Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with a microporous structure was prepared via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS).Liquid paraffin (LP) was used as a diluent in the preparation of microporous UH...Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with a microporous structure was prepared via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS).Liquid paraffin (LP) was used as a diluent in the preparation of microporous UHMWPE. Small angle laser light scattering (SALLS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to determine the phase separation temperatures,i.e.the cloud points and the dynamic crystallization temperatures,respectively.It was found that the cloudI points were coincident with the cryst...展开更多
High density polyethylene （HDPE）/polyethylene-block-poly（ethylene glycol） （PE-b-PEG） blend porous membranes were prepared via thermally induced phase separation （TIPS） process using diphenyl ether （DPE） as d...High density polyethylene （HDPE）/polyethylene-block-poly（ethylene glycol） （PE-b-PEG） blend porous membranes were prepared via thermally induced phase separation （TIPS） process using diphenyl ether （DPE） as diluent. The phase diagrams of HDPE/PE-b-PEG/DPE systems were determined by optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. By varying the content of PE-b-PEG, the effects of PE-b-PEG copolymer on morphology and crystalline structure of membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and wide angle X-ray diffraction （WAXD）. The chemical compositions of whole membranes and surface layers were characterized by elementary analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflection （FTIR-ATR） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. Water contact angle, static protein adsorption and water flux experiments were used to evaluate the hydrophilicity, antifouling and water permeation properties of the membranes. It was found that the addition of PE-b-PEG increased the pore size of the obtained blend membranes. In the investigated range of PE-b-PEG content, the PEG blocks could not aggregate into obviously separated domains in membrane matrix. More importantly, PE-b-PEG could not only be retained stably in the membrane matrix during membrane formation, but also enrich at the membrane surface layer. Such stability and surface enrichment of PE-b-PEG endowed the blend membranes with improved hydrophilicity, protein absorption resistance and water permeation properties, which would be substantially beneficial to HDPE membranes for water treatment application.展开更多
Ionic liquid(IL),1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([BMIM]PF6)as a new and environmentally friendly diluent was introduced to prepare poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)membranes via thermally induced phase s...Ionic liquid(IL),1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([BMIM]PF6)as a new and environmentally friendly diluent was introduced to prepare poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)membranes via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS).Phase diagram of PVDF/[BMIM]PF6 was measured.The effects of polymer concentration and quenching temperature on the morphologies,properties,and performances of the PVDF membranes were investigated.When the polymer concentration was 15 wt%,the pure water flux of the fabricated membrane was up to nearly 2000 L·m-2·h-1,along with adequate mechanical strength.With the increasing of PVDF concentration and quenching temperature,mean pore size and water permeability of the membrane decreased.SEM results showed that PVDF membranes manufactured by ionic liquid(BMIm PF6)presented spherulite structure.And the PVDF membranes were represented asβphase by XRD and FTIR characterization.It provides a new way to prepare PVDF membranes with piezoelectric properties.展开更多
Hydrophilic poly(vinyl butyral)(PVB) /Pluronic F127(F127) blend hollow fiber membranes were prepared via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS) ,and the effects of blend composition on the performance of hydrophilic...Hydrophilic poly(vinyl butyral)(PVB) /Pluronic F127(F127) blend hollow fiber membranes were prepared via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS) ,and the effects of blend composition on the performance of hydrophilic PVB/F127 blend hollow fiber membrane were investigated.The addition of F127 to PVB/polyethylene glycol(PEG) system decreases the cloud point temperature,while the cloud point temperature increases slightly with the addition of F127 to 20%(by mass) PVB/F127/PEG200 system when the concentration of F127 is not higher than 5%(by mass) .Light scattering results show that the initial inter-phase periodic distance formed from the phase separation of 20%(by mass) PVB/F127/PEG200 system decreases with the addition of F127,so does the growth rate during cooling process.The blend hollow fiber membrane prepared at air-gap 5mm,of which the water permeability increases and the rejection changes little with the increase of F127 concentration.For the membrane prepared at zero air-gap,both water permeability and rejection of the PVB/F127 blend membrane are greater than those of PVB membrane,while the tensile strength changes little.Elementary analysis shows that most F127 in the polymer solution can firmly exist in the polymer matrix,increasing the hydrophilicity of the blend membrane prepared at air-gap of 5mm.展开更多
A systematic study of air gap distance effects on the structure and properties of poly(vinyl butyral)hollow fiber membrane via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS)has been carried out.The results show that the hol...A systematic study of air gap distance effects on the structure and properties of poly(vinyl butyral)hollow fiber membrane via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS)has been carried out.The results show that the hollow fiber membrane prepared at air gap zero has no skin layer; the pore size near the outer surface is larger than that near the inner surface; and the special pore channel-like structure near the outer surface is formed,which is quite different with the typical sponge-like structure caused by TIPS and the finger-like structure caused by non-solvent induced phase separation(NIPS),because of the synergistic action of non-solvent induced phase separation at air gap zero.The pore size gradually decreases from outer surface layer to the intermediate layer,but increases gradually from intermediate layer to the inner surface layer.With the increase of air gap distance,the pore size near the outer surface gets smaller and a dense skin layer is formed,and the pore size gradually increases from the outer surface layer to the inner surface layer.Water permeability of the hollow fiber membrane decreases with air gap distance,the water permeability decreases sharply from 45.50×10-7 to 4.52×10-7 m3/(m2·s·kPa)as air gap increases from 0 to 10 mm at take-up speed of 0.236 m/s,further decreases from 4.52×10-7 to 1.00×10-8 m3/(m2·s·kPa)as the air gap increases from 10 to 40 mm.Both the breaking strength and the elongation increase with the increase of air gap distance.The breaking strength increases from 2.25 MPa to 4.19 MPa and the elongation increases from 33.9% to 132.6% as air gap increases from 0 mm to 40 mm at take-up speed 0.236 m/s.展开更多
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) /polysulfone(PVDF/PSF) flat blend membrane was prepared via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS) technique.The membrane formation mechanism and membrane structure were investigated and th...Poly(vinylidene fluoride) /polysulfone(PVDF/PSF) flat blend membrane was prepared via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS) technique.The membrane formation mechanism and membrane structure were investigated and the effects of PSF/PVDF weight ratio on morphology,crystallinity,porosity,and mechanical properties of the membrane were discussed.The relationship between membrane structure and performances,such as pure water flux and the rejection of carbonic black,was also discussed.It was found that solid-liquid(S-L) phase separation occurred for the PVDF/PSF/diluent system.The addition of PSF influences structure and crystallinity of the membrane,which in turn influences mechanical properties and performances of the membrane.The results reveal that it is possible to obtain network structure via S-L phase separation by blending the polymer,which has a partial compatibility with PVDF.展开更多
Poly(vinyl butyral)(PVB) hollow fiber membranes were fabricated via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS).The effects of coagulation bath temperature(CBT) on the structure and performance of membranes were investig...Poly(vinyl butyral)(PVB) hollow fiber membranes were fabricated via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS).The effects of coagulation bath temperature(CBT) on the structure and performance of membranes were investigated in detail.The morphologies of the membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),the performances of water permeability,rejection,breaking strength and elongation were measured,respectively.The results indicate that all the membranes have the asymmetric morphology and the thickness of the skin layer decreases and the pore size of the outer layer increases with the increase of CBT.The permeability of membranes prepared at air gap 1.0 cm and take-up speed 0.253 m/s increases from 1.047×10-7 to 5.909×10-7 m3/(m2·s·kPa) with the CBT increasing from 20 °C to 40 °C,and sharply increases to 35.226×10-7 m3/(m2·s·kPa) once the CBT arrives at 50 °C.While the carbonic ink rejections have no significant decrease,totally exceed 98%,but that of acid-maleic acid copolymer greatly decreases with the increase of CBT.Both the breaking strength and elongation decrease with the increase of CBT.展开更多
Microporous polyolefin hollow fiber membranes were prepared from high density polyethylene (HDPE)-paraffin solution via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method. Effects of extraction and cold-drawing conditio...Microporous polyolefin hollow fiber membranes were prepared from high density polyethylene (HDPE)-paraffin solution via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method. Effects of extraction and cold-drawing condition on membrane structure and performance were investigated. Five volatile solvents were used as extractant. Dimension of hollow fiber and gas permeation rate of membrane were measured. Microstructure of membrane was examined by Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM). The results show that the membrane treated by pentane possesses a higher porosity, nitrogen permeability and lower shrinkage than those of membranes extracted by other three extractants. It is also found that the membrane stretched 133% shows the highest porosity and gas permeability in this study.展开更多
A review of recent research related to micro- porous polymeric membranes formed via thermally induced phase separation （TIPS） and the morphologies of these membranes is presented. A summary of polymers and suitable ...A review of recent research related to micro- porous polymeric membranes formed via thermally induced phase separation （TIPS） and the morphologies of these membranes is presented. A summary of polymers and suitable diluents that can be used to prepare these microporous membranes via TIPS are summarized. The effects of different kinds of polymer materials, diluent types, cooling conditions, extractants and additive agents on the morphology and performance of TIPS membranes are also discussed. Finally new developments in TIPS technology are summarized.展开更多
A non-toxic and environmentally safe diluent,acetyl tributyl citrate,was employed to prepare poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene membranes via thermally induced phase separation.Effects of the polymer con...A non-toxic and environmentally safe diluent,acetyl tributyl citrate,was employed to prepare poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene membranes via thermally induced phase separation.Effects of the polymer concentration on the phase diagram,membrane morphology,hydrophobicity,pore size,porosity and mechanical properties(tensile stress and elongation at break)were investigated.The results showed that the pore size and porosity tended to decrease with increasing polymer concentration,whereas the contact angle,liquid entry pressure and mechanical properties showed the opposite trend.In direct contact membrane distillation operation with 3.5 wt-%sodium chloride solution as the feed solution,the prepared membranes performed high salt rejection(>99.9%).Furthermore,the prepared membranes retained excellent performance in long-term stability tests regarding the permeate flux and salt rejection. ne distillation.展开更多
The asymmetric polyamide-6 （PA6） membranes were prepared by thermally induced phase separation. From the scanning electron microscopy （SEM） images, it is observed that with the increase of silicon dioxide （SiO2）...The asymmetric polyamide-6 （PA6） membranes were prepared by thermally induced phase separation. From the scanning electron microscopy （SEM） images, it is observed that with the increase of silicon dioxide （SiO2） content the structure of obtained membranes gradually varied from cellular structure to large ball-shaped cluster aggregates. Subsequently, with the addition of SiO2, pure water flux increased first and then decreased, while rejection showed the opposite trend. Besides, raising the coagulation bath temperature was favorable to increase pure water flux. Consequently, different membrane morphologies and performance were obtained by changing SiO2 content and coagulation bath temperature.展开更多
Isotactic polypropylene(iPP) hollow fiber microporous membranes were prepared via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS)method.The mixture of di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP)and dioctyl phthalate(DOP)was used as diluent.Th...Isotactic polypropylene(iPP) hollow fiber microporous membranes were prepared via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS)method.The mixture of di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP)and dioctyl phthalate(DOP)was used as diluent.The effects of α(DBP mass fraction in mixed diluent)and β(iPP mass fraction in polymer solution)on pore size distribution of the membrane were investigated by N2-liquid displacement measurement.The connectivity of the membrane was evaluated with membrane tortuosity.It is noted that resulting membrane is apt to possess a narrow pore size distribution.For same β,the mean pore size and connectivity of resulting membrane decrease with increasing α.For α=0.20,with increasing β,mean pore size of resulting membrane increases with subsequent decreasing,while resulting membrane connectivity increases slightly.For α=0.35 or α=0.50,the mean pore size and connectivity of resulting membrane decrease with increasing β.It is indicated that the change of connectivity is attributed to the difference of the membrane topology.It is shown that membrane pore size and connectivity can be controlled effectively by choosing proper α and β.展开更多
基金supported by Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Projects,China (No.2003CB615705).
文摘Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with a microporous structure was prepared via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS).Liquid paraffin (LP) was used as a diluent in the preparation of microporous UHMWPE. Small angle laser light scattering (SALLS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to determine the phase separation temperatures,i.e.the cloud points and the dynamic crystallization temperatures,respectively.It was found that the cloudI points were coincident with the cryst...
基金supported by the 863 program(No.2006AA03Z233)973 program(No.2009CB623402) of China
文摘High density polyethylene （HDPE）/polyethylene-block-poly（ethylene glycol） （PE-b-PEG） blend porous membranes were prepared via thermally induced phase separation （TIPS） process using diphenyl ether （DPE） as diluent. The phase diagrams of HDPE/PE-b-PEG/DPE systems were determined by optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. By varying the content of PE-b-PEG, the effects of PE-b-PEG copolymer on morphology and crystalline structure of membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and wide angle X-ray diffraction （WAXD）. The chemical compositions of whole membranes and surface layers were characterized by elementary analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflection （FTIR-ATR） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. Water contact angle, static protein adsorption and water flux experiments were used to evaluate the hydrophilicity, antifouling and water permeation properties of the membranes. It was found that the addition of PE-b-PEG increased the pore size of the obtained blend membranes. In the investigated range of PE-b-PEG content, the PEG blocks could not aggregate into obviously separated domains in membrane matrix. More importantly, PE-b-PEG could not only be retained stably in the membrane matrix during membrane formation, but also enrich at the membrane surface layer. Such stability and surface enrichment of PE-b-PEG endowed the blend membranes with improved hydrophilicity, protein absorption resistance and water permeation properties, which would be substantially beneficial to HDPE membranes for water treatment application.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21606125)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20160984)+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC0403702)the Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory Program(KL16-09)the open project program of Jiangsu Key Lab for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials(JSKC17005)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution(PAPD)。
文摘Ionic liquid(IL),1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([BMIM]PF6)as a new and environmentally friendly diluent was introduced to prepare poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)membranes via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS).Phase diagram of PVDF/[BMIM]PF6 was measured.The effects of polymer concentration and quenching temperature on the morphologies,properties,and performances of the PVDF membranes were investigated.When the polymer concentration was 15 wt%,the pure water flux of the fabricated membrane was up to nearly 2000 L·m-2·h-1,along with adequate mechanical strength.With the increasing of PVDF concentration and quenching temperature,mean pore size and water permeability of the membrane decreased.SEM results showed that PVDF membranes manufactured by ionic liquid(BMIm PF6)presented spherulite structure.And the PVDF membranes were represented asβphase by XRD and FTIR characterization.It provides a new way to prepare PVDF membranes with piezoelectric properties.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（20776161）
文摘Hydrophilic poly(vinyl butyral)(PVB) /Pluronic F127(F127) blend hollow fiber membranes were prepared via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS) ,and the effects of blend composition on the performance of hydrophilic PVB/F127 blend hollow fiber membrane were investigated.The addition of F127 to PVB/polyethylene glycol(PEG) system decreases the cloud point temperature,while the cloud point temperature increases slightly with the addition of F127 to 20%(by mass) PVB/F127/PEG200 system when the concentration of F127 is not higher than 5%(by mass) .Light scattering results show that the initial inter-phase periodic distance formed from the phase separation of 20%(by mass) PVB/F127/PEG200 system decreases with the addition of F127,so does the growth rate during cooling process.The blend hollow fiber membrane prepared at air-gap 5mm,of which the water permeability increases and the rejection changes little with the increase of F127 concentration.For the membrane prepared at zero air-gap,both water permeability and rejection of the PVB/F127 blend membrane are greater than those of PVB membrane,while the tensile strength changes little.Elementary analysis shows that most F127 in the polymer solution can firmly exist in the polymer matrix,increasing the hydrophilicity of the blend membrane prepared at air-gap of 5mm.
基金Project(21176264)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(11JJ2010)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘A systematic study of air gap distance effects on the structure and properties of poly(vinyl butyral)hollow fiber membrane via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS)has been carried out.The results show that the hollow fiber membrane prepared at air gap zero has no skin layer; the pore size near the outer surface is larger than that near the inner surface; and the special pore channel-like structure near the outer surface is formed,which is quite different with the typical sponge-like structure caused by TIPS and the finger-like structure caused by non-solvent induced phase separation(NIPS),because of the synergistic action of non-solvent induced phase separation at air gap zero.The pore size gradually decreases from outer surface layer to the intermediate layer,but increases gradually from intermediate layer to the inner surface layer.With the increase of air gap distance,the pore size near the outer surface gets smaller and a dense skin layer is formed,and the pore size gradually increases from the outer surface layer to the inner surface layer.Water permeability of the hollow fiber membrane decreases with air gap distance,the water permeability decreases sharply from 45.50×10-7 to 4.52×10-7 m3/(m2·s·kPa)as air gap increases from 0 to 10 mm at take-up speed of 0.236 m/s,further decreases from 4.52×10-7 to 1.00×10-8 m3/(m2·s·kPa)as the air gap increases from 10 to 40 mm.Both the breaking strength and the elongation increase with the increase of air gap distance.The breaking strength increases from 2.25 MPa to 4.19 MPa and the elongation increases from 33.9% to 132.6% as air gap increases from 0 mm to 40 mm at take-up speed 0.236 m/s.
基金National Natural Foundation of China(No.51003074)
文摘Poly(vinylidene fluoride) /polysulfone(PVDF/PSF) flat blend membrane was prepared via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS) technique.The membrane formation mechanism and membrane structure were investigated and the effects of PSF/PVDF weight ratio on morphology,crystallinity,porosity,and mechanical properties of the membrane were discussed.The relationship between membrane structure and performances,such as pure water flux and the rejection of carbonic black,was also discussed.It was found that solid-liquid(S-L) phase separation occurred for the PVDF/PSF/diluent system.The addition of PSF influences structure and crystallinity of the membrane,which in turn influences mechanical properties and performances of the membrane.The results reveal that it is possible to obtain network structure via S-L phase separation by blending the polymer,which has a partial compatibility with PVDF.
基金Project(21176264)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(11JJ2010)supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Poly(vinyl butyral)(PVB) hollow fiber membranes were fabricated via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS).The effects of coagulation bath temperature(CBT) on the structure and performance of membranes were investigated in detail.The morphologies of the membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),the performances of water permeability,rejection,breaking strength and elongation were measured,respectively.The results indicate that all the membranes have the asymmetric morphology and the thickness of the skin layer decreases and the pore size of the outer layer increases with the increase of CBT.The permeability of membranes prepared at air gap 1.0 cm and take-up speed 0.253 m/s increases from 1.047×10-7 to 5.909×10-7 m3/(m2·s·kPa) with the CBT increasing from 20 °C to 40 °C,and sharply increases to 35.226×10-7 m3/(m2·s·kPa) once the CBT arrives at 50 °C.While the carbonic ink rejections have no significant decrease,totally exceed 98%,but that of acid-maleic acid copolymer greatly decreases with the increase of CBT.Both the breaking strength and elongation decrease with the increase of CBT.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation (ZJNSF Y404096) and SRF for ROCS ,SEM
文摘Microporous polyolefin hollow fiber membranes were prepared from high density polyethylene (HDPE)-paraffin solution via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method. Effects of extraction and cold-drawing condition on membrane structure and performance were investigated. Five volatile solvents were used as extractant. Dimension of hollow fiber and gas permeation rate of membrane were measured. Microstructure of membrane was examined by Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM). The results show that the membrane treated by pentane possesses a higher porosity, nitrogen permeability and lower shrinkage than those of membranes extracted by other three extractants. It is also found that the membrane stretched 133% shows the highest porosity and gas permeability in this study.
文摘A review of recent research related to micro- porous polymeric membranes formed via thermally induced phase separation （TIPS） and the morphologies of these membranes is presented. A summary of polymers and suitable diluents that can be used to prepare these microporous membranes via TIPS are summarized. The effects of different kinds of polymer materials, diluent types, cooling conditions, extractants and additive agents on the morphology and performance of TIPS membranes are also discussed. Finally new developments in TIPS technology are summarized.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22078146)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFC0862903)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20200091)the Jiangsu Province Department of Human Resources and Social Security(Grant No.JNHB-036)the Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory Program(Grant No.KL19-04)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution(PAPD).N.Tavajohi is grateful for financial support by the Kempe Foundation(Grant No.SMK-1850)Bio4energy program(Grant No.B4E3-TM-1-01).
文摘A non-toxic and environmentally safe diluent,acetyl tributyl citrate,was employed to prepare poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene membranes via thermally induced phase separation.Effects of the polymer concentration on the phase diagram,membrane morphology,hydrophobicity,pore size,porosity and mechanical properties(tensile stress and elongation at break)were investigated.The results showed that the pore size and porosity tended to decrease with increasing polymer concentration,whereas the contact angle,liquid entry pressure and mechanical properties showed the opposite trend.In direct contact membrane distillation operation with 3.5 wt-%sodium chloride solution as the feed solution,the prepared membranes performed high salt rejection(>99.9%).Furthermore,the prepared membranes retained excellent performance in long-term stability tests regarding the permeate flux and salt rejection. ne distillation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20874073)National 863(high-tech research and development) Program of China(No.2007AA030304)Tianjin Science and Technology Key Support Plan (No.08ZCGYGX03700).
文摘The asymmetric polyamide-6 （PA6） membranes were prepared by thermally induced phase separation. From the scanning electron microscopy （SEM） images, it is observed that with the increase of silicon dioxide （SiO2） content the structure of obtained membranes gradually varied from cellular structure to large ball-shaped cluster aggregates. Subsequently, with the addition of SiO2, pure water flux increased first and then decreased, while rejection showed the opposite trend. Besides, raising the coagulation bath temperature was favorable to increase pure water flux. Consequently, different membrane morphologies and performance were obtained by changing SiO2 content and coagulation bath temperature.
文摘Isotactic polypropylene(iPP) hollow fiber microporous membranes were prepared via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS)method.The mixture of di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP)and dioctyl phthalate(DOP)was used as diluent.The effects of α(DBP mass fraction in mixed diluent)and β(iPP mass fraction in polymer solution)on pore size distribution of the membrane were investigated by N2-liquid displacement measurement.The connectivity of the membrane was evaluated with membrane tortuosity.It is noted that resulting membrane is apt to possess a narrow pore size distribution.For same β,the mean pore size and connectivity of resulting membrane decrease with increasing α.For α=0.20,with increasing β,mean pore size of resulting membrane increases with subsequent decreasing,while resulting membrane connectivity increases slightly.For α=0.35 or α=0.50,the mean pore size and connectivity of resulting membrane decrease with increasing β.It is indicated that the change of connectivity is attributed to the difference of the membrane topology.It is shown that membrane pore size and connectivity can be controlled effectively by choosing proper α and β.
