Thermal-Fluid-Structure Coupling Analysis of Flexible Corrugated Cryogenic Hose

This work presents a numerical investigation of the thermal–fluid–structure coupling behavior of the liquid natural gas(LNG)transported in the flexible corrugated cryogenic hose.A three-dimensional model of the corrugated hose structure composed of multiple layers of different materials is established and coupled with turbulent LNG flow and heat transfer models in the commercial software ANSYS Workbench.The flow transport behavior,heat transfer across the hose layers,and structural response caused by the flow are analyzed.Parametric studies are performed to evaluate the impacts of inlet flow rate and thermal conductivity of insulation material on the temperature and structural stress of the corrugated hose.The study found that,compared with a regular operating condition,higher inlet flow velocities not only suppress the heat gain of the LNG but also lower the flow-induced structural stress.The insulation layer exhibits excellent performance in maintaining the temperature at the fluid–structure interface,showing little temperature change with respect to material thermal conductivity and ambient temperature.The simulation results may contribute to the research and design of the flexible corrugated cryogenic hoses and provide guidance for safer and more efficient field operations.

Electromagnetic–thermal–structural coupling analysis of the ITER edge localized mode coil with flexible supports

In a fusion reactor, the edge localized mode（ELM） coil has a mitigating effect on the ELMs of the plasma. The coil is placed close to the plasma between the vacuum vessel and the blanket to reduce its design power and improve its mitigating ability. The coil works in a high-temperature,high-nuclear-heat and high-magnetic-field environment. Due to the existence of outer superconducting coils, the coil is subjected to an alternating electromagnetic force induced by its own alternating current and the outer magnetic field. The design goal for the ELM coil is to maintain its structural integrity in the multi-physical field. Taking as an example the middle ELM coil（with flexible supports） of ITER（the International Thermonuclear Fusion Reactor）, an electromagnetic–thermal–structural coupling analysis is carried out using ANSYS. The results show that the flexible supports help the three-layer casing meet the static and fatigue design requirements. The structural design of the middle ELM coil is reasonable and feasible. The work described in this paper provides the theoretical basis and method for ELM coil design.

Thermal-Structural Coupled Analysis of ITER Torus Cryo-Pump Housing

An ITER torus cryo-pump housing （TCPH）, which encloses a torus cryo-pump, is connected to a vacuum vessel （VV） by a set of associated double bellows. There are complicated loads due to two different operating states （pumping and regeneration） and foreseeable accidents with the cryo-pump. This paper describes a thermal-structural coupled analysis of the present TCPH according to tho allowatfle stress criteria of RCC-MR, in which the worst cases and outcomes of various load combinations are obtained. Meanwhile, optimization of the structure has been carried oul, to obtain positive analysis results and an adequate safety margin.

Geometric nonlinear formulation for thermal-rigid-flexible coupling system

This paper develops geometric nonlinear hybrid formulation for flexible multibody system with large deformation considering thermal effect. Different from the conventional formulation, the heat flux is the function of the rotational angle and the elastic deformation, therefore, the coupling among the temperature, the large overall motion and the elastic deformation should be taken into account. Firstly, based on nonlinear strain-displacement relationship, varia- tional dynamic equations and heat conduction equations for a flexible beam are derived by using virtual work approach, and then, Lagrange dynamics equations and heat conduction equations of the first kind of the flexible multibody system are obtained by leading into the vectors of Lagrange multiplier associated with kinematic and temperature constraint equations. This formulation is used to simulate the thermal included hub-beam system. Comparison of the response be- tween the coupled system and the uncoupled system has re- vealed the thermal chattering phenomenon. Then, the key parameters for stability, including the moment of inertia of the central body, the incident angle, the damping ratio and the response time ratio, are analyzed. This formulation is also used to simulate a three-link system applied with heat flux. Comparison of the results obtained by the proposed formulation with those obtained by the approximate nonlinear model and the linear model shows the significance of con- sidering all the nonlinear terms in the strain in case of large deformation. At last, applicability of the approximate non- linear model and the linear model are clarified in detail.

深中通道钢壳-混凝土组合沉管浇筑变形研究

深中通道沉管管节采用钢壳-混凝土组合结构形式,通过向空钢壳浇筑混凝土预制而成。为评估沉管管节施工后的整体变形,建立了热-结构顺序耦合的分析框架,基于ANSYS APDL及UFPs二次开发模块,分别建立了考虑水化度、日照辐射、大气温度变化的精细温度场模型和考虑混凝土硬化及收缩特性的结构分析模型。通过对足尺管节的温度及应变模拟结果与监测数据的对比,验证了有限元模型的可靠性。在此基础上,分析了日照辐射、大气温度变化等对于管节温度场的影响,同时分析了管节的整体变形模式,以及温度效应、混凝土收缩及自重三种因素对管节整体横向、纵向及竖向变形的影响。结果表明:管节施工过程的温度场表现为时变和空间分布的特征,格仓边部温度受外界气温变化和日照辐射的影响存在周期性波动,而格仓中部温度峰值主要受混凝土自身水化放热特性的控制;管节最终表现为顶板横向及纵向内收,竖向下挠,底板横向及竖向变形不显著;太阳辐射对于结构温度场影响较日气温变化更显著,建议在混凝土温度峰值预测中予以考虑,而日气温变化可采用日平均气温值予以简化;温度效应及材料收缩对管节横向及纵向整体变形影响显著,自重因素导致的变形在横向及纵向的比例为44.3%、11.7%,而在竖向所占比例达92.5%,因而温度效应及材料收缩在管节横向及纵向变形分析中不可忽视;该分析方法可适用于大体积混凝土等结构的温度效应的预测和评估。

7FDL-16柴油机气缸盖热结构耦合应力分析

通过CATIA软件进行三维建模,利用Space Claim模块提取流体域,在Fluent模块设置流体边界条件并仿真流动,先后导入Ansys Workbench稳态热和静应力分析模块,设置热边界条件和应力载荷,得到气缸盖的温度场以及热结构耦合应力分布云图。热结构耦合应力分析可得:热应变最大处在火力面鼻梁区,最大变形量为0.002 1 mm,应力最大处在两排气门之间的鼻梁区,最大应力值为398 MPa,安全系数为2.71,满足实际结构工作的要求标准。

π-π Stacking, Hydrogen Bonding and Magnetic Coupling Mechanism on a Mono-nuclear Cu^Ⅱ Complex

A new mono-nuclear CuII complex [Cu（DPP）（DP）Br]（ClO4）H2O （DPP = 2-（3,5- dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl）-1,10-phenanthroline, DP = 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole） has been syn- thesized with 2-（3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl）-1,10-phenanthroline and 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole as ligands, and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. The crystal is of monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 13.765（2）, b = 17.044（3）, c = 10.9044（16）, β= 97.112（2）°, V = 2538.5（6）3, Z = 4, C22H24BrClCuN6O5, Mr = 631.37, Dc = 1.652 g/cm3, F（000） = 1276 and μ= 2.585 mm-1. In the crystal, DPP functions as a tridentate ligand and CuII ions assume a distorted square pyramidal geometry with Br atom lying on the apex, and at the same time, there is π-π stacking between adjacent complexes, which deals with two 1,10-phenanthroline plane rings. In addition to the π-π stacking, there are C-H···Br non-classic hydrogen bonds between adjacent complexes. The theoretical calculations reveal that the π-π stacking and C-H···Br non-classic hydrogen bond result in a weak anti-ferromagnetic interaction with 2J = -5.34 cm-1 and a weak ferromagnetic 2J = 5.92 cm-1, respectively. The magnetic coupling sign from the π-π stacking could be explained with McConnell I spin-polarization mechanism.

基于电磁-流热双向耦合的变压器绕组温升计算及结构参数优化

变压器温升是影响其运行状态和使用寿命的关键因素。为了更准确地得到油浸式变压器绕组区域的温度场分布,采用有限元法对绕组的电磁-流热耦合过程进行了数值研究。根据电磁场及流体-温度场分布的特点,建立了变压器及绕组区域的计算模型。基于异构网格节点数据映射方法,将电磁场分析得到的绕组非平均损耗作为热源边界条件加载到流体-温度场计算网格中,并根据每次迭代时的温度对该热源进行修正,实现电磁-流热的双向耦合。在此基础上,建立热点温度与绕组结构参数之间的响应面,开展了对绕组热点温度及导体材料用量最小化的多目标优化研究。采用非支配排序遗传算法(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm,NSGA-Ⅱ)获得了Pareto最优解,并对Pareto前沿面上的4种优化方案进行了分析。结果表明,优化后的绕组热点温度及导体用量明显降低。该文研究为变压器结构的优化设计提供了一种可行方法。

A New Nickel(Ⅱ) Coordination Compound Constructed by Pyridyl-triazole and Oxybis(Benzoic Acid): Synthesis,Crystal Structure and the Effect on the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

A new energetic complex, Ni（3,4＇-Hbpt）2（Hoba）2（H20）2 （3,4＇-Hbpt = 3-（3-pyridyl）- 5-（4＇-pyridyl）-l-H-l,2,4-triazole and H2oba = 4,4＇-oxybis（benzoic acid））, has been synthesized by hydrothermal reaction and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses and X-ray powder diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the complex belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P2j/c with a = 10.2357（9）, b = 24.594（2）, c = 10.4225（9）/k, β = 114.0110（10）°, V = 2396.7（4） A3, Dc = 1.460 g/cm3,μ = 0.482 mm-1, Mr = 1053.63, F（000） = 1088, Z = 2, the final R = 0.0358 and wR = 0.0973 with I 〉 2σ（I）. Both 3,4＇-Hbpt and H2oba ligands adopt monodentate modes linking one Ni（II） ion to form a 0D motif. Furthermore, the 0D motifs are linked into a 3D supramolecular architecture with hydrogen bonds. In addition, the catalytic performance for thermal decomposition of the efficacy of ammonium perchlorate （AP） is explored by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, which indicates that the complex is a good candidate for a promoter of the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate.

对流-导热耦合作用下保温层对寒区水工隧洞衬砌结构力学特性的影响

以新疆布伦口水电站引水隧洞为例,考虑对流-导热作用,通过现场监测成果和有限元仿真计算,分析引水隧洞在不同位置铺设不同厚度的保温层对衬砌结构热-力耦合特性的影响。结果表明,表面铺设时,保温层厚度与衬砌的冻胀力呈负相关,且当厚度在0.06 m以上时,二次衬砌的冻胀力变为压应力;保温层厚度与衬砌的横向位移呈正相关,与纵向位移呈负相关。夹层铺设时,保温层厚度与二次衬砌的冻胀力呈正相关,与一次衬砌的冻胀力呈负相关;随着保温层厚度的增加,二次衬砌的最大主应力变为拉应力,不利于二次衬砌的安全稳定;随着保温层厚度的增加,一次、二次衬砌的横向位移差值增大近4倍,纵向位移差值增大10倍以上。

基于流-固耦合的后处理系统热管理仿真分析

基于流-固耦合仿真方法,采用流体仿真软件STAR-CCM+建立卡车的整车三维辐射模型,仿真分析高速(车速为60 km/h)和驻车2种工况下后处理系统的流场和温度场,并开展后处理系统的热管理。结果表明:由于车速影响,传热损失增加,后处理系统的温度无法满足工作要求;在后处理系统增加保温层后,后处理系统固体壁面温度大幅提升,固体壁面最低温度在高速工况提高了58.83℃,驻车工况下提高了58.50℃;保温效果随着保温层厚度的增加而增加,但保温效果的提高幅度随保温层厚度的增加而减小。

π-π Stacking and Magnetic Coupling Mechanism on a Mono-nuclear Mn(Ⅱ) Complex

A new mono-nuclear Mn（Ⅱ） complex [Mn（MPT）2（NCS）（HOCH3）]ClO4（MPT = 2-methoxyl-1,10-phenanthroline） has been synthesized with 2-methoxyl-1,10-phenanthroline and thiocyanate anion as ligands,and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray crystallography.The crystal data：monoclinic system,space group P21/c with a = 12.8849（17）,b = 15.684（2）,c = 14.2703（19） ,β = 92.126（2）°,V = 2881.9（7） 3,Z = 4,C28H24ClMnN5O7S,Mr = 664.97,Dc = 1.533 g/cm3,F（000） = 1364 and μ = 0.679 mm-1.In the crystal,MPT functions as a bidentate ligand and Mn（Ⅱ） ion assumes a distorted octahedral geometry.In the crystal there are two types of π-π stacking interactions among the adjacent complexes,which involves 1,10-phenanthroline rings.The theoretical calculations reveal that the two types of π-π stacking resulted in a weak anti-ferromagnetic coupling with 2J =-14.68 cm-1 and a weak ferromagnetic coupling with 2J = 0.70 cm-1,respectively.The theoretical calculations also reveal that there are both spin polarization and spin delocalization in the two π-π stacking systems,and the magnetic coupling signs are unable to explain with McConnell I spin-polarization mechanism.

高速列车盘形制动器热-结构耦合方法研究

盘形制动器热负荷计算是高速列车制动盘研发设计的关键环节,其计算结果是列车运行参数配置的依据。开发合适的计算方法建立计算精度高、工况适用性广的热-结构耦合计算模型是盘形制动器热负荷计算的关键问题。针对动车组用轴装制动盘制动过程,充分考虑制动闸片和制动盘的几何特性、运动特性和载荷工况,提出位移梯度循环法,基于ABAQUS软件建立盘形制动器摩擦副三维瞬态传热有限元模型,运用位移梯度循环法推导出热流加载式,用以计算制动过程中产生的摩擦热流,解决摩擦作用沿制动盘周向差异造成的耦合结果偏差。运用位移梯度循环法对制动盘进行热-结构耦合分析,并将仿真结果与试验数据、现场调研成果进行对比,通过仿真与试验结果的峰值温度误差率、相关性系数等统计学指标及现场调研观测结果评定该模型的计算精度及工况适用性。研究结果表明:基于位移梯度循环法的热-结构耦合模型可有效模拟制动盘在制动过程中温度变化规律且具有良好的重复性与稳定性,结构场分析出的制动盘热裂纹失效易发位置与该型号制动盘装车运用情况相符。研究成果可有效模拟高速列车在制动时制动盘的热-结构耦合过程,尤其在大轴重下的持续制动或间隔制动工况下,制动时间越长,计算精度越高。

基于流-热-固耦合分析的数值模拟及结构优化

为解决等径T型管路应力过大问题,提出一种基于流-热-固耦合分析方法的优化方法对等径T型管结构进行优化。首先,基于流、固力学理论建立T型管多场耦合的数学模型和物理模型,对T型管内流体的速度温度变化情况和管路的等效应力的分布情况进行仿真模拟,在仿真结果的基础上对管路进行结构优化。仿真结果表明:冷热流体的压力差会导致流体产生逆流现象,从而导致管路的上游区等效应力值增大。等径T型管的最大等效应力值出现在主支管交汇的下游内壁面处。优化后管路内壁面最大等效应力值下降约14%,可以有效地延长管路的使用寿命。该方法对提高气体管路设计的可靠性具有一定的实践意义。

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Thermal Behavior of 4,5-Dimethoxy-2-(dinitromethylene)imidazolidine

A new energetic material,4,5-dimethoxy-2-（dinitromethylene）imidazolidine（DMDNI）,was synthesized by the reaction of 4,5-dihydroxyl-2-（dinitromethylene）-imidazolidine（DDNI） and methanol,and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction.DMDNI crystallized in triclinic space group P1,with crystal data a=0.4324（4） nm,b=1.3599（11） nm,c=1.7503（14） nm,α=77.406（14）°,β=84.494（15）°,γ=87.976（14）°,V=0.9997（14） nm 3,Z=4,μ=0.140 mm-1,F（000）=488,D c =1.556 g/cm ^3,R 1 =0.0773 and wR 2 =0.1574.Thermal decomposition of DMDNI was studied,and its thermal decomposition process was divided into two stages.The first stage was a melting process and the second stage was an exothermic decomposition process.The enthalpy,apparent activation energy and pre-exponential constant of the exothermic decomposition reaction are-491.5 J/g,142.3 kJ/mol and 10 14.24 s^-1,respectively.The critical temperature of thermal explosion is 162.47 °C.DMDNI has a lower thermal stability than DDNI but it is close to that of 4,5-diacetoxyl-2-（dinitromethylene）-imidazolidine（DADNI）.

基于ANSYS的电力耐张线夹监测装置热-结构耦合有限元分析

耐张线夹是架空输电线路的重要组成部件之一,其损坏导致电力系统安全运行成本的增加,因此需要大量相关监测装置。设计了一款耐张线夹监测装置,用于耐张线夹运行状况的监测。利用ANSYS对装置进行环境载荷下的热-结构耦合的有限元分析,记录监测装置在不同安装接触情况下各部位的应力和变形,所得结果表明面接触安装方式优于点接触和线接触。选取面接触安装方式与NY400型耐张线夹三维模型完成装配,进行引流板接触位置180℃情况下的瞬态热有限元分析,获取监测装置对引流板接触位置温度变化的响应情况。

热-水-力作用下圆孔花岗岩的动态损伤特征及结构模型

基于深层地热能开采时储能区井筒围岩所处的工程环境,采用高温加热、不同温度水浸泡、加热-循环次数及径向冲击加载的方法模拟井筒围岩经历的高温、遇水、循环采热及热冲击等造成的动力扰动等物理力学条件。同时,以不同内孔直径的同心圆孔岩样模拟深层地热井,采用分离式霍普金森压杆试验系统开展热-水-力作用下圆孔花岗岩的动态力学试验,并结合VIC-3D非接触应变测量及数值模拟分析技术监测冲击过程中圆孔岩样裂隙萌发、形成的历程和表面应变演化的规律,揭示热-水-力作用下圆孔岩样的动态损伤破坏机制。研究结果表明:径向冲击荷载作用下圆孔花岗岩先后经历弹性变形、塑性变形、结构失稳破坏3个典型阶段;内孔直径、加热温度、浸水温度、加热-浸水循环次数4因素都弱化了圆孔花岗岩抗外界荷载的能力,但未改变其整体的变形演化规律;圆孔花岗岩的破坏模式是动态拉伸破坏,先沿冲击方向由内孔壁向岩样外壁,再垂直冲击方向由岩样外壁向内孔壁萌发、贯通裂纹,形成近垂直的两组破裂面。最后,基于圆孔花岗岩的损伤变形特征及历程,在一定假设基础上,建立动态损伤结构模型,推演了结构方程,并结合试验结果确定了方程参数,通过对比分析发现,理论拟合曲线与试验曲线具有较好的一致性,验证构建的圆孔花岗岩动态损伤结构模型是合理的。研究成果不仅揭示了圆孔结构岩样的损伤破坏机制,也可为预测深部储能区地热井筒围岩损伤变形规律提供理论参考,具有一定的科学和工程实践意义。

CSNS-Ⅱ靶站质子束窗结构设计与优化分析

中国散裂中子源(CSNS)靶站质子束窗位于环到靶站输运线(RTBT)与靶站交接面,起到隔离加速器高真空和靶站氦气环境的作用。随着束流功率提高,目前质子束窗单层膜结构形式已无法满足CSNS-Ⅱ500 kW的高功率需求,因此开展CSNS-Ⅱ质子束窗研制,设计出双层膜中间通水的冷却结构,完成质子束窗双层膜的薄膜半径、薄膜厚度、水冷槽长度与宽度、对流换热系数等各参数对质子束窗温升与热应力的影响分析。通过冷却水需求分析得出,冷却水流速需大于15 L/min。通过质子束窗主体的流固耦合分析,消除箱体内部死水区域。最终优化后质子束窗薄膜位置最高温度47.8℃,薄膜位置最高热应力30.758 MPa。通过FLUKA软件对质子束窗材料的辐照损伤性能进行分析,在每年5000 h工作时长、500 kW高功率束流的辐照下,辐照损伤DPA计算值为1.285 DPA,质子束窗的安全使用寿命在7年以上。

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Properties of a New Zn(II) Coordination Polymer Constructed from 2,3-Pyridine Dicarboxylic Acid and 1,1′-(1,4-Butanediyl)bis(imidazole)

A new coordination polymer, namely [Zn（pdc）（bbi）]n {H2 pdc = 2,3-pyridine dicar- boxylic acid, bbi = 1,1-（1,4-butanediyl）bis（imidazole）}, has been prepared under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21 /n with a = 8.436（3）, b = 16.988（5）, c = 12.106（4）, β = 92.204（5）°, V = 1733.6（9）3, Z = 4, C17 H17 N5 O4 Zn, Mr = 420.73, Dc = 1.612 g/cm3, F（000） = 864, μ（MoKa） = 0.452 mm-1, the R = 0.0672 and wR = 0.1645. In the mononuclear complex, each Zn（II） is five-coordinated by one carboxylate O and one pyridyl N atoms from one pdc anion, one carboxylate O atom from another pdc anion, and two N atoms from two bib ligands. The Zn（II） ions are connected by pdc ligands to form skeleton chains, and bbi ligands further link them to construct a 2D framework. The thermal and luminescence properties of the complex were also investigated.

对流-导热作用下寒区水工隧洞衬砌热力耦合分析

寒区水工隧洞在通风条件下产生的温度变化会影响衬砌结构力学性能,进而影响水工隧洞的安全运行。以新疆布伦口水电站水工隧洞为依托,基于现场监测数据,采用有限元法对在不同风温、风速下隧洞不同深度处衬砌结构的热学、力学耦合特性进行深入分析。结果表明:不同风温下水工隧洞洞口衬砌温度低于洞内衬砌温度,洞口衬砌温度变化幅度大于洞内衬砌温度变化幅度;随着通风时间增加,一次衬砌与二次衬砌压应力均先减小后增大,最大压应力均位于拱腰处;不同风速下一次衬砌与二次衬砌最大温差为8.40℃,沿水工隧洞轴向与径向距离的增加,温度逐渐升高,风速、风温影响逐渐减小,最大温度拉应力位于拱腰,一次衬砌为0.12 MPa,二次衬砌为0.32 MPa;在不同风温和不同风速下,一次衬砌与二次衬砌位移均呈水平收缩、竖直隆起趋势。研究成果可为寒区水工隧洞衬砌优化设计提供理论参考。