Calculation on model of weakening hydrogen bond of thick oil of petroleum

The process of use catalyst or functional material that contains iron ion to weaken -O-H-O- hydrogen bond of the thick oil to reduce viscidity or crack, in aspects of the ion charge. covalent bond order, total energy and the average distance of Fe-O. is studied with density function theory and discrete variational method （DFT-DVM）, one of the first principle methods. With the decrease of the distance of Fe-O. the charge of Fe ion increases, the charge of hydrogen ion decreases, and hydrogen bond is weakened. There are obvious and more stable effects to use the catalyst that contains multiple metal ions or increase the catalyst amount in weakening hydrogen bond of the thick oil. This theoretic work is helpful to exploit and process the thick oil of petroleum and maybe overcome the crisis of petroleum energy is approaching to us.

The damping model for sea waves covered by oil films of a finite thickness

In combination with a wave action balance equation, a damping model for sea waves covered by oil films of a finite thickness is proposed. The damping model is not only related to the physical parameters of the oil film, but also related to environment parameters. Meanwhile, the parametric analyses have been also conducted to understand the sensitivity of the damping model to these parameters. And numerical simulations demonstrate that a kinematic viscosity, a surface/interfacial elasticity, a thickness, and a fractional filling factor cause more significant effects on a damping ratio than the other physical parameters of the oil film. From the simulation it is also found that the influences induced by a wind speed and a wind direction are also remarkable. On the other hand, for a thick emulsified oil film, the damping effect on the radar signal induced by the reduction of an effective dielectric constant should also be taken into account. The simulated results are compared with the damping ratio evaluated by the 15 ENVISAT ASAR images acquired during the Gulf of Mexico oil spill accident.

Prediction of Apparent Equivalent Thickness Using the Spontaneous Potential Method and Its Application to Oilfield Development

The upper spontaneous potential produced by oil and gas accumulation is of a stable potential field, and its intensity is directly proportional to the content of the source and inversely proportional to the radius apart from the source. Theoretical research and practical results show that anomalies of spontaneous potential can indicate oil-bearing sandstone bodies and locate the areas of oil and gas accumulation. In oil areas which have fewer reservoir beds, the petroleum reservoir thickness can be predicted by determining the linear relationship between potential intensity and apparent equivalent thickness. In the Weixing （卫星） oilfield, which is devoid of sufficient reservoir beds, its apparent equivalent thickness can be predicted by the linear equation h= -0.19x＋0.74. On the basis of geological research, we use the spontaneous potential method to predict the equivalent thickness, helping in the selection of the most appropriate drill sites to enhance the probability of successful well boring so as to serve the next round development of the oilfield.

Effect of silicone oil removal on central corneal thickness

AIM:To evaluate the effect of silicone oil removal(SOR) on central corneal thickness(CCT) in aphakic and pseudophakic eyes prospectively.· METHODS:Patients who underwent SOR surgery between June 2005-August 2007 were included in this study.Silicon oil was actively removed behind the posterior capsule through the pars plana sclerotomy site(posterior approach) in pseudophakic eyes and through the pupil and the corneal tunnel incision(anterior approach) in aphakic eyes with the 18-gauge cannula.CCT was assessed with Orbscan II corneal topography system preoperatively and at one month and three months postoperatively.A total of 34 eyes of 34 patients(26 males,8 females) comprised the study group.Mean age was(55.6±12.3) years(Range:25-80 years).Twenty-six eyes(76.5%) were pseudophakic and 8(23.5%) aphakic.Mean time between silicone oil injection and removal was(15.1±13.6) months(Range:5-54 months).At baseline,CCT was 576.4±46.0μm in pseudophakic eyes and 611.6±36.2μm in aphakic eyes.· RESULTS:At the first postoperative month CCT was(573.3±40.1)μm and(630.9±72.9)μm in pseudophakic and aphakic eyes respectively.At the third postoperative month,CCT was(582.7±49.5)μm and(614.5±82.4)μm in pseudophakic and aphakic eyes respectively.There was no statistically significant difference in CCT measurements one month and 3 months after SOR when compared to preoperative values in both aphakic and pseudophakic eyes(P> 0.05).· CONCLUSION:Active SOR either by anterior or posterior approach did not affect the CCT.·

Restoration of Eroded Thickness of the Neogene Strata in the Western Qaidam Basin and Its Significance for Oil and Gas Occurrence

During the Pleistocene, the western Qaidam Basin has largely experienced strong structural reconstruction and strong erosion. First, the eroded thickness of Neogene strata was restored approximately by the stratigraphic profile comparison method and plane trend surface restoring method; then, accurate calculation of erosion was recovered using vitrinite reflectance, and the erosion that was restored by the trend surface restoring method was corrected; finally, a distribution map of cumulative erosion was produced. This study marks an important achievement in that one of the most important parameters of basin tectonic evolution, sedimentary evolution, and oil and gas accumulation history has been obtained, and that a basic geological problem has been solved in the Qaidam Basin. The areas with high erosion and low erosion are shown in the map and a close relation between the distribution of oil and gas fields and erosion was recognized. Large and medium oil and gas fields are mainly distributed in areas with medium and low erosion. It is difficult to form large-scale oil and gas accumulation in areas in which erosion is more than 2000 m. The mechanism of the relation between oil and gas distribution and erosion is explained. This study will be of use in predicting the distribution of oil and gas.

Measurement of EHL Oil Film Thickness for Space Bearing

Through optimizing the eletric parameters of the resistance-capacitance (R-C)oscillation,a measuring instrument is developed for measurement of EHL oil filmthickness.Actual measurement was made with space bearings and actual measurements arein good agreement with theoretical calculations.

Study on Flow Unit of Heavy Oil Bottom Water Reservoir with Over-Limited Thickness in Offshore Oilfield

The upper Ming section of L oilfield is a typical offshore heavy oil bottom-water reservoir with thick fluvial layers. All horizontal wells are developed by natural energy. Due to the few drilling holes and influence by the resolution of seismic data, it is difficult to describe reservoirs with thickness over 20 meters. In this paper, seismic resonance amplitude inversion technology is introduced to restore the real response of thick reservoirs and interbeds by drilling and drilling verification, and the geological bodies with different thickness are displayed by frequency division RGB three primary colors. Flow units of heavy oil reservoirs with bottom water are divided according to the three major factors of interlayer, lithologic internal boundary and water-oil thickness ratio which have the greatest influence on horizontal well development, thick sand bodies are divided into 10 different flow units in three levels, each unit is separated from each other, and the reservoir structure, water-cut characteristics and water-flooding characteristics are different. The reliability of the research is improved by using the dynamic data of horizontal wells and newly drilled passing wells, which provides a basis for tapping the potential of heavy oil reservoirs with bottom water.

海面溢油激光探测系统及相关算法的研究

激光诱导荧光(LIF)技术是目前较为有效的海面溢油探测技术之一,但基于该技术的油膜厚度反演算法不适用于评估厚油膜(>800μm)。激光方向性强且能量集中,研究已表明其具备评估海面油膜的能力,然而现有探测系统将激光信号作为干扰信号加以抑制或去除。为了重新找回该信号以实现探测海面厚油膜的目的,研究了一种海面溢油激光探测系统并对其协调控制方法进行了探讨,另外,基于此系统建立了一种利用激光反射信号评估海面厚油膜的模型。通过选用原油和白油的混合油(1:50)作为实验油,验证了海面溢油激光探测系统的可行性和油膜厚度评估算法的有效性。

稠油油藏大段塞调驱后提高采收率新技术及应用

H1块为普通稠油区块,开展多轮次调驱后,取得较好的增油效果。但随着大段塞调驱剂注入,后期压力维持在较高水平,含水率持续上升,同时注入井吸水能力下降,油井产液能力下降,产量递减加大,亟需有效开发接替技术。为进一步改善开发现状,室内设计了在大段塞调驱段塞后,注入降黏剂进一步提高采收率。室内通过大量实验,筛选出了具有良好降黏性以及界面活性降黏剂JN-1,当质量分数达到0.2%时,降黏率可达82.0%,降低油水界面张力至4.72×10^(-3)mN·m^(-1)。室内物模实验表明,在注入0.3PV调驱段塞后,继续注入0.2%降黏剂段塞0.3PV,可充分启动残余油,进一步提高采收率16.8%。现场开展降黏驱4井组先导实验,设计注入质量分数0.2%、0.14 PV降黏剂,注入后平均单井日增油0.8 t,综合含水率下降6%。

胜利油区储层测井评价技术发展及展望

胜利油区油气资源丰富,储层类型众多,测井评价在勘探开发工作中发挥了重要的作用。值此建院60周年之际,系统回顾储层测井评价技术发展历程和特色技术,总结经验,展望未来,对于测井专业领域的发展和应用有着积极的意义。根据储层特点和评价难点,系统梳理了常规砂岩、复杂类型和非常规3种类型储层中形成的系列成熟测井评价技术。常规砂岩储层,系统地形成了适用性强的油层标准确定方法,创新了多层合试条件下的岩性、含油性下限约束的电性标准建立方法,开创性地提出了依据不同成岩带划分的储层参数解释技术;复杂类型储层,先后形成了陡坡带砂砾岩岩性测井识别、低渗透砂岩储层有效性评价、低电阻率油层识别及评价等技术;非常规储层,以评价储集性和含油性为主要目的,初步形成了基于二维核磁共振实验的储层参数测井评价技术。这些不同类型储层测井评价技术,都体现了井筒资料与地质认识的结合、岩石物理与测井模型的综合,展现了测井为地质、为油藏服务的能力,并取得了良好的应用效果。展望未来,剩余资源主要分布在隐蔽油气藏及深层,为满足勘探开发的发展和需求,有必要加强实验资料、气测录井和测试生产资料的分析,加强测井评价与地质结合,加强随钻测井、成像、核磁等测井新技术的应用,开展综合研究与评价,从评价目标上拓展产层性质评价和产量预测,从研究手段上,在常规技术的基础上,充分依托专家经验做好样本选取,深化大数据人工智能应用,一定会取得良好效果。

海面溢油激光探测系统接收装置的研究

提出一款适用于海面溢油激光探测系统的接收装置,通过对该装置中的平行光管、光学天线以及积分球等光学部件进行研究,分析了激光在装置中的能量传输变换等系列问题。然后,以不同油膜厚度对应的激光反射信号强度作为仿真参数,在不同海况下验证了接收装置的有效性。结果表明,同一油膜厚度下,经过接收装置的激光强度远小于未经过接收装置的激光强度,此外,在平静海面或风速为0.3、0.5和0.8 m/s的微浪海面下,使用经过接收装置后的激光强度可以有效反演海面油膜厚度。

考虑弹流润滑效应的三点接触球轴承刚度特性分析

为获得润滑状态下三点接触球轴承更为准确的刚度特性,应考虑弹流润滑效应对轴承刚度的影响。文中基于拟静力学模型考虑高速离心力和陀螺力矩效应,根据给定轴承的结构参数和工况,计算滚动体与内外圈的法向接触载荷和各部件的运动速度。将拟静力学模型的计算结果和润滑介质参数代入弹流润滑模型,求解出滚动体与内外圈之间的压力分布和油膜厚度分布。进一步研究了转速、轴向载荷和润滑油的初始黏度对油膜压力和最小油膜厚度的影响。基于弹流润滑理论分析了转速和轴向载荷对轴承接触刚度、油膜刚度及综合刚度的影响。结果表明:转速的提高会大幅增加润滑油膜的整体厚度;润滑油初始黏度的增大会增加油膜厚度;随着轴承转速的提高,轴承的整体轴向刚度和轴向油膜刚度减小;随着轴向载荷的增大,轴承轴向刚度和轴向油膜刚度增大,且差值变化不大。

黏温黏压下径向柱塞泵滑靴副温度分布与泄漏量分析

针对高压大排量径向柱塞泵滑靴副摩擦失效和泄漏问题,以XDP1000型径向柱塞泵为例,对滑靴副温度分布与泄漏量进行了流场仿真和数值计算。首先,根据滑靴柱塞组件运动学特性分析,求解了滑靴偏转角变化规律,并通过建立滑靴副不同通道流量计算公式的方式,建立了滑靴副静压支承特性方程;然后,建立了滑靴副泄漏功率损失和摩擦功率损失模型,求解了滑靴副最佳油膜厚度,并分析了最佳油膜厚度的变化规律;最后,在考虑了油液黏温黏压特性的基础上,通过流场数值计算的方式,研究了滑靴副温度分布与泄漏量随径向柱塞泵工况参数的变化规律。研究结果表明:额定工况下,滑靴副最佳油膜厚度值约为14μm,滑靴副最佳油膜厚度值随着转子转角的增大而增大,随着工作压力和温度的增大而减小;滑靴运动方向侧油膜温度较另一侧高13 K,滑靴副温度值基本不受工作压力的影响,而随着转速的增大而升高;滑靴副阻尼孔泄漏量较滑靴边界泄漏量大0.02 kg/s,而且泄漏量随着压力、转速和油液温度的增大而增大。该研究结论可为高压大排量径向柱塞泵滑靴副设计及优化提供参考。

动车组锥齿轮箱飞溅润滑特性及箱体结构改进

为了分析动车组齿轮箱的润滑机理,以某型螺旋锥齿轮传动齿轮箱为研究对象,运用移动粒子半隐式(MPS)法建立高精度的流场仿真模型.引入薄膜流动模型,对无滑移壁面边界条件进行改进,使移动粒子半隐式法具有预测液膜流动特性的功能.研究输入齿轮转速、初始润滑油量对箱体内壁和齿轮表面的润滑油覆盖率、油膜分布特性及功率损失的影响.结果表明,箱体内壁面的润滑油覆盖率和液膜厚度主要受润滑油飞溅效应的影响,齿轮表面受到润滑油飞溅效应和自身运动的共同影响.功率损失分析显示,功率损失与输入齿轮转速和初始润滑油油量均呈正相关关系,对高转速更敏感.对箱体结构进行改进,消除箱体凸台,扩大与输出齿轮的距离,该措施可以显著改善齿轮箱的润滑条件.

基于超声检测的管道壁厚在线监测系统

以超声检测技术为基础的油气管道壁厚在线监测技术,对降低人力监测成本,提高油气管道减薄及失效的早期预警能力有重要意义。基于超声反射法设计了一套具有多通道的高精度超声管道壁厚在线监测系统,并在不同的试验温度下进行多壁厚在线监测试验,最后对结果进行分析校正,得到修正方程和修正模型。试验结果表明,采用所提数据拟合修正方法,管道壁厚超声检测的绝对误差在±0.04 mm内,相对误差在1%内,实现了油气管道壁厚的高精度监测。

几何修形对盾构机主驱动轴承润滑性能的影响分析

以某6 m盾构机实际工况及其主驱动轴承为研究对象,建立主驱动轴承载荷分布模型及等温弹流润滑模型,得到了各工况下的负载受力,分析了几何修形对盾构机主轴承弹流润滑的影响。结果表明:从弹流润滑角度判断,滚子母线凸度及端部圆角半径均存在优化区间,从而使最大滚子负载处的油膜压力显著减小,减小边缘效应;几何修形后的滚子明显比直母线滚子的润滑性能要好,且修形后的滚子在工况变化时,存在自适应性,但极限工况下仍存在油膜压力过大和油膜厚度偏低的情况。因此当极限工况时间占比较大时,应适当增加滚子凸度。综上可知,合理选取几何修形滚子参数可显著提高盾构机主驱动轴承润滑性能。

滚动轴承润滑膜厚及保持架转速的超声测量

滚动轴承的运行稳定性与钢球和内外圈之间的润滑状态密切相关,膜厚则是表征轴承润滑性能的重要参数。基于超声弹簧模型建立了膜厚测量模型并搭建了试验台,通过试验台模拟球轴承的运行状态并测量钢球周围以及沿滚动方向的膜厚分布,分析了转速对最小膜厚的影响;同时,根据连续2个钢球通过探头正下方的时间间隔计算保持架转速,分析得到了不同重复频率所能测量的保持架转速范围。试验结果表明,膜厚的实际测量值与理论值吻合较好,保持架转速的实际测量值与纯滚动条件下的理论转速一致性良好,可用于轴承打滑状态的评估。

新型水上油膜厚度测量系统研制

浮油污染对生态环境造成了严重的影响,各国投入大量资金和人力用于水上浮油的研究。其中,水上油膜厚度的高精度测量对于浮油预防与处理至关重要。以柴油为研究对象,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪获取了不同温度下(293/298/303/308/313/318 K)柴油和常温下(298 K)水的吸收光谱,发现柴油和水在近红外区域(6000.0~11000.0 cm^(-1))存在明显吸收,且柴油的吸收光谱不随温度发生偏移。选取了柴油吸收系数最大的波数位置ν_(1)(8381.6 cm^(-1))用于建立单波长水上油膜厚度反演模型。选取了ν_(1)和吸收系数趋于零的波数位置ν_(2)(8918.7 cm^(-1))用于建立双波长水上油膜厚度反演模型。此外,水在这两个波数位置的吸收系数极小,对测量结果几乎没有影响。利用已知油膜厚度(0~1000μm)的标准具对两种反演模型的测量精度进行验证,发现两种模型获得的膜厚值与已知值的平均相对偏差分别为36.4%和2.5%,最大相对偏差分别为44.7%和3.7%,最大标准差分别为7.0和5.6μm。可见,双波长水上油膜厚度反演模型明显优于单波长水上油膜厚度反演模型。在此基础上,研制了一套基于双波长吸收光谱法的新型水上油膜厚度测量系统,该系统的时间分辨率为0.03 s。最后,利用该系统研究水面上逐滴滴入一定体积(1 mL)柴油后的水上油膜厚度变化,并结合超声脉冲反射法进行同步测量对比分析。每滴入一次柴油利用两种方法各重复测量10次,总共测量了20组油膜厚度数据(16~35 mL),将两种方法测量结果的平均值进行对比。结果表明,两种方法测得的油膜厚度平均相对偏差为2.5%,最大相对偏差为3.7%。其中,双波长吸收光谱法10次重复测量获得的油膜厚度的最大标准差为6.4μm。综上所述,所研制的系统可以实现高精度测量水上油膜厚度,具有无干扰、响应快、结构紧凑等优势,且可应用于不同类型的浮油测量,有望为溢油的监控、预防和处理提供新思路和科学指导。

红外光谱吸收法在线油膜厚度测量系统在板材生产中的应用

为防止冷轧带钢在储存及运输过程中表面出现锈蚀影响产品质量及性能,需要在线对成品带钢进行涂油处理。因此,在生产过程中根据产品性能要求需对油膜厚度进行准确测量和控制。重点介绍分析红外光谱吸收法在线检测油膜厚度的测量原理、硬件特性及实际应用效果。在线油膜厚度测量系统的应用,能够实现生产过程中对油膜厚度的快速有效检测,并通过实时的数据上传实现了检测数据的记录保存及反查功能。

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通过对比塔河油田不同稠油井测量产液剖面时的稀稠比、测量时机、仪器组合,分析成败原因,最终总结出一套适合稠油井的生产测井施工优化方案,并在两口井的施工中实施,均取得合格生产测井数据。