The adjusting mining technology of combining fully mechanized with individual prop,rotating,hilt,irregular form,and double unit face on thin coal seam of Tianchen Mine

Analyzed the situations and characteristics of thin coal seam mining and its mining technologies,and introduced the mining innovation technology used by Tianchen Coal Mine of Zhaozhuang Coal Company of China.This innovation technology combined the fully mechanized mining with individual props,and the working face of mining is over length,irregular form and double units.The rotational adjusting mining technology on thin coal seam is also practiced in this new mining technology.The detail technologies,such as outlays of working face and ways,mining methods,equipments of cutting,transporting and sporting,have been introduced.So that,using the synthetic and creative mining tech- nologies,Tianchen Coal Mine solves the mining problems of thin coal seam successfully.

Pressure relief, gas drainage and deformation effects on an overlying coal seam induced by drilling an extra-thin protective coal seam

Numerical simulations and field tests were used to investigate the changes in ground stress and deformation of, and gas flow from, a protected coal seam under which an extra-thin coal seam was drilled. The geological conditions were: 0.5 meter mining height, 18.5 meter coal seam spacing and a hard limestone/fine sandstone inter-stratum. For these conditions we conclude: 1) the overlying coal-rock mass bends and sinks without the appearance of a caving zone, and 2) the protected coal seam is in the bending zone and undergoes expansion deformation in the stress-relaxed area. The deformation was 12 mm and the relative defor- mation was 0.15%. As mining proceeds, deformation in the protected layer begins as compression, then becomes a rapid expansion and, finally, reaches a stable value. A large number of bed separation crannies are created in the stress-relaxed area and the permeability coefficient of the coal seam was increased 403 fold. Grid penetration boreholes were evenly drilled toward the protected coal seam to affect pressure relief and gas drainage. This made the gas pressure decrease from 0.75 to 0.15 MPa, the gas content decrease from 13 to 4.66 m3/t and the gas drainage reach 64%.

新型螺旋钻采煤机的设计及试验

针对旧式螺旋钻采煤机工作过程存在机组体积庞大笨重、拆装钻杆难度大、效率低等问题,设计出一种适合400~500 mm厚极薄煤层开采的新型螺旋钻采煤机。采用四钻头结构,通过左右钻杆传递动力给前端传动齿轮箱,带动四个钻头同时钻进。该采煤机在试验过程中取得了良好的效果,提高了工作效率,降低了工人的劳动强度。

基于随机森林算法的薄煤层工作面开采效能预测研究

薄煤层开采环境恶劣,开采效能受井下多种因素影响。为研究各因素对开采效能的影响程度,预测薄煤层开采效能,首先,从130个已开采薄煤层工作面中提取了煤层厚度、工作面长度、煤层平均倾角、煤层硬度、煤层断层、煤层顶底板、煤层水文、煤层夹矸、瓦斯矿井类型、煤层自燃性、煤层稳定性、煤层层状起伏、采煤工艺、工作面月产量和工作面主要装备等15种开采效能影响因素,将其详细划分为20个影响因子;其次,筛选了37个数据较完整的工作面样本,并基于随机森林算法、网格搜索法和3折交叉验证法训练了薄煤层工作面开采效能最优预测模型,其测试集准确率约95.2%,R2为0.924;同时,最优模型绘制了开采效能影响权重图,月产量、采煤机装备、工作面长度和煤层厚度对开采效能影响较大,其他参数影响较小;最后,以双阳煤矿某薄煤层工作面为例,对其开采效能进行预测,并从工作面产量、工人工效和装备利用率三方面对预测值进行理论校验,校验结果在随机森林模型的预测范围内,验证了随机森林开采效能预测模型的可靠性,为薄煤层工作面开采设计提供了一种参考。

Experimental and theoretical investigation on mechanisms performance of the rock-coal-bolt(RCB)composite system

For coal mines,rock,coal,and rock bolt are the critical constituent materials for surrounding rock in the underground engineering.The stability of the“rock-coal-bolt”(RCB)composite system is affected by the structure and fracture of the coal-rock mass.More rock bolts installed on the rock,more complex condition of the engineering stress environment will be(tensile-shear composite stress is principal).In this paper,experimental analysis and theoretical verification were performed on the RCB composite system with different angles.The results revealed that the failure of the rock-coal(RC)composite specimen was caused by tensile and shear cracks.After anchoring,the reinforcement body formed inside the composite system limits the area where the crack could occur in the specimen.Specifically,shearing damage occurred only around the bolt,and the stress-strain curve presented a better post-peak mechanical property.The mechanical mechanism of the bolt under the combined action of tension and shear stress was analyzed.Additionally,a rock-coal-bolt tensile-shear mechanical(RCBTSM)model was established.The relationship(similar to the exponential function)between the bolt tensile-shear stress and the angle was obtained.Moreover,the influences of the dilatancy angle and bolt diameter of the RCB composite system were also considered and analyzed.Most of the bolts are subjected to the tensile-shearing action in the post-peak stage.The implications of these results for engineering practice indicated that the bolts of the RCB composite system should be prevented from entering the limit shearing state early.

近距离薄煤层群首采层卸压瓦斯协同抽采技术研究

为有效解决近距离薄煤层群开采首采层上、下邻近层大量卸压瓦斯涌入的治理问题,以某煤矿为研究对象,采用理论分析和数值模拟的方法,研究近距离薄煤层群开采条件下卸压瓦斯运移规律,并根据富集特征确定卸压瓦斯抽采钻孔的空间位置。研究结果表明:首采层开采覆岩导气裂隙带最大发育高为10.3~23.2 m。设计超大直径顺层预抽钻孔高0.8 m,宽2.08 m;顶板定向长钻孔终孔最优抽采位置为垂直距离开采层顶板15.0~23.0 m,水平距离回风侧20.5~27.5 m;2条埋管抽采最佳错距为距底板高1.1,1.7 m,深入采空区11.3,20.8 m。优化后的布置参数应用于现场实践,试验工作面回采期间上隅角瓦斯体积分数保持在0.7%以下。研究结果能够实现近距离薄煤层群开采条件下卸压瓦斯高效抽采,保证矿井安全高效生产。

A Comparative Study of the Coal-forming Characteristics of Marginal Sea Basins and Epicontinental Sea Basins

The coal-forming characteristics,as well as the similarities and differences between epicontinental sea basins and continental marginal sea basins developed during different time periods,were analyzed in this study by adopting comparative analysis thoughts and methods.The results obtained in this study revealed that epicontinental basins and marginal sea basins are both characterized by the main development of thin coal seams or extremely thin coal seams.In addition,changes in sea levels were determined to be the main controlling factors for coal formation,and there were similarities in the continent-sea interactions and coal-forming sedimentary systems of the different basins.However,there were also significant differences observed in the sea level change events,basin basement structural characteristics,coal seam stability levels,accumulation and aggregation characteristics,and the migration patterns of coal-forming materials.For example,the marginal sea basins in the South China Sea were found to be characterized by strong tectonic activities,diversity and complexity.The basin structures showed complex patterns of depressions,uplifts and concave or sag uplifts,which tended to lead to greater complexity in the paleogeographic patterns of the coal formations.This had subsequently resulted in complex coal-forming processes and paleogeographic characteristics,in which the coal-forming zones displayed bead-like distributions,and the enrichment areas and centers were scattered.The practical significance of studying the similarities and differences of the coal-forming characteristics between epicontinental basins and marginal sea basins is that the results can potentially be used to guide the predictions of coal-measure coal seam distributions in South China Sea,as well as provide valuable guidance for future explorations of natural gas reservoirs related to coal measures in the South China Sea area.

我国“十四五”煤层气勘探开发新进展与前景展望

煤层气开发有助于推动我国早日实现碳达峰碳中和目标。我国煤层气开发已基本实现产业化,但受理论技术等因素制约,发展规模与丰富的资源条件不匹配。“十四五”以来,我国煤层气勘探开发取得5个方面的新进展:一是我国开始进入深层煤层气规模开发新阶段,煤层气产量增速明显加快;二是深层煤层气勘探开发取得重大突破,极大拓展了产业发展空间;三是老气田低效区、薄煤层等难采资源增产改造效果显著;四是与“十三五”期间相比,攻关领域由中—浅层煤层气为主转为以深层煤层气为主,以水平井大规模分段压裂技术为代表的煤层气理论技术在地质认识、钻完井、压裂、排采四大关键环节均取得重大创新,产气效果明显提升;五是煤层气产业发展政策环境持续优化。初步研判,我国深层煤层气资源丰富,埋深大于1500m的煤层气资源量约是1500m以浅的资源量2倍以上;我国已探明煤层气储量以中—浅层为主,但采出程度仅为7%,剩余资源规模可观,而老气田还发育丰富的薄煤层气,已证实是现实接替资源。因此,深层煤层气的重大突破和老气田增产改造的成功成为引领我国煤层气产业加速发展的主要推动力,发展前景良好。在综合多家机构和专家研究结果的基础上,研究认为我国煤层气产量2025年有望达到100×10^(8)m^(3),2035年达到300×10^(8)m^(3)。但我国煤层气快速发展面临着深煤层、薄煤层等新领域煤层气地质理论认识有待深入系统研究,深层煤层气勘探开发工程技术仍处于攻关阶段,产业发展政策支持力度仍有待完善等挑战。因此,建议加强新领域煤层气风险勘探和选区评价、加强高效勘探开发理论技术攻关以及加强煤层气产业政策支持和发展引导。

基于匹配追踪算法的薄煤层强反射分离参数优选方法

近年来,基于匹配追踪算法的强反射分离方法在不同强反射类型的实际资料应用中取得了较好的效果,但该算法关键参数的选择缺乏理论依据和标准,相关研究较少。为此,在薄煤层强反射分离过程中,明确子波相位和分离系数两个关键参数的含义,提出基于匹配追踪算法的薄煤层强反射分离参数优选方法,以进一步提高薄煤层强反射表征的精度,更好地开展强反射分离和储层预测。首先根据不同强反射储层类型对应的强反射子波特征进行分类,分析薄煤层强反射相位参数特征;然后基于钻井处反射系数计算及分离方法,确定强、弱反射的能量关系,估算分离系数,提高强反射分离效果。实际应用结果表明,该方法对薄煤层强反射特征的识别更加准确,分离的效果有明显提升;突出了储层弱反射特征,可为储层精细预测提供较好的资料基础。

“三硬”薄煤层沿空留巷围岩破坏特征及控制技术研究

为解决薄煤层沿空留巷应力条件复杂、留巷难度大以及巷道围岩长时稳定性的难题,以陕西汇森煤业凉水井煤矿4301工作面为研究对象,采用理论分析、数值模拟、工程实践等方法,对浅埋“三硬”薄煤层沿空留巷围岩破坏特征及控制对策进行研究,分析巷旁支护体结构参数对于巷道稳定性的影响。结果表明:给顶板提供充足的支护强度以及合适的可缩量,是巷旁充填体整体稳定的前提;高水充填材料单轴加压下的力学行为可分为“均匀压密、弹性变形、动态失稳、劣化破坏”4个阶段;在充填体宽度增加过程中,最大应力表现为先增后减再增的趋势,在充填体1.6 m宽时出现稳定承载应力核;理论计算的切顶最佳高度为10.7 m。工程实践表明,工作面后方60 m范围无大变形和明显应力集中,围岩整体控制效果良好、结构稳定,留巷效果达到设计要求。

浅埋极薄煤层无煤柱开采覆岩运移与地表损伤特征研究

为了探究浅埋极薄煤层切顶卸压无煤柱开采与常规留煤柱开采覆岩运移与地表损伤区别,以子长矿区浅埋极薄煤层为背景,基于关键层理论,得到了硬岩破断距及覆岩的垮落高度临界值的计算公式,结合3DEC数值模拟及现场试验,对比分析了无煤柱开采与留煤柱开采条件下浅埋极薄煤层覆岩运移破断及地表损伤特征,确定了极薄煤层覆岩两带高度。结果表明:当工作面回采达到60 m时,两带发育高度基本稳定,当大于60 m时,工作面后方覆岩裂隙由开裂逐渐闭合,裂隙区随工作面回采向前方移动,两带高度稳定在24.6~27.7 m;相较于常规留煤柱开采,切顶留巷无煤柱开采方式下覆岩呈连续移动变形,可有效修复煤层开采工作面两侧非连续移动变形导致的覆岩裂隙及地表损伤裂缝,消除了常规留煤柱开采方式下相邻工作面间区段煤柱两侧覆岩裂隙,现场观测较好地验证了该结果。

基于覆岩破断特征的极薄煤层工作面支架工作阻力确定

延安子长矿区极薄煤层分布广泛,因赋存煤炭为稀缺配焦煤,回采价值较高,但该矿区未有过开采极薄煤层的先例,开采过程中面临支架选型不合理的问题,且国内在该方面的研究成果较少,因此,以禾草沟二号煤矿极薄煤层综采工作面为背景,通过数值模拟、理论分析等研究了极薄煤层综采工作面顶板覆岩结构破断特征及其演化过程,建立了采场顶板岩梁断裂前后力学解析模型,获得了极薄煤层综采工作面直接顶周期破断距,确定了合理支架工作阻力。结果表明:极薄煤层工作面开采初期顶板垮落后会较快的对上覆岩层形成支撑,至顶板极限跨距后,直接顶与基本顶周期破断,且基本顶破断位置位于直接顶破断线前方,两者间存在离层空间,共同回转下沉;工作面液压支架主要受直接顶回转载荷作用,其作用载荷为3 980.89 kN,确定支架选型为ZZ4000/6.5/13D四柱支撑掩护式液压支架;现场应用后,可以有效发挥支架支护性能,满足采场围岩控制要求。研究成果为国内极薄煤层开采工作面支架选型提供了一定的参考。

公路低瓦斯隧道穿越薄煤层施工技术研究

公路工程中,薄煤层地质条件复杂,且大多含有瓦斯,给实际施工带来较多困难。对此,文中提出公路低瓦斯隧道穿越薄煤层施工技术研究:首先,采用物探与超前钻孔对煤层瓦斯进行勘察;其次,对穿越薄煤层的隧道进行衬砌施工,确保稳定安全,进行揭煤、防突施工,了解煤层的分布,做好风险规避;最后,对煤层段进行隧道掘进施工。根据工程概况,文中确定了施工工艺流程,对隧道内瓦斯工区进行瓦斯监测,监测结果表明,选取的1至6瓦斯工区检测点24 h平均瓦斯浓度均低于0.3%,平均瓦斯涌出量均低于0.5 m^(3)/min,说明该项目施工没有造成隧道内瓦斯浓度增加,施工效果良好。

基于薄煤层开切眼的锚网索联合支护研究与应用

为提高薄煤层工作面回撤速度,更加安全高效地实现薄煤层工作面的开采。以平煤二矿己17-23010开切眼为对象,研究该开切眼开采前后顶板的破坏机理,并探索锚网索联合支护下开切眼巷道的支护效果。研究表明,开切眼顶板岩体的失稳源于开采扰动的影响,在轴向力和岩体自重的双重影响下发生失稳破坏;与传统的棚式支护相比,锚网索联合支护能极大提高薄煤层开切眼的安全性并提高开采效率,因此建议在薄煤层开切眼中推广采用该种支护。

ZCDL系列薄煤层智能填充液压支架系统结构研究

针对山东枣庄某矿区采煤工艺大多为高档普采,由于没有综采液压支架的辅助导致该采煤工艺用人多、产量低、回填时安全隐患大的问题,结合垂直导杆轻型液压支架结构的技术优势,设计了一种适合薄煤层填充的智能轻型液压支架。该支架安全可靠、投资少、收益率高,同时又能有效减少井下采煤工作面人员数量。

采煤机截割部振动特性研究

为了解决采煤机截割部截割夹矸煤层易损坏的问题,以MG2×55/250-BW型薄煤层采煤机为研究对象,利用数值模拟软件对滚筒截割过程进行仿真研究,发现随着截割时间的增大,此时滚筒受载呈现不规律波动情况。同时对不同牵引速度及滚筒转速下滚筒受载均值及极值进行研究,发现随着牵引速度的增大,此时的螺旋滚筒受载均值及受载最大值均呈现出逐步增大的趋势;而随着滚筒转速的增大,此时滚筒受载的均值及最大值均呈现逐步降低的趋势;给出最佳牵引速度为4.5 m/min、滚筒转速为85 r/min,此时的截割效率及截割系数综合较佳。

薄煤层膏体充填液压支架设计

根据某矿801工作面煤层赋存条件,结合薄煤层液压支架和膏体充填工艺的特点,设计了一种四柱支撑式薄煤层膏体充填液压支架。详细介绍了ZC6400/11/19D型薄煤层膏体充填液压支架的选型依据、结构特点和基本功能,为薄煤层工作面提供了合理、可靠、安全、高效的膏体充填液压支架。

叠加扰动下的薄煤层采煤机自主调速截割控制技术

常规采煤机调速截割控制多采用直接转矩控制技术,该方法易受到煤层应力集中系数的影响,导致控制后的截割比能耗较大,控制效果不佳。为此,提出叠加扰动下的薄煤层采煤机自主调速截割控制技术。根据薄煤层力学模型,分析采煤机滚筒在叠加扰动下的受力情况,并参照煤层的临界宽度计算煤层的应力集中系数,结合截齿修正函数对煤层截割阻抗进行识别,分析采煤机的截割运动参数,并对其进行优化。采用模糊控制原理,设计调速截割控制策略,通过调整截割阻力范围实现对采煤机调速截割控制。以实际采煤矿区为例,运用所提方法对实验采煤机进行自主调速截割控制。结果表明,设计的方法能够良好地控制采煤机的牵引速度,得到的截割比能耗较低。

极薄煤层端头支架与巷道围岩数值模拟

根据双阳煤矿极薄煤层巷道地质条件,设计了极薄煤层端头支架,分析并计算该支架主要承受的静载荷、动载荷、冲击载荷;运用3DEC软件分析极薄煤层巷道在有、无极薄煤层端头支架支护条件下围岩应力云图以及支护过程中受力曲线,从而确定合理的工作阻力。数值模拟结果表明:在水平、垂直应力场中巷道围岩应力减少20%;确定极薄煤层端头支架工作阻力为3 000 kN;支架随距离不断增加,受力整体趋势增加。