Numerical analysis of flow-thermal coupling in micro-plasma welding pool of thin-wall part

The formed characteristics of thin-wall part is studied when it is in the process of MPAW. Finite element method is used to sinmlate the temperature field coupling flow field in the welding of thin-wall part. It is found that because of the obvious effect of heat accumution in cross-section, where the distribution of temperature field area presents trapezoidal inverted approximately in the molten pool and the non-molten pool area presents level. The surface tension, the electromagnetic force and buoyancy are considered for analyzing the effects on the fluid flow of welding-pool. It can be obtained that the surface tension is the main driving force in the welding pool, which is far greater than electromagnetic force and buoyancy.

Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Funnel Shaped Mold of Thin Slab Continuous Caster

Thin slab casting is used widely in the world. The control of molten steel flow and solidification in the mold is difficult due to the high casting speed and complicated configuration of the mold. Numerical simulation was carried out to study the fluid flow and heat transfer in the funnel shaped mold. The influence of nozzle design, casting speed and nozzle submersion depth on the flow and temperature fields in the mold was investigated, and guidance for selecting configurations of submerged nozzle was obtained.

Modeling of unsteadiness of fluid flows and level fluctuations in thin slab continuous casting moulds

Unsteady fluid flows and level fluctuations in a thin slab continuous casting mould have significant influence on product quality. In this study, the phenomena concerning transient flow features and free surface motions were analyzed by means of the large eddy simulation （LES） software with the smagorinsky SGS model--VisualCast （VCast） II, where the Simpler algorithm on a body-fitted mesh was used to resolve governing equations. A series of water analog experiments on the fluid flow and the surface wave in the moulds of thin slab continuous casting were also performed. The results of fluid regions, middle of vortex and level fluctuation from digital simulations were identical with the results of the water analog experiments.

On study of horizontal thin film flow of Sisko fluid due to surface tension gradient

The present paper is concerned with the steady thin film flow of the Sisko fluid on a horizontal moving plate, where the surface tension gradient is a driving mechanism. The analytic solution for the resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equation is obtained by the Adomian decomposition method （ADM）. The physical quantities are derived including the pressure profile, the velocity profile, the maximum residue time, the stationary points, the volume flow rate, the average film velocity, the uniform film thickness, the shear stress, the surface tension profile~ and the vorticity vector. It is found that the velocity of the Sisko fluid film decreases when the fluid behavior index and the Sisko fluid parameter increase, whereas it increases with an increase in the inverse capillary number. An increase in the inverse capillary number results in an increase in the surface tension which in turn results in an increase in the surface tension gradient on the Sisko fluid film. The locations of the stationary points are shifted towards the moving plate with the increase in the inverse capillary number, and vice versa locations for the stationary points are found with the increasing Sisko fluid parameter. Furthermore, shear thinning and shear thickening characteristics of the Sisko fluid are discussed. A comparison is made between the Sisko fluid film and the Newtonian fluid film.

Application of He’s Variational Iterative Method for Solving Thin Film Flow Problem Arising in Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics

In this paper, He’s variational iteration method is successfully employed to solve a nonlinear boundary value problem arising in the study of thin film flow of a third grade fluid down an inclined plane. For comparison, the same problem is solved by the Adomian decomposition method. The results show that the difference between the two solutions is negligible. The conclusion is that this technique may be considered an alternative and efficient method for finding approximate solutions of both linear and nonlinear boundary value problems. Furthermore, the variational iteration method has an advantage over the decomposition method in that it solves the nonlinear problems without using the Adomian polynomials.

薄层水流冲刷条件下斜坡土体的临界起动

斜坡土体侵蚀是丘陵地区和水库岸坡普遍存在的灾害现象,其主要动力因素是降雨或者波浪上爬产生的薄层水流对土体产生的冲刷剪切作用。为探索水流冲刷作用下的斜坡土体临界起动条件,采用自主研发的冲刷起动试验装置,开展斜坡土体的冲刷起动试验和理论研究。通过颗粒染色和高倍数电子显微等技术手段观测无黏性土颗粒的起动现象,确定了无黏性岸坡土体的起动模式与水流流速的相互关系;探索了不同干密度、不同黏粒含量及不同坡度与黏土斜坡临界起动流速的相互关系,土体的黏粒含量、干密度及坡度对黏性土体的起动流速影响较大,与干密度和土体坡度相比,黏粒含量对黏土斜坡的起动流速影响更为明显。验证了无黏性岸坡土体的临界起动方程,其中滚动起动流速方程具有较强的可靠性;基于黏土的起动模式构建了黏土斜坡的起动力学平衡方程,获得了黏土斜坡半经验半理论的起动流速方程,用试验结果求解了起动流速方程的相关参数,最终确定的起动流速公式与试验结果拟合度较好,同时验证了起动流速公式的可靠性。

AN IMPLICIT ALGORITHM OF THIN LAYER EQUATIONS IN VISCOUS，TRANSONIC，TWO－PHASE NOZZLE FLOW

Omitting viscosity along flow direction, we have simplified the dimensionless N-Sequations in arbitrary curved coordinate system as the thin layer equations. Using theimplicit approximate-factorization algorithm to solve the gas-phase governing equ-ations and the characteristic method to follow the tracks of particles, we then obtainedthe full coupled numerical method of two-phase.transonic, turbulent flow. Here, par- ticle size may be grouped, the subsonic boundary condition at entry of nozzle is ireatedby quasi-characteristic method in reference plane and the algebraic model is used forturbulent flow. These methods are applied in viscous two-phase flow. calculation of ro-cket nozzle and in the prediciton of thrust and specific impulse for solid propellant ro-cket motor. The calculation results are in good agreement with the measurerment va-lues. Moreover, the influences of different particle radius, different particle mass frac-tion and particle size grouped on flow field have been discussed, and the influences of particle two-dimensional radial velosity component and viscosity on specific impulse ofrocket motor have been analysed.The method of this paper possesses the advantage of saving computer time. More important, the effect is more obvious for the calculation of particle size being grouped.

动车组锥齿轮箱飞溅润滑特性及箱体结构改进

为了分析动车组齿轮箱的润滑机理,以某型螺旋锥齿轮传动齿轮箱为研究对象,运用移动粒子半隐式(MPS)法建立高精度的流场仿真模型.引入薄膜流动模型,对无滑移壁面边界条件进行改进,使移动粒子半隐式法具有预测液膜流动特性的功能.研究输入齿轮转速、初始润滑油量对箱体内壁和齿轮表面的润滑油覆盖率、油膜分布特性及功率损失的影响.结果表明,箱体内壁面的润滑油覆盖率和液膜厚度主要受润滑油飞溅效应的影响,齿轮表面受到润滑油飞溅效应和自身运动的共同影响.功率损失分析显示,功率损失与输入齿轮转速和初始润滑油油量均呈正相关关系,对高转速更敏感.对箱体结构进行改进,消除箱体凸台,扩大与输出齿轮的距离,该措施可以显著改善齿轮箱的润滑条件.

全吸力范围非饱和持水函数和渗透性函数的预测模型

非饱和土的持水函数和渗透性函数是刻画其持水能力和水分运移的基本参数。由于物理机制不同,持水函数及渗透性函数在毛细阶段和吸附阶段的特征有显著差异。多数传统的持水和渗透性函数仅考虑了毛细阶段内,毛细水的持水和渗透特性,不能表征吸附阶段内吸附水的特征。为使传统函数模型在吸附阶段也适用,以传统VG持水函数和VG-M渗透性函数为基础,用修正参数C(ψ)修正VG持水函数,并以此确定非饱和土的残余值ψr,区分毛细水的毛细流动和吸附水的薄膜流动。基于薄膜流动的特点,提出参数Γ(ψ),改进了传统VG-M渗透性函数在吸附阶段内低估非饱和渗透系数这一问题,从而建立了全吸力范围的渗透性函数模型。最后用3组持水及渗透性试验结果验证修正模型的合理性,结果表明修正持水函数模型和渗透性函数模型的预测结果在吸附阶段较传统模型更符合实测结果。

基于激光热成像的薄膜面向导热系数测试方法

提出一种基于激光热成像的薄膜面向导热系数测试方法。仿真论证了激光加热相较于常规电加热方案的热损失差异;分析了激光加热功率、表面换热系数、测温模型增益系数等关键参数标定问题,并设计了相应的方案。基于15个不同材料或厚度的薄膜和薄片样品进行了实验,测试结果和参考值相对偏差均<6%,其中导热系数<3 W/(m·K)的样品测试误差显著优于常规方法,这表明该方法可有效改善热流环路积分法对低导热薄膜的测试精度。

挤出过程中热塑性弹性体SIS剪切粘度的研究

研究了3种热塑性弹性体SIS(SIS1105、SIS1209和SIS5562)在挤出过程中的剪切粘度η。结果表明,3种SIS的粘度曲线均表现出“剪切变稀”的特性,即剪切粘度η随剪切速率的增大而降低。3种SIS的零剪切粘度η0分别在180℃、170℃和160℃附近发生了显著的下降,这归因于SIS体系内部发生了粘-流转变。通过Carreau、Cross和Carreau-Yasuda粘度模型对其剪切粘度的主曲线η/η0~η0进行拟合研究,得到了可以描述剪切粘度η随剪切速率而变化的半经验方程η=η0·f(·η0)。

基于改进薄板样条运动模型的人脸动画算法

面部动画在电影、游戏、虚拟现实等领域起着关键作用,对于实现逼真、生动的人脸动画和情感传达至关重要。当面临面部形状、姿态、表情等多个变化因素时,虽然通过薄板样条非线性变换可以获得较好的运动估计结果,但在处理面部复杂纹理和嘴部运动时存在运动估计不精细的问题,需要更强大的图像修复能力。因此,提出一种基于改进薄板样条运动模型(TPSMM)的人脸动画算法。首先,在TPSMM的基础上引入一种Farneback光流金字塔算法,通过与薄板样条变换和背景仿射变换相结合,使得人脸局部运动估计更精准;其次,为了更真实地恢复缺失区域的细节纹理信息,提出一种多尺度细节感知网络,该网络在编码器中通过嵌入通道注意力(ECA)模块减少源图像因多层下采样而导致的人脸细节信息丢失,在解码器中利用坐标注意力(CA)模块来有效捕获运动估计特征图中不同位置的重要特征,提高人脸图像的生成质量。实验结果表明,相比一阶段运动模型(FOMM)、关节动画的运动表示法(MRAA)、TPSMM等,该算法在MUG、UvA-Nemo和Oulu-CASIA数据集上的L1、平均关键点距离(AKD)、平均欧氏距离(AED)数值均达到最优,平均分别为0.0129、0.923、0.00099。

基于“任主胞宫”理论探讨针灸治疗薄型子宫内膜不孕症临床疗效

目的:探究基于“任主胞宫”理论针灸治疗薄型子宫内膜不孕症患者临床疗效。方法:选取薄型子宫内膜不孕症患者80例,根据患者意愿纳入对照组(40例)与观察组(40例)。对照组常规服用拜耳戊酸雌二醇片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用基于“任主胞宫”理论针灸治疗,评估治疗后两组子宫内膜厚度、A型子宫内膜形态占比、子宫内膜血流微循环[子宫内膜下血流搏动指数(PI)与阻力指数(RI)]、雌激素含量[黄体期雌激素(E2)、孕酮(P)和促卵泡生成素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)等性激素]及1年内妊娠情况。结果:治疗后观察组子宫内膜厚度高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组A型子宫内膜形态比例高于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗前PI与RI比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),治疗后观察组PI与RI水平低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组E2、P与LH水平高于对照组,而FSH水平低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组一年内妊娠率50.00%,对照组为25.00%,观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:基于“任主胞宫”理论针灸可提升薄型子宫内膜不孕症患者的子宫内膜厚度,促进子宫内膜生长,并可改善患者子宫内膜内血流微循环及生殖相关激素水平,提高1年内妊娠率,可优化临床疗效。

综采工作面风流及粉尘运移规律研究

为研究薄煤层综采工作面风流及粉尘运移规律,利用Fluent软件对双阳煤矿薄煤层综采工作面风流及不同产尘工序产生的粉尘运移进行数值模拟。结果表明:双阳煤矿薄煤层综采工作面风流基本规律为突然升高,再缓慢下降,最后趋于稳定;粉尘浓度出现聚集区域为移架工作区域和采煤机滚筒截割处;粉尘在人行横道空间整体扩散并不明显,在底板上存在沉积现象。为后续薄煤层综采工作面雾滴运移及降尘研究提供了前提。

定坤丹联合宫腔灌注自体富血小板血浆治疗对薄型子宫内膜患者的影响

目的探讨定坤丹联合宫腔灌注自体富血小板血浆(PRP)治疗改善薄型子宫内膜患者的效果。方法选取60例薄型子宫内膜患者作为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组和研究组,每组30例。对照组行宫腔灌注自体PRP治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上行定坤丹治疗。比较两组患者治疗总有效率,治疗前后子宫动脉血流参数、子宫内膜厚度和血清因子指标,以及治疗期间的不良反应发生率。结果治疗后,研究组治疗总有效率、子宫内膜厚度,以及血清血小板衍生生长因子-AB、血小板衍生因子-BB、血管内皮生长因子和转化生长因子-β1水平均高/大于对照组,子宫动脉血流搏动指数、子宫动脉血流阻力指数、子宫动脉血流收缩期峰值流速/舒张末期流速均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗期间,研究组不良反应总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论定坤丹联合宫腔灌注自体PRP治疗可改善薄型子宫内膜患者的子宫动脉血流和子宫内膜厚度,并增加血清细胞生长因子的表达水平,且不良反应小。

高空高马赫数侧向喷流数值模拟

高空环境下,侧向喷流在飞行器的姿态转换及热防护方面起到关键作用,同时也由于来流稀薄,直接模拟蒙特卡洛方法(DSMC)对侧向喷流干扰流场的模拟具有很好的适用性。在非结构网格计算的DSMC数值算法的基础上,针对喷流的高密度区及激波区提出了一种自适应网格技术,可以用于对高空稀薄区的大气来流与侧向喷流的干扰流场进行模拟预测。通过模拟二维平板侧向喷流,对编制的算法可靠性进行验证,研究了时间步长对流场模拟结果的影响及其数值的选取原则,并模拟计算了不同喷流/来流压力比下的复杂干扰流场结构和气动力的变化规律。

Overburden failure and the prevention of water and sand inrush during coal mining under thin bedrock

Coal mining under thin bedrock or thick unconsolidated soil layers brings mining problems related to these special geological conditions. The meaning of the term ''thin bedrock'' is defined through the thick- ness statistics of the coal seam and the bedrock layer. The coal-bearing strata having thick, unconsoli- dated aquifers and thin bedrock located at the Taiping Coal Mine in Shandong province were taken as a geological prototype for subsequent study. The geological, hydro-geological and engineering character- istics of the thin bedrock were analyzed. An engineering geological model was than established. Overbur- den failure and the development of ''Three Zones'' were studied by physical model tests. The rupture pattern and rock failure were analyzed for mining conditions under thin bedrock. The height of the caving zone and the freely flowing water fractured zone of different mining thicknesses were separately calcu- lated. The results show that a mining thickness greater than 3.5 m causes the height of the freely flowing water fractured zone to be sufficient to touch the weathered zone and the bottom of the Quaternary sys- tem aquifer, to various degrees. This, then, would lead to water and sand inrush into the working face. Measures to prevent water and sand flow inrush disasters by eliminating the power source are put fore- word. A field dewatering scheme was designed and observational data were obtained. The dewatering project had an obvious effect and the water level at working face number 8309 dropped to a safe level. The average draw down of the groundwater was observed to be 7.86 m. This showed that the dewatering project played a role in decreasing the hydraulic pressure and ensuring safety mining.

Development of ToSPACE for Pipe Wall Thinning Management in Nuclear Power Plants

A number of piping components in the secondary system of nuclear power plants are exposed to aging mechanisms such as FAC (Flow-Accelerated Corrosion), cavitation, flashing, SPE (Solid Particle Erosion), LDIE (Liquid Droplet Impingement Erosion), etc. Those mechanisms may lead to thinning, leak, or rupture of the components. Due to the pipe ruptures caused by wall thinning in Surry unit 2 of USA in 1986 and in Mihama unit 3 of Japan in 1994, the pipe wall thinning management has emerged as one of the most important issues in nuclear power plants. To manage the pipe wall thinning in the secondary system, Korea has used a foreign program since 1996. As using the foreign country’s program for long term, it was necessary to improve from the perspective of the users. Accordingly, KEPCO-E & C has started to develop the 3D-based pipe wall thinning management program (ToSPACE, Total Solution for Piping And Component Engineering management) from eight years ago, and the development was successful. This paper describes the major functions included in ToSPACE program, such as 3D-based DB (Database) buildup, development of FAC and erosion evaluation theories, UT (Ultra-sonic Test) data reliability analysis, field connection with 3D, automatic establishment of long-term inspection plan, etc. ToSPACE program was developed to allow site engineers performing the selection of inspection quantity at each refueling outage, UT data reliability analysis, UT evaluation, determination of next inspection timing, identification of the inspecting and replacing components in 3D drawings, etc., to access easily.

Effect of oxygen partial pressure and transparent substrates on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films and their performance in energy harvesters

Zinc oxide(ZnO) thin films were deposited onto different substrates — tin-doped indium oxide(ITO)/glass, ITO/polyethylene naphthalate(PEN), ITO/polyethylene terephthalate(PET) — by the radio-frequency(RF) magnetron sputtering method. The effect of various O2/(Ar+O2) gas flow ratios(0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6) was studied in detail. ZnO layers deposited onto ITO/PEN and ITO/PET substrates exhibited a stronger c-axis preferred orientation along the(0002) direction compared to ZnO deposited onto ITO/glass. The transmittance spectra of ZnO films showed that the maximum transmittances of ZnO films deposited onto ITO/glass, ITO/PEN, and ITO/PET substrates were 89.2%, 65.0%, and 77.8%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images of the film surfaces indicated that the grain was uniform. The cross-sectional SEM images showed that the ZnO films were columnar structures whose c-axis was perpendicular to the film surface. The test results for a fabricated ZnO thin film based energy harvester showed that its output voltage increased with increasing acceleration of external vibration.

Non-Axisymmetric Mass Transfer Phenomenon behind an Orifice in a Curved Swirling Flow

The purpose of this paper is to understand the mechanism of non-axisymmetric wall-thinning that caused a pipe break in the pipeline of the Mihama nuclear power plant in 2004. The wall thinning was caused by the flow accelerated corrosion which affects low carbon steel pipelines. The mass transfer rate measurement of the wall thinning behind an office in a curved swirling flow is carried out in a closed-circuit water tunnel using a benzoic acid dissolution method. The experimental results indicate that the high mass transfer rate is observed on one side of the pipe behind the orifice, which is similar to the observation of the wall-thinning rate in the Mihama case. This result suggests that the influence of the secondary flow in the long elbow combined with the swirling flow can produce the non-axisymmetric mass transfer phenomenon behind the orifice.