In this study,indium oxide（In2O3） thin-film transistors（TFTs） are fabricated by two kinds of low temperature solution-processed technologies（Ta ≤ 300℃）,i.e.,water-based（DIW-based） process and alkoxide-based...In this study,indium oxide（In2O3） thin-film transistors（TFTs） are fabricated by two kinds of low temperature solution-processed technologies（Ta ≤ 300℃）,i.e.,water-based（DIW-based） process and alkoxide-based（2-ME-based）process.The thickness values,crystallization properties,chemical structures,surface roughness values,and optical properties of In2O3 thin-films and the electrical characteristics of In2O3 TFTs are studied at different annealing temperatures.Thermal annealing at higher temperature leads to an increase in the saturation mobility（μsat） and a negative shift in the threshold voltage（VTH）.The DIW-based processed In2O3-TFT annealed at 300℃ exhibits excellent device performance,and one annealed at 200℃ exhibits an acceptable μsat of 0.86 cm^2/V·s comparable to that of a-Si：H TFTs,whereas the 2-ME-based TFT annealed at 300℃ exhibits an abundant μsat of 1.65 cm^2/Vs and one annealed at 200℃ is inactive.The results are attributed to the fact that the DIW-based process induces a higher degree of oxidation and less defect states than the 2-ME-based process at the same temperature.The DIW-based process for fabricating the In2O3 TFT opens the way for the development of nontoxic,low-cost,and low-temperature oxide electronics.展开更多
为了探究施用生物炭后土壤性质和重金属形态随时间变化过程,通过5种矿区土壤的玉米(Zea mays L.)盆栽实验,研究施用生物炭后土壤和孔隙水性质、梯度扩散薄膜(diffusive gradients in thin films,DGT)技术测定的Zn浓度(CDGT-Zn)和欧共体...为了探究施用生物炭后土壤性质和重金属形态随时间变化过程,通过5种矿区土壤的玉米(Zea mays L.)盆栽实验,研究施用生物炭后土壤和孔隙水性质、梯度扩散薄膜(diffusive gradients in thin films,DGT)技术测定的Zn浓度(CDGT-Zn)和欧共体标准物质局共识(Bureau of Community right-to-know,BCR)有效态Zn含量(弱酸提取态Zn^(+)可还原态Zn,C_(BCR-Zn))随时间变化的过程。施用生物炭后,随土壤培养时间的增加,土壤阳离子交换量(cation exchange capacity,CEC)增加了20.35%~65.65%,孔隙水pH上升0.34~1.02个单位,溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)浓度CDOC先升后降,最终下降了8.21%~33.23%,孔隙水Zn浓度(C_(pw-Zn))下降了17.46%~49.67%,C_(DGT-Zn)、C_(BCR-Zn)分别下降了18.64%~50.00%、23.33%~64.71%。随玉米栽培时间的增加,土壤CEC增加了7.94%~28.97%,C_(DOC)、C_(pw-Zn)、C_(DGT-Zn)、C_(BCR-Zn)分别下降了10.43%~41.26%、9.62%~34.21%、10.42%~30.70%、14.68%~61.62%,孔隙水pH无明显变化。生物炭能明显改变土壤和孔隙水性质,降低Zn的生物有效性,从而降低土壤中过量Zn对玉米的危害。展开更多
The tungsten trioxide（WO3） thin films were firstly prepared by spin-coating-pyrolysis methods using the ammonium metatungstate（（NH4）6H2W12O40）DMF/water solution, and successfully applied as the efficient compact...The tungsten trioxide（WO3） thin films were firstly prepared by spin-coating-pyrolysis methods using the ammonium metatungstate（（NH4）6H2W12O40）DMF/water solution, and successfully applied as the efficient compact layers for the planar perovskite solar cells. The influence of the WO3 film thickness and the rinsing treatment of CH_3NH_3 PbI_3 thin film with isopropanol on the photovoltaic performance of the corresponding perovskite solar cells was systematically investigated. The results revealed that the perovskite solar cell with a 62 nm thick WO3 compact layer achieved a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 5.72%, with a short circuit photocurrent density of 17.39 mA/cm^2, an open circuit voltage of 0.58 V and a fill factor of 0.57. The photoelectric conversion efficiency was improved from 5.72% to 7.04% by the isopropanol rinsing treatment.展开更多
Drinking water scarcity is an ever-increasing global concern. This issue appears as a greater threat to the countries with no access to sea water resources or rivers, since their potential water resources are only lim...Drinking water scarcity is an ever-increasing global concern. This issue appears as a greater threat to the countries with no access to sea water resources or rivers, since their potential water resources are only limited to ground waters only. There are serious concerns with the treatment of ground water resources, including landfill leachates, agricultural contaminations(pesticides,herbicides, and fertilizers), and rural contaminations. Membrane separation has been proved to be the governing technology in water and wastewater treatment plants, as these methods are responsible for more than half of the market share of the world's desalination capacity. This study intends to offer a holistic view of the groundwater contamination with specific focus on Saskatchewan province in Canada, and the recent efforts in the groundwater treatment using thin film composite membrane technology. This study begins with an introduction of the general aspects of ground water and membrane separation, polluting agents, and their sources.It is followed by a discussion of Saskatchewan's groundwater status and various issues.Furthermore, the recent research that became available since 2010 is reviewed in details and the results are summarized with respect to purification efficiency. Different affecting parameters in a groundwater-thin film composite system are synthesized and an in-depth overview is presented.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61675024)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB643600)
文摘In this study,indium oxide（In2O3） thin-film transistors（TFTs） are fabricated by two kinds of low temperature solution-processed technologies（Ta ≤ 300℃）,i.e.,water-based（DIW-based） process and alkoxide-based（2-ME-based）process.The thickness values,crystallization properties,chemical structures,surface roughness values,and optical properties of In2O3 thin-films and the electrical characteristics of In2O3 TFTs are studied at different annealing temperatures.Thermal annealing at higher temperature leads to an increase in the saturation mobility（μsat） and a negative shift in the threshold voltage（VTH）.The DIW-based processed In2O3-TFT annealed at 300℃ exhibits excellent device performance,and one annealed at 200℃ exhibits an acceptable μsat of 0.86 cm^2/V·s comparable to that of a-Si：H TFTs,whereas the 2-ME-based TFT annealed at 300℃ exhibits an abundant μsat of 1.65 cm^2/Vs and one annealed at 200℃ is inactive.The results are attributed to the fact that the DIW-based process induces a higher degree of oxidation and less defect states than the 2-ME-based process at the same temperature.The DIW-based process for fabricating the In2O3 TFT opens the way for the development of nontoxic,low-cost,and low-temperature oxide electronics.
文摘为了探究施用生物炭后土壤性质和重金属形态随时间变化过程,通过5种矿区土壤的玉米(Zea mays L.)盆栽实验,研究施用生物炭后土壤和孔隙水性质、梯度扩散薄膜(diffusive gradients in thin films,DGT)技术测定的Zn浓度(CDGT-Zn)和欧共体标准物质局共识(Bureau of Community right-to-know,BCR)有效态Zn含量(弱酸提取态Zn^(+)可还原态Zn,C_(BCR-Zn))随时间变化的过程。施用生物炭后,随土壤培养时间的增加,土壤阳离子交换量(cation exchange capacity,CEC)增加了20.35%~65.65%,孔隙水pH上升0.34~1.02个单位,溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)浓度CDOC先升后降,最终下降了8.21%~33.23%,孔隙水Zn浓度(C_(pw-Zn))下降了17.46%~49.67%,C_(DGT-Zn)、C_(BCR-Zn)分别下降了18.64%~50.00%、23.33%~64.71%。随玉米栽培时间的增加,土壤CEC增加了7.94%~28.97%,C_(DOC)、C_(pw-Zn)、C_(DGT-Zn)、C_(BCR-Zn)分别下降了10.43%~41.26%、9.62%~34.21%、10.42%~30.70%、14.68%~61.62%,孔隙水pH无明显变化。生物炭能明显改变土壤和孔隙水性质,降低Zn的生物有效性,从而降低土壤中过量Zn对玉米的危害。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51472071,512720616,51072043)the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2011CBA00700)
文摘The tungsten trioxide（WO3） thin films were firstly prepared by spin-coating-pyrolysis methods using the ammonium metatungstate（（NH4）6H2W12O40）DMF/water solution, and successfully applied as the efficient compact layers for the planar perovskite solar cells. The influence of the WO3 film thickness and the rinsing treatment of CH_3NH_3 PbI_3 thin film with isopropanol on the photovoltaic performance of the corresponding perovskite solar cells was systematically investigated. The results revealed that the perovskite solar cell with a 62 nm thick WO3 compact layer achieved a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 5.72%, with a short circuit photocurrent density of 17.39 mA/cm^2, an open circuit voltage of 0.58 V and a fill factor of 0.57. The photoelectric conversion efficiency was improved from 5.72% to 7.04% by the isopropanol rinsing treatment.
基金the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering at the University of Saskatchewan for the support provided
文摘Drinking water scarcity is an ever-increasing global concern. This issue appears as a greater threat to the countries with no access to sea water resources or rivers, since their potential water resources are only limited to ground waters only. There are serious concerns with the treatment of ground water resources, including landfill leachates, agricultural contaminations(pesticides,herbicides, and fertilizers), and rural contaminations. Membrane separation has been proved to be the governing technology in water and wastewater treatment plants, as these methods are responsible for more than half of the market share of the world's desalination capacity. This study intends to offer a holistic view of the groundwater contamination with specific focus on Saskatchewan province in Canada, and the recent efforts in the groundwater treatment using thin film composite membrane technology. This study begins with an introduction of the general aspects of ground water and membrane separation, polluting agents, and their sources.It is followed by a discussion of Saskatchewan's groundwater status and various issues.Furthermore, the recent research that became available since 2010 is reviewed in details and the results are summarized with respect to purification efficiency. Different affecting parameters in a groundwater-thin film composite system are synthesized and an in-depth overview is presented.
