Natural Frequency of Planetary Transmission with Thin-Walled Ring Gear on Elastic Supports

A lumped parameter-rigid elastic coupled dynamic model of two-stage planetary gears for a hybrid car is established through the inter-stage coupled method,in which the supports of the ring gear of planet set Ⅱ are represented as an elastic foundation with radial and tangential uniform distributed stiffness,and the ring gear of planet set Ⅱ is modeled as an elastic continuum body. The natural frequencies based on the eigenvalue problem of dynamic model of planetary transmission are solved and the associated vibration modes are discussed. The rules are revealed which are the influences of the ring gear elastic supports stiffness and rim thickness on natural frequencies of planetary transmission. The theoretical analysis indicates that the vibration modes of planetary transmission with thin-walled ring gear on elastic supports are classified into seven types: Ⅰ/Ⅱ stage coupled rotational mode,Ⅰ stage translational mode,Ⅰ stage planet mode,Ⅱ stage translational mode,Ⅱ stage degenerate planet mode,Ⅱ stage distinct planet mode and purely ring gear mode. For each vibration mode, its properties are summarized. The numerical solutions show that the elastic supports stiffness and rim thickness of the ring gear of planet set Ⅱ have different influences on natural frequencies.

全耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体在上鼓室外侧壁重建中的临床应用

目的探究全耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体在上鼓室外侧壁重建中的临床应用。方法选取2020年6月~2023年6月间徐州市中心医院收治的58例进行上鼓室外侧壁重建的胆脂瘤患者,根据采用修复材料的不同分为对照组及观察组各29例。对照组采用耳屏软骨膜进行上鼓室外侧壁重建,观察组采用耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体进行上鼓室外侧壁重建,两组患者均于全耳内镜下进行手术。统计患者术中出血量、手术时间,术后3个月复查听力情况、干耳情况及耳道功能改善情况,术后随访6个月鼓膜愈合情况。结果与术前比较,术后3个月气导听阈、气骨导差降低(P<0.05),与对照组比较,观察组气导听阈、气骨导差降低(P<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组干耳率、耳道功能良好率、听力提高成功率均升高,干耳时间缩短,但耳屏愈合时间增加(P<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组手术时间缩短,术中出血量减少(P<0.05);观察组、对照组术后并发症总发生率分别为13.79%、24.14%,二者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组愈合良好率高于对照组(86.21%vs.62.07%)(P<0.05),两组患者耳膜穿孔(10.34%vs.24.14%)、鼓膜移位(3.45%vs.6.90%)及鼓膜回缩(0.00%vs.6.90%)发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论全耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体在上鼓室外侧壁重建中有利于改善患者听力,有利于术后恢复。

Flow behavior in microchannel made of different materials with wall slip velocity and electro-viscous effects

In a microfluidic system, flow slip velocity on a solid wall can be the same order of magnitude as the average velocity in a microchannel. The flow-electricity interaction in a complex microfluidic system subjected to joint action of wall slip and electro-viscous effect is an important topic. This paper presents an analytic solution of pressuredriven liquid flow velocity and flow-induced electric field in a two-dimensional microchannel made of different materials with wall slip and electro-viscous effects. The Poisson- Boltzmann equation and the Navier-Stokes equation are solved for the analytic solutions. The analytic solutions agree well with the numerical solutions. It was found that the wall slip amplifies the fow-induced electric field and enhances the electro-viscous effect on flow. Thus the electro-viscous effect can be significant in a relatively wide microchannel with relatively large kh, the ratio of channel width to thickness of electric double layer, in comparison with the channel without wall slip.

A unified analysis of a micro-beam,droplet and CNT ring adhered on a substrate:Calculation of variation with movable boundaries

In this study, we developed a general method to analytically tackle a kind of movable boundary problem from the viewpoint of energy variation. Having grouped the adhesion of a micro-beam, droplet and carbon nanotube （CNT） ring on a substrate into one framework, we used the developed line of reasoning to investigate the adhesion behaviors of these systems. Based upon the derived governing equations and transversality conditions, explicit solutions involving the critical parameters and morphologies for the three systems are successfully obtained, and then the parameter analogies and common characteristics of them are thor- oughly investigated. The presented method has been verified via the concept of energy release rate in fracture mechanics. Our analyses provide a new approach for exploring the mechanism of different systems with similarities as well as for understanding the unity of nature. The analysis results may be beneficial for the design of nano-structured materi- als, and hold potential for enhancing their mechanical, chemical, optical and electronic properties.

Advances in Compact Manufacturing for Shape and Performance Controllability of Large-scale Components-A Review

Research on compact manufacturing technology for shape and performance controllability of metallic components can reanze the simplification and high-reliability of manufacturing process on the premise of satisfying the requirement of macro/micro-structure. It is not only the key paths in improving performance, saving material and energy, and green manufacturing of components used in major equipments, but also the challenging subjects in frontiers of advanced plastic forming. To provide a novel horizon for the manufacturing in the critical components is significant. Focused on the high-performance large-scale components such as bearing rings, flanges, railway wheels, thick-walled pipes, etc, the conventional processes and their developing situations are summarized. The existing problems including multi-pass heating, wasting material and energy, high cost and high-emission are discussed, and the present study unable to meet the manufacturing in high-quality components is also pointed out. Thus, the new techniques related to casting-rolling compound precise forming of rings, compact manufacturing for duplex-metal composite rings, compact manufacturing for railway wheels, and casting-extruding continuous forming of thick-walled pipes are introduced in detail, respectively. The corresponding research contents, such as casting ring blank, hot ring rolling, near solid-state pressure forming, hot extruding, are elaborated. Some findings in through-thickness microstructure evolution and mechanical properties are also presented. The components produced by the new techniques are mainly characterized by fine and homogeneous grains. Moreover, the possible directions for fin＇ther development of those techniques are suggested. Finally, the key scientific problems are first proposed. All of these results and conclusions have reference value and guiding significance for the integrated control of shape and performance in advanced compact manufacturing.

Determination of <i>α</i>-1,3-Linked Mannose Residue in the Cell Wall Mannan of <i>Candida tropicalis</i>NBRC 1400 Strain

To investigate the chemical structure of cell wall mannan obtained from pathogenic yeast, Candida tropicalis NBRC 1400 (former antigenic standard strain, IFO 1400). As a result of two-dimensional NMR analysis, it was shown that the mannan of this strain is composed of α-1,6-, α-1,3-, α-1,2- and β-1,2-linked mannose residues. In this research, the mannan was subjected to three degradation procedures, acid-treatment, α-mannosidase, and acetolysis under two conditions in order to determine the chemical structure of the antigenic oligomannosyl side chains in this molecule. The 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of resultant oligosaccharides, pentaose and hexaose, demonstrated the existence of the oligomannosyl side chains corresponding to Manα1-3Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-2Man and Manα1-3Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-2Man, respectively, which have previously also been found in Candida albicans serotype A strain mannans. These findings indicate that C. tropicalis and C. albicans serotype A have no significant difference in the chemical structure of these cell wall mannans. Therefore, it can be interpreted that it is extremely difficult to distinguish both species by targeting the antigenic group in these mannans.

Structural model for the first wall W-based material in ITER project

The preparation, characterization, and test of the first wall materials designed to be used in the fusion reactor have remained challenging problems in the material science. This work uses the firstprinciples method as implemented in the CASTEP package to study the influ ences of the doped titanium carbide on the structural sta bility of the WTiC material. The calculated total energy and enthalpy have been used as criteria to judge the structural models built with consideration of symmetry. Our simulation indicates that the doped TiC tends to form its own domain up to the investigated nanoscale, which implies a possible phase separation. This result reveals the intrinsic reason for the composite nature of the WTiC material and provides an explanation for the experimen tally observed phase separation at the nanoscale. Our approach also sheds a light on explaining the enhancing effects of doped components on the durability, reliability, corrosion resistance, etc., in many special steels.

HDPE双壁波纹管-CIPP内衬复合结构受力特性研究

原位固化法(CIPP)可用于修复高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)双壁波纹排水管,但目前没有合适的模型来量化评估修复后整体结构的承载特性,修复设计无据可依。为此,首先基于叠合曲梁模型和复合曲梁模型对修复结构整体的受力特性进行理论分析,然后结合室内平板荷载试验对理论模型开展验证分析,最后通过室内土箱试验研究,探明了CIPP内衬对既有管道承载能力的提升作用,揭示了复合结构的破坏模式,以及既有管道的椭圆缺陷对CIPP修复效果的影响。研究结果表明:(1)自然固化CIPP内衬体系应采用叠合曲梁模型,紫外光固化CIPP内衬体系应采用复合曲梁模型;(2) CIPP内衬-柔性管道复合结构在外荷载作用下可能发生界面剥离,导致承载能力和刚度降低;(3) CIPP内衬可以提高复合结构的环刚度,增强其抵抗外荷载的能力,有效降低土体承受的荷载,减小土体变形程度。研究成果可为HDPE双壁波纹管的CIPP修复设计提供数据支撑。

Secondary rectal linitis plastica caused by prostatic adenocarcinoma-magnetic resonance imaging findings and dissemination pathways:A case report

BACKGROUND Secondary rectal linitis plastica(RLP)from prostatic adenocarcinoma is a rare and poorly understood form of metastatic spread,characterized by a desmoplastic response and concentric rectal wall infiltration with mucosal preservation.This complicates endoscopic diagnosis and can mimic gastrointestinal malignancies.This case series underscores the critical role of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in identifying the distinct imaging features of RLP and highlights the importance of considering this condition in the differential diagnosis of patients with a history of prostate cancer.CASE SUMMARY Three patients with secondary RLP due to prostatic adenocarcinoma presented with varied clinical features.The first patient,a 76-year-old man with advanced prostate cancer,had rectal pain and incontinence.MRI showed diffuse prostatic invasion and significant rectal wall thickening with a characteristic"target sign"pattern.The second,a 57-year-old asymptomatic man with elevated prostatespecific antigen levels and a history of prostate cancer exhibited rectoprostatic angle involvement and rectal wall thickening on MRI,with positron emission tomography/computed tomography PSMA confirming the prostatic origin of the metastatic spread.The third patient,an 80-year-old post-radical prostatectomy,presented with refractory constipation.MRI revealed a neoplastic mass infiltrating the rectal wall.In all cases,MRI consistently showed stratified thickening,concentric signal changes,restricted diffusion,and contrast enhancement,which were essential for diagnosing secondary RLP.Biopsies confirmed the prostatic origin of the neoplastic involvement in the rectum.CONCLUSION Recognizing MRI findings of secondary RLP is essential for accurate diagnosis and management in prostate cancer patients.

Formation of Hybrid Ring Structure of Cyanurate/Isocyanurate in the Reaction be-tween 2,4,6-Tris(4-Phenyl-Phenoxy)-1, 3,5-Triazine and Phenyl Glycidyl Ether

Reaction products of 2,4,6-tris(4-phenyl-phenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine derived from 4-phenylphenol cyanate ester and phenyl glycidyl ether were analyzed. In addition to an isocyanurate compound and an oxazolidone compound which were well known as reaction products of cyanate esters and epoxy resins, compounds with hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate were determined. Gibbs free energies of the compound having hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate with two isocyanurate moiety were found to be lower than that of the compound with cyanurate ring structure through calculations. Calculation data supported the existence of hybrid ring structure of cy-anurate/isocyanurate. It was revealed that isomerization from cyanurate to isocyanurate occurs via hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate in the reaction of aryl cyanurate and epoxy.

考虑固壁导热的活塞环-气缸套润滑摩擦特性的影响因素研究

在考虑活塞组-气缸套固体部件间瞬态导热的基础上,把柴油机缸内燃气、活塞、活塞环、润滑油膜、气缸套和冷却介质作为一个耦合体,将三维瞬态热传导模型和润滑油膜传热模型引入流体动压润滑分析理论,建立了活塞环-气缸套的三维非稳态热混合润滑摩擦模型。利用该模型对一6110型柴油机的活塞环-气缸套进行了深入研究,探讨了表面粗糙度、活塞环平均基准压力对该摩擦副润滑摩擦性能的影响。研究表明,活塞组-气缸套间的固壁导热直接影响活塞环-气缸套的温度场,进而影响到该摩擦副的润滑摩擦状况;随活塞环平均基准压力的增大,膜厚变薄,油膜温度增加,粘度减小,油膜摩擦热除上死点附近有所增加外,其余部分基本上没有变化,说明对活塞环-气缸套系统进行三维润滑摩擦分析是非常必要的;当表面粗糙度增加后,油膜厚度、摩擦热、温度都有所增加,油膜粘度相应减小。

考虑侧壁摩阻的围岩裂隙中膨润土-砂混合物侵入过程及其模型

高放废物处置库建设与运营期间,作为缓冲/回填材料的高压实膨润土-砂混合物侵入裂隙,在降低围岩渗透性的同时,会引起膨润土的流失与可能的核素外泄,危及处置库的运营安全。针对膨润土-砂混合物侵入围岩裂隙问题,开发试验装置,开展不同裂隙宽度(0.1,0.3,0.5,1.0 mm)情况下,不同含砂率(0%,15%和30%)的膨润土-砂混合试样(石英砂粒径为0.075~0.1 mm)的裂隙侵入试验;利用预先设置的高精度数字相机,定时拍摄膨润土混合物侵入过程,再借助ImageJ图像处理软件,获取侵入距离以及附属(石英、长石与方石英等)与非附属矿物(蒙脱石等)环宽度等参数;基于入侵过程中膨胀力与裂隙侧壁摩阻力发展过程分析,构建并验证考虑侧壁摩阻的围岩裂隙膨润土侵入模型。结果表明:静水条件下,裂隙中膨润土的侵入距离、非附属与附属矿物环宽度等均随裂隙大小的增大显著增大,随含砂率增大明显减小;侵入达到平衡(稳定)后,挤出口处膨润土干密度随裂隙宽度的增大而减小,但随试样含砂率的增大而增大;附属矿物环区的摩擦系数明显大于非附属矿物环区的摩擦系数,即附属矿物环对膨润土侵入过程具有更强的抑制作用;考虑侧壁摩阻的膨润土侵入模型计算值能够较好地模拟实测值。侵入试验与模型研究可为实际处置库中膨润土的侵入行为预测提供依据。

谐波减速器中薄壁轴承接触载荷-应力计算仿真研究

针对经典滚动轴承力学特性的研究大多基于刚性套圈的假设,但无法应用于谐波减速器中发生套圈变形的薄壁轴承问题,基于柔性套圈变形假设得到薄壁轴承接触载荷-应力计算模型,并通过ANSYS建立薄壁轴承柔-柔接触三维有限元仿真模型。分析薄壁轴承装配受载引起套圈变形后滚动体接触载荷分布规律,研究薄壁轴承滚动体-滚道非理想接触下滚动体接触载荷-应力计算模型,指出传统刚性套圈假设、切片法分析薄壁轴承载荷分布以及估算薄壁轴承接触应力的局限性。通过理论数值计算和仿真结果对比,验证了基于柔性套圈假设分析薄壁轴承接触载荷-应力计算及仿真结果的合理性、准确性。

厚壁钛管轴向压缩塑性的应力-应变关系

基于环形试样轴压实验、有限元模拟、回归分析和遗传算法相结合的反求方法对厚壁钛管压缩状态下的塑性材料参数进行快速识别,利用试验方法研究机床弹性变形时TA18厚壁钛管不同圆环压缩试样高度下试样鼓肚率和机床弹性变形的变化情况,并在此基础上确定了试样高度范围,获得了试验力-位移曲线。利用反求方法确定了其压缩应力应变关系,并将其应用在不同高度钛管环形试样轴压模拟中,与试验进行对比,以发现反求获得的应力-应变曲线可以较好地预测钛管轴向压缩变形行为,对压缩试样变形后最大直径和载荷的预测误差分别不超过1.5%和11%。

PVC-U双壁波纹井管的环向破坏模式与承载力分析

针对ＰＶＣ－Ｕ双壁波纹井管的材料和结构特点，考虑成井工艺和运行时间的影响，分析了其环向破坏模式及承载力。分析表明，其危险工况是管外在封填中或封填后短时间内，表现为环向失稳破坏；其承载力的影响因素，一方面是材料的机械强度和管材的截面尺寸，另一方面是井管周围滤料的密实程度和成井工艺。文中还提出了两种典型荷载作用下其环向承载力计算公式。

薄环-紊动射流小孔挤压油膜阻尼器压力特性

为研究单层弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器(elastic ring squeeze film damper,ERSFD)的油膜压力特性,建立薄环-紊动射流小孔模型。通过平面薄环弯曲理论和普朗特边界层理论分别计算弹性环变形和阻尼孔出口净流速;分析弹性环柔度、阻尼孔直径及进动角变化对油膜压力特性的影响,并开展外腔油膜压力多转速测量试验。结果表明:外腔油膜压力随弹性环柔度的减小而下降,但随阻尼孔直径的减小而增加;对于内腔油膜压力,阻尼孔直径的影响与外腔相似,但减小弹性环柔度导致压力增加。试验表明,外腔油膜压力在不同转速下均同步方位角周期变化,而高转速时,压力幅值略有增加。

基于薄壁环压缩的铝合金管材应力-应变行为

采用环压缩实验研究LF2M铝合金薄壁管材在应变速率为0.1~1 s^(-1),成形温度为350~475℃条件下的应力-应变行为。提出一种薄壁环压缩的方法,得到薄壁管材热压下的变形行为。结果表明:环压缩试样的高度选择需要避免压缩过程中出现起皱缺陷。试样高厚比为1时,随着压缩量增加,切向压应力超过临界值引起起皱失稳;试样高厚比为3时,随着压缩量增加,压应力超过临界值,出现起皱现象;试样的高厚比为2时,压缩后试样无起皱缺陷。因此,壁厚为1 mm时,环压缩试样的最佳高度为2 mm。LF2M铝合金薄壁管材热变形过程中的流变应力可用双曲正弦本构关系来描述,平均激活能为160.67 kJ/mol。

活塞环-缸套二维润滑特性的研究

基于二维平均流量模型和微凸体接触模型，研究了活塞环的二维润滑特性，并考虑了活塞系统偏摆、润滑油粘度变化及表面粗糙度等因素的影响。通过计算获得了活塞环－缸套间油膜厚度的二维分布。结果表明，油膜厚度沿周向是不均匀的。本文还对活塞环开口位置及偏摆的影响做了定量的分析。

有缓冲间湿帘-风机系统对兔舍环境调控效果研究

为实现一套系统满足全年环境调控需求,试验选取两栋安装有“有缓冲间湿帘-风机系统”的兔舍,冬季其中一栋舍一台风机安装变频器,另一栋舍全为定速风机。结果表明,冬季定速风机常速间歇通风的兔舍导向板进风口的风速为1.8 m/s,进入舍内风速降至0.1m/s,每日首次开启风机10 min CO_2浓度降低67.2%,间歇通风每次温度平均降低0.8℃;使用变频风机低速持续通风的兔舍,导向板进风口风速0.2m/s,进入舍内风速降到了0.05m/s,开启风机CO_2浓度降低59.5%,温度降低0.3℃;两舍缓冲间预热能够分别提升气流温度2℃、1.4℃。夏季在舍外温度32.4~38.2℃时,舍内温度能维持在26℃左右,温度降幅为9.0℃,舍内温湿指数（THI）为25.9;外墙湿帘的降温效率为87.2%,内墙湿帘的降温效率为0。夏季缓冲间和进风口气流导向能够显著降低入舍风速（外墙湿帘过帘风速0.8m/s,导向板进风口风速1.9m/s,进入舍内风速0.3m/s）,且舍内气流分布均匀。综合环境指标说明,有缓冲间的湿帘-风机纵向通风系统克服了冬夏季进风端风速大、温度低的弊端,但舍内隔墙上的湿帘无降温潜力,建议去掉第一缓冲间及内墙湿帘。