The type, morphology and sources of inclusion in steels, including indigenous and exogenous inclusions, were discussed and reviewed. Indigenous inclusions are deoxidation products or inclusions precipitated during coo...The type, morphology and sources of inclusion in steels, including indigenous and exogenous inclusions, were discussed and reviewed. Indigenous inclusions are deoxidation products or inclusions precipitated during cooling and solidification of steel. Exogenous inclusions arise primarily from the incidental chemical （reoxidation） and mechanical interaction of liquid steel with its surroundings （slag entrainment and erosion of lining refractory）. Types and causes for the nozzle clogging were also summarized. Reasons for bubble formation and bubble size distribution in steels were discussed thereafter. Finally, morphology and causes of inclusion-related defects in continuously cast steel products were reviewed, such as flange cracking in cans, slag spots and line defects on strips.展开更多
The influence of calcium treatment on non-metallic inclusions had been studied when control technology of refining top slag in ladle furnace was used in ultra-low oxygen steelmaking. A sufficient amount aluminium was ...The influence of calcium treatment on non-metallic inclusions had been studied when control technology of refining top slag in ladle furnace was used in ultra-low oxygen steelmaking. A sufficient amount aluminium was added to experimental heats for final deoxidizing during BOF tapping, and the refining top slag with strong reducibility, high basicity and high Al2O3 in ladle furnace was used to produce ultra-low oxygen steel and the transformation of nonmetallic inclusions in molten steel was compared by calcium treatment and no calcium treatment. The results show that the transformation of Al2O3--MgO - Al2O3 spinel-CaO-MgO-Al2O3 complex inclusions has been completed for aluminum deoxidation products and calcium treatment to molten steel is unnecessary when using the control technology of ladle furnace refining top slag to produce ultra-low oxygen steel, and the complex inclusions are liquid at the temperature of steelmaking and easily removable to obtain very high cleanliness steel by flotation. Further- more, the problems of nozzle clogging in casting operations do not happen and the remaining oxide inclusions in steel are the relatively lower melting point complex inclusions.展开更多
The present work deals with thermodynamic modeling of oxide systems, in the context of slags and inclusions in steelmaking. The work has emphasis on oxides encountered during the production of tire – cord steel. Cont...The present work deals with thermodynamic modeling of oxide systems, in the context of slags and inclusions in steelmaking. The work has emphasis on oxides encountered during the production of tire – cord steel. Control of inclusion chemistry and variation in eutectic temperature and eutectic composition of MnO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag system have been studied, using Thermo-CalcR software. Relatively low liquidus temperatures are obtained for ratio of MnO / SiO2 = 0.5 - 1.5 and Al2O3 content from 10 - 20 mass%. It has been observed that the addition of Alumina leads to further increase in the liquidus temperature. The stability of inclusions is analyzed in terms of free energy values of related slag systems; and an appropriate minimum of Gibbs free energy value of slag phase observed at around 50 ppm of Oxygen. The observations could not be verified using thermodynamic experiments, but have been compared with findings in the open literature.展开更多
某公司采用130 t EAF-LF-RH-CC工艺路线冶炼钙硫系易切削齿轮钢817M40QT(出口德国),通过控制钢水纯净度、夹杂物形态组成、精准钙处理、精炼渣系控制、连铸防卷渣防氧化控制,实现由连铸替代模铸,并具备钙硫系易切削齿轮钢连浇8炉以上能...某公司采用130 t EAF-LF-RH-CC工艺路线冶炼钙硫系易切削齿轮钢817M40QT(出口德国),通过控制钢水纯净度、夹杂物形态组成、精准钙处理、精炼渣系控制、连铸防卷渣防氧化控制,实现由连铸替代模铸,并具备钙硫系易切削齿轮钢连浇8炉以上能力,且钢中的夹杂物水平能控制在:A类(细系/粗系):1.5/1.5;B类(细系/粗系):0.5/0.5;C类(细系/粗系):0/0;D类(细系/粗系):1.0/0.5,满足高纯净度要求。展开更多
文摘The type, morphology and sources of inclusion in steels, including indigenous and exogenous inclusions, were discussed and reviewed. Indigenous inclusions are deoxidation products or inclusions precipitated during cooling and solidification of steel. Exogenous inclusions arise primarily from the incidental chemical （reoxidation） and mechanical interaction of liquid steel with its surroundings （slag entrainment and erosion of lining refractory）. Types and causes for the nozzle clogging were also summarized. Reasons for bubble formation and bubble size distribution in steels were discussed thereafter. Finally, morphology and causes of inclusion-related defects in continuously cast steel products were reviewed, such as flange cracking in cans, slag spots and line defects on strips.
基金Item Sponsored by National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB630806)
文摘The influence of calcium treatment on non-metallic inclusions had been studied when control technology of refining top slag in ladle furnace was used in ultra-low oxygen steelmaking. A sufficient amount aluminium was added to experimental heats for final deoxidizing during BOF tapping, and the refining top slag with strong reducibility, high basicity and high Al2O3 in ladle furnace was used to produce ultra-low oxygen steel and the transformation of nonmetallic inclusions in molten steel was compared by calcium treatment and no calcium treatment. The results show that the transformation of Al2O3--MgO - Al2O3 spinel-CaO-MgO-Al2O3 complex inclusions has been completed for aluminum deoxidation products and calcium treatment to molten steel is unnecessary when using the control technology of ladle furnace refining top slag to produce ultra-low oxygen steel, and the complex inclusions are liquid at the temperature of steelmaking and easily removable to obtain very high cleanliness steel by flotation. Further- more, the problems of nozzle clogging in casting operations do not happen and the remaining oxide inclusions in steel are the relatively lower melting point complex inclusions.
文摘The present work deals with thermodynamic modeling of oxide systems, in the context of slags and inclusions in steelmaking. The work has emphasis on oxides encountered during the production of tire – cord steel. Control of inclusion chemistry and variation in eutectic temperature and eutectic composition of MnO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag system have been studied, using Thermo-CalcR software. Relatively low liquidus temperatures are obtained for ratio of MnO / SiO2 = 0.5 - 1.5 and Al2O3 content from 10 - 20 mass%. It has been observed that the addition of Alumina leads to further increase in the liquidus temperature. The stability of inclusions is analyzed in terms of free energy values of related slag systems; and an appropriate minimum of Gibbs free energy value of slag phase observed at around 50 ppm of Oxygen. The observations could not be verified using thermodynamic experiments, but have been compared with findings in the open literature.
文摘某公司采用130 t EAF-LF-RH-CC工艺路线冶炼钙硫系易切削齿轮钢817M40QT(出口德国),通过控制钢水纯净度、夹杂物形态组成、精准钙处理、精炼渣系控制、连铸防卷渣防氧化控制,实现由连铸替代模铸,并具备钙硫系易切削齿轮钢连浇8炉以上能力,且钢中的夹杂物水平能控制在:A类(细系/粗系):1.5/1.5;B类(细系/粗系):0.5/0.5;C类(细系/粗系):0/0;D类(细系/粗系):1.0/0.5,满足高纯净度要求。
