotive force(MMF)space harmonic contents,which cause unwanted effects on the machine ability,such as localized iron saturation and core losses.This manuscript introduces several new five-phase fractional slot winding layouts,by the means of slot shifting concept in order to design the new types of synchronous reluctance motors(SynRels).In order to examine the proposed winding’s performances,three sample machines are designed as case studies,and analytical study and finite element analysis(FEA)is used for validation.

Winding Function Model-based Performance Evaluation of a PM Transverse Flux Generator for Applications in Direct-drive Systems

The magnetic flux in a permanent magnet transverse flux generator(PMTFG) is three-dimensional(3D), therefore, its efficacy is evaluated using 3D magnetic field analysis. Although the 3D finite-element method(FEM) is highly accurate and reliable for machine simulation, it requires a long computation time, which is crucial when it is to be used in an iterative optimization process. Therefore, an alternative to 3DFEM is required as a rapid and accurate analytical technique. This paper presents an analytical model for PMTFG analysis using winding function method. To obtain the air gap MMF distribution, the excitation magneto-motive force(MMF) and the turn function are determined based on certain assumptions. The magnetizing inductance, flux density, and back-electro-magnetomotive force of the winding are then determined. To assess the accuracy of the proposed method, the analytically calculated parameters of the generator are compared to those obtained by a 3D-FEM. The presented method requires significantly shorter computation time than the 3D-FEM with comparable accuracy.

Adaptive RISE Control of Winding Tension with Active Disturbance Rejection

A winding system is a time-varying system that considers complex nonlinear characteristics,and how to control the stability of the winding tension during the winding process is the primary problem that has hindered development in this field in recent years.Many nonlinear factors affect the tension in the winding process,such as friction,structured uncertainties,unstructured uncertainties,and external interference.These terms severely restrict the tension tracking performance.Existing tension control strategies are mainly based on the composite control of the tension and speed loops,and previous studies involve complex decoupling operations.Owing to the large number of calculations required for this method,it is inconvenient for practical engineering applications.To simplify the tension generation mechanism and the influence of the nonlinear characteristics of the winding system,a simpler nonlinear dynamic model of the winding tension was established.An adaptive method was applied to update the feedback gain of the continuous robust integral of the sign of the error(RISE).Furthermore,an extended state observer was used to estimate modeling errors and external disturbances.The model disturbance term can be compensated for in the designed RISE controller.The asymptotic stability of the system was proven according to the Lyapunov stability theory.Finally,a comparative analysis of the proposed nonlinear controller and several other controllers was performed.The results indicated that the control of the winding tension was significantly enhanced.

A Novel Open-winding Permanent Magnetic Starter-generator

针对永磁电机应用于车载起动／发电系统时存在的电压调节困难、适用转速范围窄、功率因数较低等问题，提出一种新型永磁车载起动／发电系统。通过引入绕组开路型永磁电机，绕组一端接整流桥形成输出直流侧，另一端接逆变桥形成控制端，构成具有宽转速范围和高效率的永磁电机起动／发电系统。分析该系统的起动、发电一体化工作原理，给出了通过逆变侧变换器实现发电机电压、电流控制的方案。仿真和实验结果表明，该新型车载起动／发电系统具有优良的发电调压控制性能，并且适应较宽的转速范围。

Calculation of torque and speed of induction machines under rotor winding faults

Based on the multi-loop method, the rotating torque and speed of theinduction machine are analyzed. The fluctuating components of the torque and speed caused by rotorwinding faults are studied. The models for calculating the fluctuating components are put forward.Simulation and computation results show that the rotor winding faults will cause electromagnetictorque and rotating speed to fluctuate; and fluctuating frequencies are the same and their magnitudewill increase with the rise of the severity of the faults. The load inertia affects the torque andspeed fluctuation, with the increase of inertia, the fluctuation of the torque will rise, while thecorresponding speed fluctuation will obviously decline.

Electromagnetic Design of a Switched Reluctance Motor With Segmental Rotors and Full-pitch Windings

整距绕组分块转子开关磁阻电机具有高速运行时低风（油）阻和低铁心损耗等优点，特别适合用于航天航空驱动系统。根据整距绕组分块转子开关磁阻电机的基本工作原理，结合输出功率与平均转矩的关系，将绕组电流等效为方波，推导出了整距绕组分块转子开关磁阻电机的主体尺寸计算公式；基于电机定转子未对齐位置和对齐位置的电磁特性，以及整距绕组分块转子开关磁阻电机的电磁特点，确定了定、转子极弧系数选取的规则；同时分析了绕组匝数等主要尺寸的选取的规则；最后，基于上述方法优化设计了一台实验样机，并通过有限元仿真及实验验证了整距绕组分块转子开关磁阻电机的电磁设计方法的正确性。

Simulation and calculation of internal faults in long-stator linear synchronous motor based on winding function theory

To guarantee the safety of the high speed maglev train system, a novel model based on the winding function theory is proposed for the long-stator linear synchronous motor（LSM）, which is suitable for the real-time calculation of the running state. The accurate coupled mathematical models under different internal fault conditions of the LSM are derived based on the normal model. Then the fault currents and electromagnetic forces are simulated and calculated for the major potential internal faults of the LSM, such as the single-phase short circuit, the phase-phase short circuit and the single-phase open circuit. The characteristic curve between the electromagnetic force and the armature current of the LSM, which is compared with the results from the finite element method, proves the validation of the proposed method. The fault rule is determined and the proposed analytical model also shows its feasibility in the fast fault diagnosis through the comparison of the simulation results of currents and electromagnetic forces under different internal fault types and short circuit ratios.

Design and Analysis of a Novel Tension Control Method for Winding Machine

Filament winding has emerged as the main process for carbon fiber reinforced plastic(CFRP) fabrication, and tension control plays a key role in enhancing the quality of the winding products. With the continuous improvement of prod?uct quality and e ciency, the precision of the tension control system is constantly improving. In this paper, a novel tension control method is proposed, which can regulate the fiber tension and transport speed of the winding process by governing the outputs of three di erent driven rollers(the torque of the unwind roll, the torque of the magnetic powder brake roller, and the speed of the master speed roller) in three levels. The mechanical structures and dynamic models of the driven rollers and idle rollers are established by considering the time?varying features of the roller radius and inertia. Moreover, the influence of parameters and speed variation on fiber tension is investigated using the increment model. Subsequently, the control method is proposed by applying fiber tension in three levels accord?ing to the features of the three driven rollers. An adaptive fuzzy controller is designed for tuning the PID parameters online to control the speed of the master speed roller. Simulation is conducted for verifying the performance and sta?bility of the proposed tension control method by comparing with those of the conventional PID control method. The result reveals that the proposed method outperforms the conventional method. Finally, an experimental platform is constructed, and the proposed system is applied to a winding machine. The performance and stability of the tension control system are demonstrated via a series of experiments using carbon fiber under di erent reference speeds and tensions. This paper proposes a novel tension control method to regulate the fiber tension and transport speed.

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

A theory of composite material patch winding is proposed to determine the winding trajectory with a meshed data model. Two different conditions are considered in this study. One is Bridge condition on the concave surface and the other is Slip line condition in the process of patch winding. This paper presents the judgment principles and corresponding solutions by applying differential geometry theory and space geometry theory. To verify the feasibility of the patch winding method, the winding control code is programmed. Furthermore, the winding experiments on an airplane inlet and a vane are performed. From the experiments, it shows that the patch winding theory has the advantages of flexibility, easy design and application.

应用Winding-Number算法快速确定中国地震地理位置名称

应用winding Number算法,快速确定中国地震地理位置名称(精确到县市区一级),查询过程具有准确性、高效性和误差小等特点。根据实际要求,将地名查询程序应用到F-E分区程序,可得到中国地震地理位置详细名称,顺应地震观测报告的出版要求,为地震基础科学研究提供便利。

Variable Tension Control for Discontinuous Tape Winding of Composites Based on Constant Extension Ratio

Discontinuous tape winding, which has obvious advantages in large extension ratio winding, is widely used in the molding of composites. Therefore, the research on technological parameters becomes the focus of many scholars. However, how to accomplish the variable tension control is usually not fully considered. Accordingly, the constant extension ratio and the smoothness of winding process cannot be ensured. Aiming at the problem of tension control, this paper first gives a comparatively deep research on the control method and the interaction mechanism of tension, extension ratio, automatic lap and automatic rectification. Then, according to the winding process features, the mechanical device and the mathematical model of tension control system are established respectively. With regard to the characteristics of PID controller and fuzzy controller, the fuzzy self-tuning PID controller is designed. As a result, the variable tension control is realized during the winding and lapping process, and the constant extension ratio is guaranteed. Finally, a sample application is presented for demonstration. By presenting the variable tension control techniques for discontinuous tape winding, the constant extension ratio of tapes is achieved, the consecution and the automation degree of winding process is improved as well. Thus, the quality of wound products is guaranteed.

Crashworthiness performance of hybrid kenaf/glass fiber reinforced epoxy tube on winding orientation effect under quasi-static compression load

This research was aimed to study the effect winding orientation on the crashworthiness performance of hybrid tube.The specimens tested under quasi-static compression load involve of three winding parameters(q?30,45and 70)of hybrid kenaf/glass fiber reinforced epoxy and glass fiber reinforced epoxy as contrast specimen.The automated filament winding technique has been used in fabrication of hybrid and non-hybrid composite tube and crashworthiness performance was investigated experimentally.The effects of winding orientation on energy absorption capabilities and crashworthiness characteristic were investigated through quasi-static compression load and the result are compared with the glass fiber composite tube to justify the capability of hybrid natural/synthetic as energy absorption application.Hybridized samples proved to enhancing the progressive crushing capability as combination of local buckling,delaminate and brittle fracturing as progressive crushing modes.In the view of winding orientation aspect,the results of high winding orientation of hybrid composite tube elevated the crush load efficiency,specific energy absorption and energy absorption capability compared to glass composite tube(GFRP).The hybrid kenaf/glass composite tube with high winding orientation showed the best winding orientation to enhance the energy absorber characteristics as energy absorption application.

Deviation-Rectifying Control of Carbon Fiber Prepreg Slitting and Winding Machine

With the growing needs of prepreg tapes for the automated fiber placement(AFP),the deviation-rectifying of prepreg in slitting process was investigated on a self-developed 16-tow prepreg slitting and winding machine.The process of slitting and rewinding of prepreg tape was introduced,and the reason of prepreg tape deviation in slitting process was analyzed.In order to ensure the quality of the narrow prepreg slits,the application of the fuzzy PID algorithm in a closed-loop control system was discussed.A fuzzy PID algorithm was designed by combining fuzzy rules and PID controller.By applying it to precise deviation-rectifying control strategy,the automatic control of rectification could be achieved with accuracy of 0.1 mm,which satisfies the requirement of the prepreg tape both in slitting quality and layup quality for AFP.

Analysis for the residual prestress of composite barrel for railgun with tension winding

Based on the elastic theory of cylindrical shells and the theory of composite laminates,a prediction model for the residual prestress of the simplified round composite barrel for railgun is established.Only the fibre pretension is considered in this model.A three dimensional numerical simulation for the residual prestress in the railgun barrel is carried out,by combining the temperature differential method with the element birth and death technology.The results obtained by the two methods are compared.It reveals that the distribution trends of residual prestress are consistent.And the difference for residual prestress in the filament wound composite housing of barrel is relatively small.The same finite element method is used to analysis the residual prestress in the non-simplified composite barrels for railgun,which are under different control modes of winding tension.The results mean that the residual prestress in barrel will increase while the taper coefficient for winding is decreasing.Therefore,the sealing performance in bore is improved,but the strength of the filament wound composite housing drops.In addition,the axial and circumferential residual prestress in the filament wound composite housing with constant torque winding are close to the ones in iso-stress design for barrel.

PMAC Principle and Its Application to Cell Winding

The structure and principle of the PMAC (Programmable Multi-Axis Controller) were described.The implementation of PMAC hardware was illustrated by taking the winding process of one cell for example.The main obvious character of PMAC is to complete a movement program in turns of movement sequence.When PMAC is notified to execute a motion program, it will process one command every time and finish all the calculation to be ready for real action.PMAC card works always prior to real action, when necessary, it can always coordinate correctly with the action which will be carried out soon PMAC will automatically carry out the function of resource management periodically to make sure that the whole system is in correct condition.And also, it can communicate with host computer anytime even during a movement series.The responsibility of PMAC is to organize command according to priority to optimize the system, so as to run the application program safely and efficiently.The function and application of control were emphasized.

Integrated Design of D.D.I., Filament Winding and Curing Processes for Manufacturing the High Pressure Vessel(Type Ⅱ)

As energy crisis and environment pollution all around the world threaten the widespread use of fossil fuels,compressed natural gas(CNG)vehicles are explored as an alternative to the conventional gasoline powered vehicles.Because of the limited space available for the car,the composite pressure vessel(TypeⅡ)has been applied to the CNG vehicles to reach large capacity and weight lightening vehicles.High pressure vessel(TypeⅡ)is composed of a composite layer and a metal liner.The metal liner is formed by the deep drawing and ironing(D.D.I.)process,which is a complex process of deep drawing and ironing.The cylinder part is reinforced by composite layer wrapped through the filament winding process and is bonded to the liner by the curing process.In this study,an integrated design method was presented by establishing the techniques for FE analysis of entire processes(D.D.I.,filament winding and curing processes)to manufacture the CNG composite pressure vessel(TypeⅡ).Dimensions of the dies and the punches of the 1 st(cup drawing),2 nd(redrawing-ironing 1-ironing 2)and 3 rd(redrawing-ironing)stages were calculated theoretically,and shape of tractrix die to be satisfied with the minimum forming load was suggested for life improvement and manufacturing costs in the D.D.I.process.Thickness of the composite material was determined in the filament winding process,finally,conditions of the curing process(number of heating stage,curing temperature,heating rate and time)were proposed to reinforce adhesive strength between the composite layers.

FUNDAMENTAL RESONANCE AND BIFURCATION OF LARGEGENERATOR END WINDING WHEN ITSCLAMPING PLATES ARE LOOSE

Vibration problems of a segment of winding between two clamping plates are studied when the clamping plates, which are used to fix stator end winding, are loose. First, magnetic induction expressions of the winding while the generator was running were given by using separation of variables method. Also, the expressions of the winding electromagnetic force and dry friction force between loosing clamping plates were gotten. Secondly, a mechanical model, which was used to study nonlinear vibration problem of the winding,was set up. Fundamental resonance was analyzed by using multiple scales method, and a resonance equation of amplitude and frequency in steady state was given. Then stability, bifurcation and singularity of the steady solution were studied. Criterions of stability and transition set of the bifurcation equation were obtained. At last, through numerical calculations, resonance curves were obtained. The results are helpful for analysis and protection of generator accidents.

A fault warning for inter-turn short circuit of excitation winding of synchronous generator based on GRU-CNN

Synchronous generators are important components of power systems and are necessary to maintain its normal and stable operation.To perform the fault diagnosis of mild inter-turn short circuit in the excitation winding of a synchronous generator,a gate recurrent unit-convolutional neural network(GRU-CNN)model whose structural parameters were determined by improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)is proposed.The outputs of the model are the excitation current and reactive power.The total offset distance,which is the fusion of the offset distance of the excitation current and offset distance of the reactive power,was selected as the fault judgment criterion.The fusion weights of the excitation current and reactive power were determined using the anti-entropy weighting method.The fault-warning threshold and fault-warning ratio were set according to the normal total offset distance,and the fault warning time was set according to the actual situation.The fault-warning time and fault-warning ratio were used to avoid misdiagnosis.The proposed method was verified experimentally.

Overview of the Rectangular Wire Windings AC Electrical Machine

The rectangular wire winding AC electrical machine has drawn extensive attention due to their high slot fill factor,good heat dissipation,strong rigidity and short end-windings,which can be potential candidates for some traction application so as to enhance torque density,improve efficiency,decrease vibration and weaken noise,etc.In this paper,based on the complex process craft and the electromagnetic performance,a comprehensive and systematical overview on the rectangular wire windings AC electrical machine is introduced.According to the process craft,the different type of the rectangular wire windings,the different inserting direction of the rectangular wire windings and the insulation structure have been compared and analyzed.Furthermore,the detailed rectangular wire windings connection is researched and the general design guideline has been concluded.Especially,the performance of rectangular wire windings AC machine has been presented,with emphasis on the measure of improving the bigger AC copper losses at the high speed condition due to the distinguished proximity and skin effects.Finally,the future trend of the rectangular wire windings AC electrical machine is prospected.

Research on reasonable winding angle of ribbons of Flat Steel Ribbon Wound Pressure Vessel

Flat Steel Ribbon Wound Pressure Vessels (FSRWPVs) are used in many important industry areas. There is no such kind of pressure vessel exploding on operation for its reasonable structure design. Many explosion experiments on Flat Steel Ribbon Wound Pressure Vessel showed that their limited load pressure is related to the winding angle of the steel ribbons. FSRWPVs with reasonable winding angle have better security and lower cost. Reasonable angels given at the end of this paper facilitate engineering design.