Some Technical Solutions for Environmental Protection System during Accidents at Nuclear Power Plants

The paper reports some technical solutions, which suggested or used for increasing of environmental protection during accidents at NPPs. For NNPs with two protective shells and pressure release system such as WWER-1000 a comprehensive, passive-mode environmental protection system of decontamination of the radioactive steam-air mixture from the containment and the intercontainment area was suggested. This system includes the “wet” stage (scrubbers, etc.), the “dry” stage (sorption module), and also an ejector, which in a passive mode is capable of solving the multi-purpose task of decontamination of the air-steam mixture. For WWER-440/230 NPPs three protection levels: 1) a jet-vortex condenser;2) the spray system;3) a sorption module were suggested and installed. For modern designs of new generation NPPs, which do not provide for pressure release systems, a new passive filtering system together with the passive heat-removal system, which can be used during severe accidents in case all power supply units become unavailable, was proposed and after modernization was installed at the KudanKulam NPP (India).

Increasing the Efficiency and Level of Environmental Safety of Pro-Environmental City Heat Supply Technologies by Low Power Nuclear Plants

In connection with the current prospect of decarbonization of coal energy through the use of small nuclear power plants (SNPPs) at existing TPPs as heat sources for heat supply to municipal heating networks, there is a technological need to improve heat supply schemes to increase their environmental friendliness and efficiency. The paper proves the feasibility of using the heat-feeding mode of ASHPs for urban heat supply by heating the network water with steam taken from the turbine. The ratio of electric and thermal power of a “nuclear” combined heat and power plant is given. The advantage of using a heat pump, which provides twice as much electrical power with the same heat output, is established. Taking into account that heat in these modes is supplied with different potential, the energy efficiency was used to compare these options. To increase the heat supply capacity, a scheme with the use of a high-pressure heater in the backpressure mode and with the heating of network water with hot steam was proposed. Heat supply from ASHPs is efficient and environmentally friendly even in the case of significant remoteness of heat consumers.

Measuring Environmental Performance of Provincial Thermal Power Plants in China:A Malmquist DEA Approach with Fixed-Sum Undesirable Outputs

With the development of China’s economy,environmental pollution has become cumulatively serious.The primary source of environmental pollution is thermal power generation,which has attracted the attention of governments and academia in recent years.To effectively reduce environmental pollution,research should study how to constrain the undesirable output of thermal power plants,that is,to limit the total undesirable output of the plants to a certain fixed sum.However,few studies have suggested that these undesirable outputs should be fixed-sum outputs.Moreover,no previous research publication about thermal power plants has analyzed their environmental performance changes.To address these gaps,a novel Malmquist-DEA approach is proposed for evaluate the environmental performance of thermal power plants in this paper.This approach generalizes the equilibrium efficient frontier DEA model with fixed-sum undesirable outputs and incorporates the model into the Malmquist productivity index(MPI).The authors apply this approach to the analysis of provincial thermal power plant environmental performance in China and analyze such plants’trends based on panel data from2011 to 2014.The empirical research shows that the environmental performance of regional thermal power plants was positively affected by efficiency change and negatively affected by technical change.Finally,the authors provide policy suggestions based on our findings.

Medium-term and Long-term Environmental Economic Policies on Thermal Power Industry in China Seen from the New Environment Protection Law

In the newly revised Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China that has been implemented since January 1,2015,there is a lot of emphasis on environmental economic policies. In this paper,according to the current situation of environmental pollution and protection in thermal power industry,it is proposed that based on the new environmental protection law,it is needed to study various environmental economic policies on thermal power industry and analyze the effects on environmental cost of thermal power enterprises at the macro level. At the micro level,it is necessary to control environmental cost of thermal power enterprises effectively,and establish a suitable environmental management system for environmental economic policies including environmental cost accounting and trading of emission rights,thereby improving environmental management level of thermal power enterprises.

Environmental Challenges to Thermal Power Construction

Environmental protection challenges thermal power construction from respects of the reform of investment system, main industrial policies and plant site selection in China. Pollution control of thermal power plants is analyzed from the angles of increasingly stringent laws, regulations and standards as well as approval procedures of thermal power projects. The paper points out emphatically that the plant site selection of a thermal power project must satisfy various requirements of rules and regulations, development programme and environmental ftmctions, etc. Different criteria of dust, SO2, NOx and other pollutants control are enumerated speeially.

Electron Beam Desulfurization Project of Chengdu Cogeneration Power Plant Started Construction - A new cooperation in environment protection between China and Japan

On March 25 1996, the electron beam flue gas desulfurization demonstration project of Chengdu Cogeneration Power Plant started formal construction This is at present the largest electron beam desulfurization project in power plants in the world, and is jointly constructed by Sichuan Electric Power Bureau and the EBARA Works of Japan, This is an important cooperation project in environment protection between

Consideration of Environmental Effect of Power Generation: Bangladesh Perspective

Nowadays for power generation, environment is a major consideration. The heart of power generation is power station. At present there are almost above 40(Both Government & Rental) power station in Bangladesh. Among these 80% of power station is gas based. Rest of the 20% is coal, liquid and furnace oil based. Bangladesh has only one Hydraulic power station. These gas and coal based power stations are giving adverse effect in Bangladesh. The main emissions from coal combustion at thermal power plants are carbon dioxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO), sulfur oxides (SO), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and air- borne inorganic particles such as fly ash, soot, and other trace gas species. Carbon dioxide, methane, and chlorofluorocarbons are greenhouse gases. These emissions are considered to be responsible for heating up the atmosphere, producing a harmful global environment. It is known to all that hydro power station is a clean source of energy, but it has also some ecological and environmental effect. Dhaka is one of the top polluted city in the world. So for power generation if the environmental effect is not considered then Bangladesh will be in great trouble. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the present and future possible environmental effect of power generation in Bangladesh.

On the Development of China's Thermal Power in the 21st Century while Saving the Energy and Protecting the Environment

In light of China s Ninth Five-year Plan (1996-2000) for Electric Power Industry & the Long Term Targets by the Year 2010, the paper considers the strategy for developing China’s thermal power in the 21st century shall be the efficiency and cleaning technology of coal use. Especially important is the structure of power sources and configuration of technology process, and secondly the implementation of energy saving and environmental protection ideology in the various stages of thermal power construction and design work.

燃烧热测定实验的课程思政设计——农林废弃物的热值测定

燃烧热测定是一个经典的物理化学实验。本案例将燃烧热测定与农林废弃物燃烧发电对接,对实验内容进行了适当调整,让学生了解燃烧热测定对保障发电厂安全运行的重要意义,以及农林废弃物燃烧发电对服务“三农”、乡村振兴和“双碳”战略的重要意义,提高了学生学以致用的能力,激发了学生的学习兴趣,引导学生关心国家能源安全、环境保护、可持续发展和人民的生命健康,对提升学生的能力和素质发挥了良好作用。

火电机组环保岛排放指标协同智能优化技术的研究与应用

燃煤电厂超低排放环保岛的主要排放指标是NO_(x)、SO_(2)和烟尘,这三个指标虽然有独立的脱除设备,但是互相存在着协同脱除作用。基于电厂历史运行大数据和人工智能算法,可以建立在不同机组负荷、煤质(低位热值、灰分、水分、硫分)工况条件下,以NO_(x)、SO_(2)和烟尘排放达标为前提的,环保岛整体经济性最优化标杆工况库,基于此标杆库对环保岛的实时运行进行指导,可以减少环保岛的运行成本。研究成果在某350 MW燃煤发电机组的实际生产应用结果表明,协同智能优化后的环保岛脱硝、脱硫、除尘装置相比优化前,可分别节约运行成本7%、12%和30%。

电厂热控系统中热控保护装置故障研究

热控保护装置是电厂热控系统的重要组成部分,在多重因素的影响下,可能出现误动或拒动、软件程序故障等问题,严重影响电厂的安全、稳定运行。基于此,针对热控保护装置的常见故障,分析故障原因并提出具体的处理措施。此外,为确保热控保护装置性能稳定,还提出了定期检测维修、完善故障报警系统等保护措施,以期为相关从业人员提供借鉴与参考。

火电厂节能环保现状及其技术改造研究

以A、B两个火电厂二氧化碳排放总量管控工作为例,介绍火电厂在运行过程中的节能环保现状,并对火电厂应用的节能环保改造技术进行分析,以期通过优化火力发电技术的方式,确保火电厂运营管理,为“双碳”目标实现提供助力。

热电厂烟气脱硫系统的应用及问题分析

文章首先针对热电厂烟气脱硫系统的工作原理、应用效果以及存在的问题和挑战进行了深入研究和分析;其次介绍了热电厂烟气脱硫系统的背景和意义,探讨了其工作原理和主要脱硫方法,以及系统的基本组成和应用情况;再次分析了脱硫系统存在的问题和挑战,包括技术难题、能源消耗与成本问题、废弃物处理与资源利用以及运行与维护管理挑战等方面;最后提出了技术创新与改进方向、可持续发展策略以及未来发展趋势与前景展望。通过文章的研究和分析,可以为热电厂烟气脱硫系统的优化设计、运行管理和技术创新提供参考和指导。

脱硫吸收塔除雾器喷淋优化

吸收塔除雾器是脱硫系统重要部件。除雾器的功能是把在喷雾吸收过程中,烟气夹带的雾粒、浆液滴捕集下来。除雾器的效率不仅与它自身的结构有关而且与雾粒的重度和粒径有关,喷嘴雾化粒径与吸收液黏度、喷雾爪力和喷嘴结构有关。把除雾器性能和雾粒直径配好,才能取得好的除雾效果。本研究从除雾器喷淋控制方面进行了讨论,结合实例,提升除雾器效率,减少设备结垢和堵塞风险,优化除雾器用水量以及在配置控制系统时的选择提供了一些建议。

某火电厂集控室消防细水雾抑制火灾模拟分析

以某火电厂建设工程集控室消防系统设计为例,利用PyroSim火灾模拟软件建立试验模型,模拟研究在不同压力和角度下细水雾对T^(2)模式自由火的抑制过程,对比分析细水雾在喷头角度为45°、60°、90°和喷头压力为1 MPa、2 MPa、5 MPa时的火焰温度变化曲线,模拟空间内的CO、O_(2)浓度变化、灭火时间和灭火用水量等情况。结果表明:灭火过程可以分为喷雾初期的抑制阶段、火焰强化膨胀阶段和细水雾再次抑制阶段3个阶段;水雾压力越大,灭火效果越明显;喷射角度为90°的细水雾灭火过程中火焰温度变化平稳,适合作为集控室的自动灭火喷头参数;垂直布设的中压细水雾具有更好的实用价值。

火电厂化学废水处理及环境保护探究

本文深入探讨了火电厂化学废水处理和环境保护实践。首先概述了化学废水的来源和量化处理,探讨了与处理相关的挑战,包括化学污染物的特征及其对环境的影响。之后,重点介绍了废水处理技术方法,包括前期处理技术和深度处理工艺。此外,还强调了遵守法规、采用先进技术以及实施监测和报告机制的重要性,这些都是在火电厂运行中保护环境的有效措施。

火电厂锅炉汽轮机节能环保对策研究

火电厂锅炉汽轮机系统不仅是能源转化和传递的关键环节,也是能源损失和环境排放的主要来源。因此,火电厂作为主要的能源供应者,需采取有效的措施来实现节能环保。文章通过对火电厂锅炉汽轮机系统进行分析,提出了一些针对性的节能环保对策,以促进火电厂的可持续发展。

火电厂锅炉汽轮机系统节能环保的问题及策略分析

在我国经济快速发展背景下,社会建设发展理念也正在不断转变,其中可持续发展理念已经成为我国社会建设的重要理念和战略。在可持续发展理念下,火电厂及其相关设备需要完成节能环保管理,基于此,本文以火电厂锅炉汽轮机系统为研究对象,探讨汽轮机系统节能环保必要性,火电厂锅炉汽轮机节能环保的问题,最后结合案例探讨汽轮机节能环保的优化策略。

火电厂锅炉汽轮机节能环保问题及措施

随着全球能源需求的不断增长和环保意识的增强,火电厂锅炉汽轮机的节能环保问题受到广泛关注。火电厂作为主要的电力供应来源之一,其能源利用率和污染物排放对环境的影响重大。文章探讨了火电厂锅炉汽轮机节能环保的主要问题,分析了现有的技术和管理措施,提出了进一步改进策略,旨在为火电厂的管理提供参考,推动火电厂向更高效、更环保的方向发展。