Thermal Performance Analysis of Plaster Reinforced with Raffia Vinifera Particles for Use as Insulating Materials in Building

The present study focuses on the formulation of new composite consisting of plaster and raffia vinifera particle (RVP) with the purpose to reducing energy consumption. The aim of this study is to test this new compound as an insulating eco-material in building in a tropical climate. The composites samples were developed by mixing plaster with raffia vinifera particles (RVP) using three different sizes (1.6 mm, 2.5 mm and 4 mm). The effects of four different RVP incorporations rates (i.e., 0wt%, 5wt%;10wt%;15wt%) on physical, thermal, mechanicals properties of the composites were investigated. In addition, the use of the raffia vinifera particles and plaster based composite material as building envelopes thermal insulation material is studied by the habitable cell thermal behavior instrumentation. The results indicate that the incorporation of raffia vinifera particle leads to improve the new composite physical, mechanical and thermal properties. And the parametric analysis reveals that the sampling rate and the size of raffia vinifera particles are the most decisive factor to impact these properties, and to decreases in the thermal conductivity which leads to an improvement to the thermal resistance and energy savings. The best improvement of plaster composite was obtained at the raffia vinifera particles size between 2.5 and 4.0 mm loading of 5wt% (C95P5R) with a good ratio of thermo-physical-mechanical properties. Additionally, the habitable cell experimental thermal behavior, with the new raffia vinifera particles and plaster-based composite as thermal insulating material for building walls, gives an average damping of 4°C and 5.8°C in the insulated house interior environment respectively for cold and hot cases compared to the outside environment and the uninsulated house interior environment. The current study highlights that this mixture gives the new composite thermal insulation properties applicable in the eco-construction of habitats in tropical environments.

Thermal fatigue behaviors of SiC power module by Ag sinter joining under harsh thermal shock test

The excellent properties of SiC bring new challenges for the device packaging.In this study,the bonding strength,fracture behaviors and microstructural evolution of micron-porous Ag joint were elevated during thermal cycling(–50 ℃–250 ℃) in SiC/DBC(direct bonding copper) die attachment structure for different time.During harsh thermal shock test,the strength of sintered joint deceased gradually with the increase of cycling number,and the value just was half of the value of as-sintered after 1 000 cycles.Coarsening of Ag grains was observed in micron-porous joint with the structure inhomogeneity and defects increasing,which were the reasons of the strength decease.In addition,it was also found that the fracture behavior of sintered joints was changed from ductile deformation of Ag grain to brittle fracture of crack propagation after 1 000 cycles.This study will add the understanding in the mechanical properties of Ag sinter joining and its applications at high temperature.

Numerical simulation based on two-directional freeze and thaw algorithm for thermal diffusion model

Freeze-thaw processes significantly modulate hydraulic and thermal char- acteristics of soil. The changes in the frost and thaw fronts （FTFs） affect the water and energy cycles between the land surface and the atmosphere. Thus, the frozen soil com- prising permafrost and seasonally frozen soil has important effects on the land surface hydrology in cold regions. In this study, a two-directional freeze and thaw algorithm is incorporated into a thermal diffusion equation for simulating FTFs. A local adaptive variable-grid method is used to discretize the model. Sensitivity tests demonstrate that the method is stable and FTFs can be tracked continuously. The FTFs and soil tempera- ture at the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau D66 site are simulated hourly from September 1, 1997 to September 22, 1998. The results show that the incorporated model performs much better in the soil temperature simulation than the original thermal diffusion equation, showing potential applications of the method in land-surface process modeling.

Characterization of Failure Mechanisms of Duplex and Graded Thermal Barrier Coatings Exposed to Thermal Shock Test

The beginning of failure of a (ZrO2-7%Y2O3)/(Ni-22%Co-17%Cr-12.5%Al-0.6%Y) duplex andgraded coating systems on lnconel 617 and IN738LC in burner rig tests has been characterized.The test conditions are 40 s heating up to 75O℃ substrate temperature followed by 80 s aircooling. Failure is considered at the appearance of the first bright spot during heating period.Stresses due to thermal expansion mismatch strains on cooling are the probable cause of life-limiting in this conditions of testing.

A Study of Estimating the Safe Storage Life, Self-accelerating Decomposition Temperature and Critical Temperature of Thermal Explosion of Double-base Propellant Using Isothermal and Non-isothermal Decomposition Behaviours

A method of estimating the safe storage life （τ）, self-accelerating decomposition temperature （TsADT） and critical temperature of thermal explosion （Tb） of double-base propellant using isothermal and non-isothermal decomposition behaviours is presented. For double-base propellant composed of 56±1wt% of nitrocellulose （NC）, 27±0.5wt% of nitroglycerine （NG）, 8.15±0.15wt% of dinitrotoluene （DNT）, 2.5±0.1wt% of methyl centralite, 5.0±0.15wt% of catalyst and 1.0±0.1wt% of other, the values of r of 49.4 years at 40℃, of TSAOT of 151.35℃ and of Tb of 163.01℃ were obtained.

Non-standard tests for process control in chemically bonded sands

Chemically bonded sand cores and molds are more commonly referred to as precision sand systems in the high production automotive powertrain sector. Their behavior in contact with molten metal can lead to casting defects. Consequently, the interaction is of great interest and an important part of metal casting technology. The American Foundry Society(AFS) sand testing is based on physical, mechanical, thermal and chemical properties of the sand system. Foundry engineers have long known that certain AFS sand tests provide limited information regarding control of molding and casting quality. The inadequacy is due to the fact that sand casting processes are inherently thermo-mechanical, thermo-chemical and thermo-physical. Non-standard foundry sand testing has proven useful for laboratory measurement of these characteristics in foundry sand using a disc-shaped specimen. Similarly, the equivalent disc-shaped specimens are used for casting trials. In order to accomplish near-net-shape casting with minimal defects, it is necessary to understand both the properties of the sand system, as well as the interface of molten metal when different binders, additives and/or refractory coatings are used. The methodology for the following non-standard chemically bonded sand tests is described:(1) disc transverse;(2) impact;(3) modified permeability;(4) abrasion;(5) thermal distortion;(6) quick loss on ignition. The data related to the non-standard sand tests were analyzed and interpreted. The test results indicate that there is relatively lower test-to-test variability with the disc-shaped specimens. The non-standard tests were able to discriminate between the chemically bonded polyurethane cold box sand specimens. Further studies should be conducted on various other sand and binder systems as well as on different specimen thicknesses.

Experimental Investigation of Loop Heat Pipe with Two Evaporators/Two Condensers under Thermal Vacuum Condition

Multiple loop heat pipe is a high-functional thermal transport device. This work was conducted to confirm the working performance of Multiple loop heat pipe under thermal vacuum ambience with the working fluid ammonia. Asmall multiple loop heat pipe with two evaporators and two ra- diators was designed and fabricated. Then thermal vacuum test was conducted. The heaters were fasten on both evaporators, both radiators, both compensation chambers. In the case that both evaporators were heated, the multiple loop heat pipe can transport 120/120 W for 1.5 m, in the case that only one evaporator was heated, evaporator 1 can transport 80 W for 1.5 m, while eva- porator 2 can transport 120 W for 1.5 m. Two flow regulators were installed near the confluence of liquid line to prevent uncondensed vapor penetrating into returning liquid when the tempera- ture difference exists between two radiators. In the case that the heat load at both evaporators were 40/40 W and one radiator was heated, the flow regulator1 can tolerate the 160 W of heat load which was supplied to radiator1 while the flow regulator2 can tolerate the 100 W of heat load which was supplied to radiator2. To demonstrate the multiple loop heat pipe’s startup behavior at lowheat load, each of the compensation chamber was preheated to change the initial distribution of liquid and vapor in the evaporator and compensation chamber, in the result, each evaporator can start up at 5W through preheating.

Chang'e 5 Undergoing Thermal Test

Chang’e 5 probe has entered its critical phase of AIT.Units,except the lander,are undergoing thermal test.The flight model of Chang’e 5 is composed of an orbiter,a return capsule,a lander and an ascent unit.The thermal tests on the ascent unit,the lander-as-

DAMAGE OF A HIGH-ENERGY SOLID PROPELLANT AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMBUSTION

In order to improve the safety of high-energy solid propellants, a study is carried out for the effects of damage on the combustion of the NEPE (Nitrate Ester Plasticized Polyether) propellant. The study includes: (1) to introduce damage into the propellants by means of a large-scale drop-weight apparatus; (2) to observe microstructural variations of the propellant with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and then to characterize the damage with density measurements; (3) to investigate thermal decomposition; (4) to carry out closed-bomb tests. The NEPE propellant can be considered as a viscoelastic material. The matrices of damaged samples axe severely degraded, but the particles are not. The results of the thermal decomposition and closed-bomb tests show that the microstructural damage in the propellant affects its decomposition and burn rate.

Temperature-controlled triaxial compression/creep test device for thermodynamic properties of soft sedimentary rock and corresponding theoretical prediction

In deep geological disposal of high-level nuclear waste,one of the most important subjects is to estimate long-term stability and strength of host rock under high temperature conditions caused by radioactive decay of the waste.In this paper,some experimental researches on the thermo-mechanical characteristics of soft sedimentary rock have been presented.For this reason,a new temperature-controlled triaxial compression and creep test device,operated automatically by a computer-controlled system,whose control software has been developed by the authors,was developed to conduct the thermo-mechanical tests in different thermal loading paths,including an isothermal path.The new device is proved to be able to conduct typical thermo-mechanical element tests for soft rock.The test device and the related testing method were introduced in detail.Finally,some test results have been simulated with a thermo-elasto-viscoplastic model that was also developed by the authors.

BRAKE TEST OF SiCp/A356 BRAKE DISK AND INTERPRETATION OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Material properties are obvious different between aluminum matrix composites and iron and steel materials. After the brake disk braked at the same speed, the average temperature of the aluminum brake disk is 1.5 times as high as one of iron and steel brake disk, the thermal expansion value of the aluminum brake disk is 2 times as big as one of iron and steel brake disk. Mechanical property of the material decreases with the temperature increasing generally during braking, on the other hand, the big thermal stress in the brake disk happens because the material expansion is constrained. Firstly, the reasons of the thermal stress generation and the fracture failure of brake disks during braking are analyzed qualitatively by virtue of three-bar stress frame and sandwich deformation principles in physic, and then the five constraints which cause the thermal stress are summarized. On the base of the experimental results on the 1：1 emergency brake test, the thermal stress and temperature fields are simulated; The behavior of the fracture failure is interpreted semi-quantitatively by finite element analysis, There is the coincident forecast for the fraction position in term of the two methods. In the end, in the light of the analysis and calculation results, it is the general principles observed by the structure design and assembly of the brake disk that are summarized.

Shape-stablized EP/Paraffin Composite for Latent Heat Storage

620# and 56# paraffin mixtures were impregnated into expanded perlite （EP） by vacuuming method. Effects of impregnation with/without vacuum, vacuuming time, and thermal cycles were discussed. The appropriate mass fraction of paraffin mixture in the composite and vacuuming time were found respectively to be 80% and 20 min. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer （FT-IR） analysis shows that it has a good compatibility between paraffin mixture and EP. From differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） analysis, the latent heat of EP/Paraffin mixture composite is almost linearly related with the mass fraction of paraffin mixture in the composite. After 100 thermal cycles, the deviation of phase change temperatures is acceptable, but more deviation of latent heat appears. The calcium stearate dispersing granule coated by epoxy resin can effectively lower leakage during thermal cycles.

Comparative studies for two different orientations of pebble bed in an HCCB blanket

The Indian Test Blanket Module（TBM） program in ITER is one of the major steps in its fusion reactor program towards DEMO and the future fusion power reactor vision. Research and development（RD） is focused on two types of breeding blanket concepts： lead–lithium ceramic breeder（LLCB） and helium-cooled ceramic breeder（HCCB） blanket systems for the DEMO reactor. As part of the ITER-TBM program, the LLCB concept will be tested in one-half of ITER port no. 2, whose materials and technologies will be tested during ITER operation. The HCCB concept is a variant of the solid breeder blanket, which is presently part of our domestic RD program for DEMO relevant technology development. In the HCCB concept Li_2TiO_3 and beryllium are used as the tritium breeder and neutron multiplier, respectively, in the form of a packed bed having edge-on configuration with reduced activation ferritic martensitic steel as the structural material. In this paper two design schemes, mainly two different orientations of pebble beds, are discussed. In the current concept（case-1）, the ceramic breeder beds are kept horizontal in the toroidal–radial direction. Due to gravity, the pebbles may settle down at the bottom and create a finite gap between the pebbles and the top cooling plate, which will affect the heat transfer between them. In the alternate design concept（case-2）, the pebble bed is vertically（poloidal–radial） orientated where the side plates act as cooling plates instead of top and bottom plates. These two design variants are analyzed analytically and 2 D thermal-hydraulic simulation studies are carried out with ANSYS, using the heat loads obtained from neutronic calculations.Based on the analysis the performance is compared and details of the thermal and radiative heat transfer studies are also discussed in this paper.

基于Simulink和Comsol联合仿真的虚拟热测试系统

A virtual thermal test system was built through the co-simulation using Simulink and Comsol to realize the complete virtualization of the thermal test.Using the co-simulation technology,comprehensive simulation analysis of the control system,electric field and thermal field was realized.The data state of each observation point could be directly observed at one time,including the output state information of the power amplifier,the output state information of the heater,and the thermal state information of the test unit.The virtual thermal test system has a predictive and guiding role for engineering thermal tests,and can realize thermal environment simulation beyond the existing thermal environment ground simulation capabilities,providing a basis for the development of future models.

Nondestructive testing and assessment of consolidation effects of earthen sites

Earthen sites are widely distributed throughout China, and most of them belong to archaeological sites with significant values, which not only directly witness the origin, formation and development of Chinese civilization, but also possess important values for conservation and exhibition. Many researches and practices on their conservation and consolidation have been carried out; however, the consolidation effect is mainly judged by visual observation and expert evaluation. Scientific assessment of conservation and consolidation effects is a challenging issue. Many instruments in other fields cannot be directly applied to the conservation of cultural relics due to their peculiarity. In order to assess the effects of field conservation experiments, this paper tries to understand the consolidation effects at Liangzhu site using nondestructive or micro-damage methods, including thermo-physical parameters testing, infrared thermal imaging, high-density microelectrode resistivity testing, portable microscope observation, and hydrophilic and hydrophobic testing, and thereby explores the practicable methods for evaluating the properties of consolidation materials for earthen sites treatment.

Thermal test and numerical simulation of cooling stave with internal ribbed tube

A new type of cooling stave with internal ribbed tube was proposed,and the heat transfer performance of the stave was studied by means of thermal test and numerical simulation.The temperature of cooling stave was monitored in the conditions of furnace gas temperature of 200-700 C and cooling water velocity of 0.2-1.0 m/s.The thermal test results show that the internal rib structure can form swirl in the water pipe and improve the cooling capacity of the cooling stave.The higher the furnace temperature or the lower the cooling water flow rate,the more obvious the advantage of the cooling stave with internal ribbed tube.The mathematical model of the cooling stave with internal ribbed tube was established by FLUENT software,and the influence of the internal rib structure parameters on the heat transfer performance of the cooling stave was discussed.It is suggested that the parameters of the internal ribbed tube should be 4 ribs,1 mm in height,5-7 mm in width,and 20-30 mm in lead.In the same common working conditions of the cooling stave,the maximum temperature of the newly designed cooling stave with internal ribbed tube is reduced by 5.6%compared with that of common cooling stave with round tube.The water flow rate in the internal ribbed tube only needs 0.9 m/s to reach the cooling effect of 2 m/s in the common tube cooling stave,which can save 55%of water.In case of water shortage accident of cooling stave,the maximum temperature of the cooling stave with internal ribbed tube is decreased by 22.4%compared with that of common round tube,which can effectively reduce the harm of water shortage and protect the cooling stave.

Effect of temperature and moisture on the luminescence properties of silicone filled with YAG phosphor

In order to determine the environmental effects on the luminescence properties of a phosphor layer for high-power light emitting diodes, a high humidity and temperature test （85℃/85%RH） and a thermal aging test （85℃） were performed on silicone/YAG phosphor composites. The luminescence properties of silicone/phosphor composites are monitored by a fluorescence spectrometer. The results show that high temperature could result in an increase in conversion efficiency of composites during the early aging stage and red shift of YAG phosphor; and high humidity could result in a significant decrease in conversion efficiency of composites while having a small influence upon the optimal excitation wavelength of the YAG phosphor.