Sheet Resistance and Gas-Sensing Properties of Tin Oxide Thin Films by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition

Tin oxide (SnO2) thin films are prepared at different temperatures by plasmaenhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The structural characterizations of the films are investigated by various analysis techniques. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) show that the phase of SnO2 films are different at different deposition temperatures. The sheet resistance of the films decreases with increase of deposition temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows that the SnO2 thin film is non-stoichiometric. The sheet resistance increases with increase in oxygen flow. Sb-doped SnO2 thin films are more sensitive to alcohol than carbon monoxide, and its maximum sensitivity is about 220％.

Effect of slip velocity on Casson thin film flow and heat transfer due to unsteady stretching sheet in presence of variable heat flux and viscous dissipation

The aim of the present paper is to study flow and heat transfer characteristics of a viscous Casson thin film flow over an unsteady stretching sheet subject to variable heat flux in the presence of slip velocity condition and viscous dissipation. The governing equations are partial differential equations. They are reduced to a set of highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations by suitable similarity transformations. The resulting similarity equations are solved numerically with a shooting method. Comparisons with previous works are made, and the results are found to be in excellent agreement. In the present work, the effects of the unsteadiness parameter, the Casson parameter, the Eckert number, the slip velocity parameter, and the Prandtl number on flow and heat transfer characteristics are discussed. Also, the local skin-friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number at the stretching sheet are computed and discussed.

Heat transfer characteristics of thin power-law liquid films over horizontal stretching sheet with internal heating and variable thermal coefficient

The effect of internal heating source on the film momentum and thermal transport characteristic of thin finite power-law liquids over an accelerating unsteady horizontal stretched interface is studied.Unlike most classical works in this field,a general surface temperature distribution of the liquid film and the generalized Fourier's law for varying thermal conductivity are taken into consideration.Appropriate similarity transformations are used to convert the strongly nonlinear governing partial differential equations(PDEs) into a boundary value problem with a group of two-point ordinary differential equations(ODEs).The correspondence between the liquid film thickness and the unsteadiness parameter is derived with the BVP4 C program in MATLAB.Numerical solutions to the self-similarity ODEs are obtained using the shooting technique combined with a Runge-Kutta iteration program and Newton's scheme.The effects of the involved physical parameters on the fluid's horizontal velocity and temperature distribution are presented and discussed.

低温等离子体处理对豆腐皮杀菌效果及其品质的影响

豆腐皮作为中国传统的豆制品,因其营养丰富且易吸收的特点深受人们喜爱。然而豆腐皮在生产过程中易被外源微生物污染导致品质下降。低温等离子体杀菌技术作为一种新型非热的杀菌技术,具有杀菌效率高、无残留等优势。该文以等离子体的电源功率、处理时间及电极间距为试验因素,运用响应曲面试验方法探究各试验因素的交互作用机制,并优化杀菌工艺参数。结果表明:低温等离子体对豆腐皮杀菌的最优工艺为电源功率80 W、处理时间15 s、电极间距10 mm,菌落总数从4.56 lg(CFU/g)降低至3.85 lg(CFU/g);处理前后豆腐皮的感官评分、pH值无显著差异,而处理后的豆腐皮的弹性和咀嚼性有所提升。通过豆腐皮挥发性风味测定发现,低温等离子处理减少了豆腐皮中的豆腥味且增加了香味物质壬醛的含量。低温等离子体处理后的豆腐皮经真空包装后4℃下的货架期从3 d延长至6 d,具有较好的贮藏品质。

抗方阻波动的超宽带轻薄频率选择表面吸波体

满足宽带、极化和入射角度稳定、轻薄和强吸收等高性能要求的电阻膜频率选择表面(FSS)吸波体设计难度大,且易因加工中方阻波动导致吸波性能变化.为此,本文首先分析了方阻波动影响电阻膜FSS吸波体性能的机理,提出抗方阻波动的FSS吸波体设计方法.在此基础上,提出利用不同层FSS阻抗随频率变化互补的扩展带宽方法,结合弯折小型化设计,获得了超宽带、极化和角度稳定的轻薄型抗方阻波动FSS吸波体.该FSS吸波体在TE和TM极化下,90%吸波带宽为1.50—20.50 GHz(相对带宽173%),厚度仅为0.093λ_(L).TE极化波80%吸波的角度稳定性可达45°,而TM极化波90%吸波的角度稳定性可达70°.当每层FSS方阻在12—30Ω/sq范围内波动时,吸波体的90%吸波带宽仍保持在167.0%.实验测试结果与仿真结果基本吻合,证明了所提方法的有效性.

基于薄板成形精度的白车身总成定位及接头设计研究

针对工程实际中存在零部件过定位等现象,在分析典型接头几何尺寸偏差特点的基础上,对零件成形与定位方式在多工位条件下的偏差影响进行量化分析,提出面向装配工艺的零件结构设计评价方法,为优化白车身关键总成在设计阶段制定工程方案提供参考。

换热管的布管对挠性薄管板应力场影响的有限元分析

换热管的布管是影响挠性薄管板挠性的最重要也是最容易被忽视的因素之一,换热管布管的合理与否直接决定挠性薄管板的使用寿命。文章对某余热锅炉中的挠性薄管板分别建立不同的有限元分析模型进行多工况模拟,得出管板的各类应力水平及应力分布规律。针对换热管布管的主要参数(换热管排列形式、换热管中心距、布管限定圆直径)给出了各因素对挠性薄管板应力强度的影响规律。分析结果表明:合理地优化换热管的布管可以有效改善挠性薄管板的受力状态,对挠性薄管板的工程设计具有一定的指导意义。

基于TRIZ理论的薄板类零件三维扫描检测方案优化

为解决薄板类零件三维扫描检测过程中整体数据获取困难、效率低且无法模拟实际工况测量的问题,本文基于TRIZ创新理论对薄板类零件的三维扫描检测方案进行了优化。对现有问题进行分析后,利用因果链分析、九屏图法、技术矛盾等方法,结合薄板类零件的扫描实际流程,最终设计了多支点柔性夹具,并优化了三维扫描检测过程。以汽车钣金件为例,对优化方案进行了验证,为薄板类零件的质量检测提供了一种新的高效精准的检测方法。

冷轧厂薄带钢高效生产的问题及解决方案分析

热镀锌板具有抗腐蚀强、易于深加工、使用寿命长、成本低以及表面美观等特点,主要用于家用电器、汽车等产品的内部构件和面板应用。随着家电板、汽车板工业的发展,家电和汽车所用的镀锌板占全国钢产量的比例逐步提升。随着国内外家电板、汽车板轻质化和高质量的要求,客户对产品表面质量要求越来越严格。针对生产线在提速增产过程中出现的入口跑偏、工艺段带钢表面质量缺陷和薄带钢薄锌层产速受限问题,提出了相应的改进措施。优化后,不仅提高了产量,而且提高了产品质量。

Preparation of Ti-Al alloy sheet by electron beam physical vapor deposition

Ti-Al thin sheet with dimension of 450 mm×450 mm×0.2 mm was prepared by electron beam physical vapor deposition(EB-PVD) technology. The surface and cross-section pattern of as-deposited sample were studied by SEM and AFM,and then the composition and phase were analysed by XRD and EPMA. Finally,the effect on deposit by re-evaporation of Al was explored by calculating the ratio of re-evaporating capacity with depositing capacity of Al on the substrate. The results indicate that the evaporation process with Nb addition into the molten pool makes it earlier to reach the steady-state. The existing equiaxed crystal and columnar crystal along the cross-sectional may be caused by the transformation latent heat released during the transition course of atoms from gaseous state to solid state. The effect on deposit by re-evaporation of Al can be neglected because the re-evaporating capacity of Al is far below that of the depositing capacity.

Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Thin Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis Method

Graphene Oxide (GO) was chemically synthesized from Natural Flake Graphite (NFG). The GO was chemically reduced to Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) using hydrazine monohydrate. Thin films of GO and RGO were also deposited on sodalime glass substrate using spray pyrolysis technique (SPT). The samples were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDS) facility attached to it, UV-Visible Spectrometry and Four-Point probe. The FTIR spectra showed the addition of oxygen functionality groups in GO while such groups was drastically reduced in RGO. SEM micrograph of GO thin film showed a porous sponge-like structure while the micrograph of RGO thin film showed evenly distributed and well connected graphene structure. The EDX spectrum of RGO showed that there was decrease in oxygen content and increase in carbon content of RGO when compared to GO. The optical analysis of the GO and RGO thin films gave a direct energy bandgap of 2.7 eV and 2.2 eV respectively. The value of sheet resistance of GO and RGO films was determined to be 22.9 × 106Ω/sq and 4.95 × 106Ω/sq respectively.

Preparation and Characterization of Reduced Graphene-P3HT Composite Thin Films for Use as Transparent Conducting Electrodes

With the aim of producing simple and effective transparent conducting electrodes, the conducting polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) incorporated with reduced graphene oxide film (rGO) (called rGO-P3HT) was prepared by spin-coating method. Structural, electrical and optical characterization showed that rGO-P3HT films 9.0 wt% P3HT exhibited good stability when exposed to the ambient atmosphere. These composite films of 200 nm thickness possess a sheet resistance and transparency of R□~ 17Ω and T ~ 72%, respectively. Owing to containing conducting polymer, rGO-P3HT-coated glass could be efficiently used in photovoltaic applications, in organic solar cells in particular, with the replacement of the indium tin oxide (ITO) and fluorine tin oxide (FTO) electrodes.

Effect of Magnetic Field on the Flow and Heat Transfer in a Casson Thin Film on an Unsteady Stretching Surface in the Presence of Viscous and Internal Heating

The aim of this investigation is to analyze the effectiveness of Lorentz force, viscous dissipation and internal heating on the heat and flow characteristics of a non-Newtonian Casson fluid thin film resting on a stretching surface under the influence of a magnetic field. Employing suitable similarity variables and shooting technique and integrating scheme numerical solutions for velocity and temperature are obtained. The results of this analysis are compared with the published work and are found to be in good agreement. The thickness of the thin film is evaluated and is observed that Lorentz force and the non-Newtonian nature of the fluid have a thinning influence on the film. Velocity and temperature distributions in the thin film are discussed for various flow parameters.

Transmission Line Modelling of Geomagnetic Induction in the Ocean/Earth Conductivity Structure

During geomagnetic disturbances, electric fields induced in the Earth and in power systems, pipelines and submarine cables can interfere with the operation of these systems. Calculations for submarine cables are complicated by the need to consider not just the induction directly into the cable but also the earth potentials produced at the coast at each end of the cable. To determine the coast potentials, we present a new model of the ocean and earth conductivity structure that spans the whole length of a cable from one coast to another. Calculations are based on the generalised thin sheet approach introduced by Ranganayaki and Madden but converted to a transmission line model that can be solved using standard circuit theory techniques. It is shown how the transmission line model can be used to calculate the earth potential profile from one side of an ocean or sea to the other. Example calculations are presented for a shallow sea, a shallow ocean, and a deep ocean that are simplified approximations to the North Sea, Tasman Sea and Pacific Ocean and show that the peak potentials occur at the coast. An examination is also made of how the width of a shallow sea and the width of the continental shelf affect these coast potentials. The modelling technique and example results provide a guide for more detailed modelling of geomagnetic induction along the routes of specific submarine cables.

316L不锈钢超薄板激光焊接头微观组织及力学性能研究

为了探索316L不锈钢超薄板在换热器、金属极板等领域的应用,采用脉冲激光器对0.15 mm厚316L不锈钢板进行激光焊接工艺实验,并对焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能进行了分析。结果表明:当激光功率为90W、焊接速度为25 mm/s、脉冲频率为90 Hz、激光焦距为-1.5 mm时,能够得到单面焊双面成型、表面光滑无缺陷的焊接接头。焊缝区由细小的等轴晶组成,硬度高于母材区的,焊接接头的抗拉强度约为539.5 MPa,达到母材的86.8%,断后伸长率约为30.5%,达到母材的75.7%。

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY-CRYSTALLINE SILICON THIN FILM

Poly-crystalline silicon thin film has big potential of reducing the cost of solar cells.In this paper the preparation of thin film is introduced, and then the morphology of poly-crystalline thin film is discussed. On the film we developed poly-crystalline silicon thin film solar cells with efficiency up to 6. 05% without anti-reflection coating.

The development of advanced Cr-free organic composite coated electrogalvanized steel sheet with excellent grounding property

In recent years,the concern about environmental protection is increasing on a world scale.Major manufacturers of home appliances and OA equipment have introduced so-called 'green procurement schemes' for reducing environmentally harmful substances in manufacturing process and end products. Under such background,a new type of chromate-free organic composite coated electro-galvanized steel sheet with high conductivity was developed by Baosteel,which meets the EU RoHS Directive(Restriction of the Hazardous Substances) and other related laws and regulations on environmental safety.It also provides excellent surface electrical conductivity,corrosion resistance,fingerprint resistance,solvent resistance,coating adhesion, heat resistance,formability and other special properties to meet the demand of manufacture’s process of OA machine. Compared with previously developed anti-fingerprinting coated electro-galvanized steel sheet,this newly developed product has a good balance between high corrosion resistance(time to 5%white rust in salt spray test is 120 h for flat panel and 72 h for worked potion) and conductivity(surface electro-resistivity in accordance with LOREAST is less than 0.1 milliohm ) due to the special design of coating’s structure.Besides,It also provides the properties of grounding and shielding against electromagnetic waves.The evaluation of surface performances of new product showed that it is comparable or even better than the similar products. Currently,the newly developed product has been commercialized. In this paper,the major properties are discussed,such as corrosion resistance,surface electrical conductivity, fingerprint resistance,solvent resistance,coating adhesion(ink/melamine alkyd paint),heat resistance and formability.Furthermore,the application is also briefly described.

Hydromagnetic thin film flow of Casson fluid in non-Darcy porous medium with Joule dissipation and Navier＇s partial slip

In this paper, the effects of viscous and Ohmic heating and heat generation/absorption on magnetohydrodynamic flow of an electrically conducting Casson thin film fluid over an unsteady horizontal stretching sheet in a non-Darcy porous medium are investigated. The fluid is assumed to slip along the boundary of the sheet. Similarity transformation is used to translate the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. A shooting technique in conjunction with the 4 th order Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the transformed equations. Computations are carried out for velocity and temperature of the fluid thin film along with local skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number for a range of values of pertinent flow parameters. It is observed that the Casson parameter has the ability to enhance free surface velocity and film thickness, whereas the Forchheimer parameter, which is responsible for the inertial drag has an adverse effect on the fluid velocity inside the film. The velocity slip along the boundary tends to decrease the fluid velocity. This investigation has various applications in engineering and in practical problems such as very large scale integration(VLSI) of electronic chips and film coating.

钛/铁复合板平底球形薄壁件充液拉深工艺研究

目的选用充液拉深先进成形技术制备钛/铁复合板平底球形薄壁件,并研究其充液拉深变形行为,以解决传统拉深工艺制备平底球形薄壁件极易产生褶皱的问题。方法对钛/铁复合板平底球形薄壁件在不同液压力、压边间隙及凸模与板料间摩擦因数等工艺参数下的充液拉深过程进行数值模拟。对数值模拟结果进行分析,讨论工艺参数对零件成形性能的影响以及抑制起皱的机理。最后在不同拉深工艺下进行成形试验,制备钛/铁复合板平底球形薄壁件并与数值模拟结果进行对比。结果数值模拟和成形试验结果表明,传统拉深工艺制备的钛/铁复合板平底球形薄壁件出现了明显的褶皱,采用充液拉深工艺可以有效解决零件侧壁起皱的问题。增大液压力、减小压边间隙或增大凸模与板料间摩擦因数会导致零件减薄率的提高并降低零件侧壁起皱的风险。在压边间隙1.5 mm、液压力25 MPa的条件下,采用充液拉深工艺可以制备出侧壁无褶皱的平底球形薄壁件。结论通过充液拉深工艺可以有效解决钛/铁复合板平底球形薄壁件成形过程中起皱的问题。