Microstructures and Properties of 550 MPa Grade High Strength Thin-walled H-beam Steel

The microstructures and mechanical properties of 550 MPa grade lightweight high strength thin-walled H-beam steel were experimentally studied. The experimental results show that the microstructure of the air-cooled H-beam steel sample is consisted of ferrite, pearlite and a small amount of granular bainites as well as fine and dispersive V（C,N） precipitates. The microstructure of the water-cooled steel sample is consisted of ferrite and bainite as well as a small amount of fine pearlites. The microstructure of the water-cooled sample is finer than that of the air-cooled sample with the average intercept size of the surface grains reaching to 3.5 gna. The finish rolling temperature of the thin-walled high strength H-beam steel is in the range of 750 ~C-850 ~C. The lower the finish rolling temperature and the faster the cooling rate, the finer the ferrite grains, the volume fraction of bainite is increased through water cooling process. Grain refinement strengthening and precipitation strengthening are used as major strengthening means to develop 550 MPa grade lightweight high strength thin- walled H-beam steel. Vanadium partially soluted in the matrix and contributes to the solution strengthening. The 550 MPa grade high-strength thin-walled H-beam steel could be developed by direct air cooling after hot rolling to fully meet the requirements of the target properties.

High-efficiency forming processes for complex thin-walled titanium alloys components: state-of-the-art and perspectives

Complex thin-walled titanium alloy components play a key role in the aircraft,aerospace and marine industries,offering the advantages of reduced weight and increased thermal resistance.The geometrical complexity,dimensional accuracy and in-service properties are essential to fulfill the high-performance standards required in new transportation systems,which brings new challenges to titanium alloy forming technologies.Traditional forming processes,such as superplastic forming or hot pressing,cannot meet all demands of modern applications due to their limited properties,low productivity and high cost.This has encouraged industry and research groups to develop novel high-efficiency forming processes.Hot gas pressure forming and hot stamping-quenching technologies have been developed for the manufacture of tubular and panel components,and are believed to be the cut-edge processes guaranteeing dimensional accuracy,microstructure and mechanical properties.This article intends to provide a critical review of high-efficiency titanium alloy forming processes,concentrating on latest investigations of controlling dimensional accuracy,microstructure and properties.The advantages and limitations of individual forming process are comprehensively analyzed,through which,future research trends of high-efficiency forming are identified including trends in process integration,processing window design,full cycle and multi-objective optimization.This review aims to provide a guide for researchers and process designers on the manufacture of thin-walled titanium alloy components whilst achieving high dimensional accuracy and satisfying performance properties with high efficiency and low cost.

Nonlinear Stability Analysis of Long Span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge with Thin Wall High Piers

By utilizing the current finite element program ANSYS, two types of finite element models (FEM), the beam model (BM) and shell model (SM), are established for the nonlinear stability analysis of a practical rigid frame bridge—Longtanhe Great Bridge. In these analyses, geometrical and material nonlinearities are simultaneously taken into account. For geometrical nonlinearity, updated Lagrangian formulations are adopted to derive the tangent stiffness matrix. In order to simulate the nonlinear behavior of the plastic hinge of the piers, the multi lines spring element COMBIN39 is used in the SM while the bilinear rotational spring element COMBIN40 is employed in the BM. Numerical calculations show that satisfying results can be obtained in the stability analysis of the bridge when the double coupling nonlinearity effects are considered. In addition, the conclusion is significant for practical engineering.

Torsional Behavior Design of UHPC Box Beams Based on Thin-Walled Tube Theory

This study proposed a prediction formula for the torsional strength enabling to reflect the tensile strength of ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) beams based upon the thin-walled tube theory. The remarkable ductile behavior of UHPC can also be attributed to the steel fiber reinforcement. This feature must be considered to provide rational explanation of the torsional behavior of UHPC structures. In this study, the proposed torsional design adopts a modified thin-walled tube theory so as to consider the tensile behavior of UHPC. And torsion test was conducted on thin-walled UHPC box beams to validate the proposed formula through comparison of the predicted torsional strength with the experimental results. The comparison of the predicted values of the cracking torque and torsional moment resistance with those observed in the torsional test of UHPC verified the validity of the design method. The contribution of the steel fibers to the torsional strength and cracking load was larger than that of the stirrups, but the stirrups appeared to contribute additionally to the torsional ductility. Accordingly, it is recommended that design should exploit effectively the contribution of the steel fiber rather than arrange a larger number of stirrups in UHPC structures subjected to torsion.

Study on time-varying seismic vulnerability and analysis of ECC-RC composite piers using high strength reinforcement bars in offshore environment

As the main seismic component of a bridge,seismic damage to the bridge pier has a greater effect on its subsequent service.In the offshore chloride environment,the issues(e.g.,reinforcement bar corrosion and attenuation of concrete strength)of piers caused by chloride ion seriously curtail the normal service life and deteriorate the anti-seismic property of bridge structures.The engineered cementitious composite(ECC)-reinforced concrete(RC)composite pier with high strength reinforcement bars(HSRB)is expected to solve the above problems.This study aims to clarify the time-varying seismic vulnerability(SV)of the HSRBECC-RC composite pier during its full life cycle(FLC).Based on OpenSees,the refined finite element analysis models of RC pier,ECC-RC composite pier,and HSRBECC-RC composite pier have been established.Moreover,using the nonlinear time-path dynamic analysis method,the influence of chloride ion erosion on the time-dependent seismic vulnerability(SV)of these different piers in different service life and different peak ground acceleration(PGA)were analyzed from a dynamic point of view.The research shows that the exceeding probability(EP)of the same damage level increases with the enhancement of service time and PGA and with the increase of destruction,the exceeding probability(EP)of slight damage(DL-1),moderate damage(DL-2),serious damage(DL-3),and complete collapse(DL-4)decreases in turn;the corrosion degree of chloride ion to piers is small during the early service period,the time-varying vulnerability curve of the bridge piers is almost the same as that of a new bridge,and during later service,as the extent of chloride ion corrosion deepens,exceeding probability(EP)under severe damage(DL-3)and complete collapse(DL-4)is increased,and the seismic performance is significantly enhanced.

Elastoplastic analysis of thin-walled structures in reservoir area

In the structural design of the high pier,in order to analyze the strength and structure stability,the pier was often considered a thin-walled structure.Elastoplastic incremental theory was used to establish the model of elastoplastic stability of high pier.By considering the combined action of pile,soil and pier together,the destabilization bearing capacity was calculated by using 3-D finite element method(3-D FEM) for piers with different pile and section height.Meanwhile,the equivalent stress in different sections of pier was computed and the processor of destabilization was discussed.When the pier is lower,the bearing capacity under mutual effect of pile,soil and pier is less than the situation when mutual effect is not considered;when the pier is higher,their differences are not conspicuous.Along with the increase of the cross-sectional height,the direction of destabilization bearing capacity is varied and the ultimate capacity is buildup.The results of a stability analysis example are almost identical with the practice.

复杂条件下高面板堆石坝的特殊结构体安全监测设计体系研究

为了加强高面板堆石坝工程中挤压边墙、高趾墩和高趾墙等特殊结构体的安全监测,基于面板堆石坝安全监测设计资料,总结了特殊结构体在安全监测设计方面存在的不足和缺陷。通过收集整理国内包含高趾墩、高趾墙和挤压边墙等特殊结构体的高面板堆石坝数值分析成果,发掘特殊结构体的变形和应力应变规律,将特殊结构体的变形、应力应变及温度、接缝和渗流明确为安全监测设计重点;结合已有面板堆石坝工程的安全监测设计资料,构建了复杂条件下高面板堆石坝特殊结构体安全监测设计体系。该体系能够为在建和拟建的面板堆石坝特殊结构体安全监测设计提供科学的指导,全面提升面板堆石坝的安全监测水平。

高铁桥墩沉降的通用渐进分解长期预测网络模型

高铁桥墩不均匀沉降是导致轨道不平顺的潜在原因之一,准确预测桥墩沉降对于确保铁路建设和运营的可靠性和安全性具有重要意义。目前,常规时间序列领域的多数预测模型仅在预处理良好且没有缺失的数据集上进行测试,而在高铁桥墩沉降的真实场景中,沉降数据相较于其他领域存在观测频次少且不等时距,以及沉降规律复杂多变的问题,造成长期预测困难。为此,本文提出一种高铁桥墩沉降的通用渐进分解长期预测网络(GPDLPnet),摒弃传统的预处理思想,将预处理过程嵌入网络结构,在网络训练过程中实现渐进预处理。首先,GPDLPnet在每轮迭代中利用改进对角掩码自注意力模块分析沉降数据中的缺失模式。然后,通过改进完全自适应噪声集合经验模态分解模块将沉降数据分解并重构为高频、低频和趋势子分量,将子分量作为BiLSTM-RSA-Resnet预测模块的特征输入。最后,输出递归预测结果,从而实现高铁桥墩沉降的长期预测。结合实际工程数据,将数据划分为高频观测和低频观测两类典型的观测模式进行试验,在3~4个月的预测中GPDLPnet均表现出良好的预测性能,并在精度指标上优于其他7种模型。

无砟轨道对不同地形下简支梁桥地震反应的影响

研究目的:为研究CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道系统对多跨简支梁桥下部结构地震反应的影响,以32 m简支梁桥为研究对象,分别建立线桥一体化模型与单墩模型,采用反应谱法研究3种典型地形条件下轨道纵向约束效应对桥墩地震反应的影响规律。研究结论:(1)跨越平坦地形时,受轨道系统与端刺的影响,线桥一体化模型的墩底内力呈边界处小、中跨大的抛物线型分布,与单墩模型相比,中跨区域的桥墩处在地震反应放大区;(2)跨越V字形地形时,该区域各墩底内力呈现临界墩底内力显著增大、中跨高墩的墩底内力明显减小的U字形分布特征;(3)跨越Λ字形地形时,该区域各墩底内力呈现以中跨矮墩为中心、且其墩底内力显著增大、相邻墩底内力明显减小的Λ字形分布特征,中跨矮墩在抗震设计时应加以重视;(4)本研究成果可应用于类似典型地形条件下的高速铁路简支梁桥的抗震设计。

高速铁路自复位摇摆桥墩抗震性能分析

基于OpenSEES平台分别建立4跨高速铁路传统简支梁桥和摇摆桥墩简支梁桥系统的有限元模型,并依据摇摆桥墩的基本抗震设防目标,设计摇摆桥墩耗能构件的面积和承载力。在考虑地震动随机性基础上,进行自复位摇摆桥墩在高铁桥梁系统中的抗震性能研究。结果表明:罕遇地震下自复位摇摆耗能装置能够有效降低墩底最大弯矩,减震率达20.26%,进而减少墩身损伤,但碰撞效应使墩底最大轴力放大了74.7%;墩底耗能构件基本进入塑性但未完全被破坏,可实现震后快速修复;摇摆桥墩的最大墩顶位移比传统桥墩增加了66%,但位移组成中可自复位的刚体旋转变形远大于弯曲变形,因此震后残余位移减少了35%;摇摆耗能机制对支座最大变形的减震率达12.3%,使主梁最大变形增大了约49%,但对其残余变形的影响在1 mm内;轨道约束会削弱桥墩摇摆行为,使墩顶最大位移减少了14%,但对墩顶残余位移无明显影响。

近、远场地震作用下深水高墩桥梁水动力效应研究

为研究近、远场地震作用下水动力效应对深水高墩桥梁抗震性能的影响,明确深水高墩桥梁抗震性能分析中考虑动水压力的必要性,以典型的深水高墩大跨连续刚构桥为例,基于OpenSees建立其非线性动力分析模型。通过附加质量法模拟墩-水动力相互作用,并在PEER数据库选择代表性的近场和远场地震动记录,对该桥梁进行不同水深下的非线性地震响应分析,对比研究近、远场地震作用下动水压力效应对深水高墩桥梁抗震性能的影响。研究表明:不论近场还是远场地震作用,墩-水相互作用都会显著增大桥梁结构的地震响应,近场地震作用下,对桥墩的墩顶位移和墩底曲率的改变率分别可达到64.77%和156%;与远场地震作用相比,近场地震作用下墩-水相互作用对深水高墩桥梁抗震性能的影响更为显著,在近场地区的深水高墩桥梁抗震性能分析中,应充分考虑近断层地震动和墩-水相互作用的耦合效应;近场地震作用下,墩-水相互作用主要激起桥墩的一阶振型产生基频共振,增大墩底的损伤,而远场地震作用下墩-水相互作用会激起桥墩的高阶振型,不仅增大墩底的损伤而且会加剧墩身中上部的损伤;深水高墩桥梁抗震性能分析不仅需要考虑动水压力效应,还应考虑近场和远场地震动带来的影响。

钢筋混凝土薄壁空心高墩塑性铰长度计算方法

针对我国现行抗震设计规范尚未明确给出钢筋混凝土(RC)薄壁空心高墩塑性铰长度计算方法的问题,首先收集整理了既有RC桥墩塑性铰长度计算方法以及试验数据,分析影响塑性铰计算长度的主要因素;同时对实际桥梁工程采用的RC薄壁空心墩构造参数进行统计归纳.在验证有限元建模方法准确性后,采用ABAQUS软件建立了高度为40~120 m的8种典型RC薄壁空心高墩的精细化有限元模型,并开展非线性推覆分析,得到不同高度桥墩的等效塑性铰长度.最后讨论不同塑性铰长度计算方法的适用性,发现Eurocode 8规范的计算公式精度最高,可用于计算RC薄壁空心高墩的塑性铰长度.

特大桥高墩施工技术分析

为了深入研究特大桥高墩施工技术,以银昆高速太彭段LJ08-2标段为例,重点分析了特大桥高墩施工的实施要点和成效。针对特大桥高墩施工的关键环节和难点,采取了有效的施工措施方法。实践表明,采用大块定型钢模板(翻模)作为特大桥高墩成型的手段,同时把控好模板吊装及混凝土浇筑,并做好高墩线形控制,能够高效完成特大桥高墩的施工并实现质量验收100%的目标,为企业节约成本12.48万元,既保证了特大桥高墩的施工进度和安全,也实现了良好的经济效益和社会效益,对类似工程具有参考价值和应用指导意义。

基于IDA的铁路超高墩地震易损性分析

为探究铁路超高墩结构的抗震性能并对其在双向水平地震作用下的易损性进行评估,以西部山区某高速铁路超高墩结构为研究对象,根据结构自身动力特性,以材料应变状态对应的截面曲率作为损伤指标,描述其不同的损伤破坏状态并确定不同损伤状态所对应的指标限值。基于IDA方法,从PEER数据库中选取10组远场地震动作为双向地震动输入样本,以ANSYS为平台建立超高墩有限元模型进行非线性动力时程分析,得到不同强度地震动对应的结构地震响应。结合能力需求比的对数回归分析,建立超高墩各控制截面的概率地震需求模型对其易损性进行评估,并采用一阶界限法计算超高墩整体损伤概率并建立易损性曲线。结果表明:H形双柱式薄壁空心超高墩在强震作用下各部位均会发生一定程度的损伤,其中墩底部位损伤最为严重,在PGA为1.0g时墩底部位轻微损伤、中等损伤和完全损伤的超越概率分别为98.71%、96.92%和36.02%;结构完全损伤概率较小,满足三水准抗震设防要求并具有良好的抗倒塌能力;易损性分析能够准确地反映超高墩的真实抗震性能,为实际工程中既有超高墩的震后损伤加固或新墩设计提供理论依据。

多跨矮塔斜拉桥超高墩合理形式比选

为研究多跨矮塔斜拉桥超高墩合理形式,以多跨矮塔斜拉桥超高墩为对象,综合对比分析超高墩结构布置形式和受力特点,按截面特性相似的原则提出双薄壁墩、单薄壁墩、组合式墩、叠合式墩四种适用于依托工程的超高墩形式。采用全桥有限元和理论方法,分析不同工况下主梁和桥墩关键截面的内力和墩顶位移、施工和成桥运营阶段的稳定性、E1地震作用下的动力及抗震性能。结果表明:四种方案均满足施工阶段和成桥运营阶段下的稳定性要求,双薄壁墩前三阶均为纵向失稳且稳定安全系数变化较小;在E1地震荷载作用下,双薄壁墩内力响应最小,但位移响应较大,单薄壁墩和叠合式墩与之相反,组合式墩则较均衡。考虑结构整体受力性能,建议多跨矮塔斜拉桥超高墩桥梁选用双薄壁墩或组合式墩。

基于荷载试验的预应力混凝土刚构桥承载能力评估

为了检测高墩大跨宽体箱梁刚构桥的桥梁承载能力及其动力特性,了解桥梁的健康状况,分析是否能满足设计及使用的要求。以凤凰特大桥为工程背景,建立有限元分析模型,通过静载试验和动载试验的结果与计算模型理论值进行对比和分析。在静载试验下,该桥的挠度校验系数为0.710~0.884,应变测点校验系数为0.603~0.800,相对残余应变和相对残余变位均小于20%。动载试验下桥梁左右两幅自振振动频率最小值为4.103 Hz,实测桥跨最大冲击系数为0.039。凤凰特大桥主桥左幅、右幅静载试验结论表明桥跨在正常使用状态下的承载能力能够满足公路-Ⅰ级汽车荷载的使用要求,动载试验结果表明,受检桥跨的实测自振特性及动力响应满足设计要求。

桥墩温度变化对桥上道岔动力特性的影响

道岔是铁路线路的薄弱环节,是影响行车平稳性与安全性的关键设备。随着我国西南山区铁路的建设,不可避免出现大量高墩大跨桥梁,温度作用下相邻高墩差将引起轨道不平顺,从而影响桥上无砟道岔的动力特性。为研究温度作用下相邻桥墩高度差对连续梁上道岔动力特性的影响规律,以某(40+56+40)m变宽连续梁上18号道岔为研究对象,采用UM软件和ANSYS联合仿真,建立列车-道岔-桥梁耦合系统动力学模型,研究温度作用下桥墩变形引起的轨道变形对道岔动力特性的影响规律。结果表明:桥墩升降温对钢轨竖向变形影响较大,当相邻桥墩高度差为29.5 m,桥墩温度变化为30℃时,钢轨最大竖向变形为20.97 mm,出现在桥墩最高处;桥墩高差仅对车体垂向振动加速度有影响,对轮轨力、车辆安全性、平稳性和道岔变形基本无影响;桥墩升温30℃时,高速列车以385 km/h速度直向通过道岔时车体振动加速度从0.05 m/s^(2)增大至0.13 m/s^(2),高速列车以90 km/h速度侧向通过道岔时加速度从0.04 m/s^(2)增大至0.10 m/s^(2);桥墩降温30℃时,高速列车以385 km/h速度直向通过道岔时车体振动加速度从0.05 m/s^(2)增大至0.12 m/s^(2),高速列车以90 km/h速度侧向通过道岔时加速度从0.04 m/s^(2)增大至0.10 m/s^(2);当相邻桥墩高度差为29.5 m时,桥上无砟道岔系统的动力特性指标均满足规范限值要求。

边墩沉降致连续简支桥段纵连线桥系统层间联结劣化规律

为研究边墩沉降致纵连板式无砟轨道-连续梁桥系统(纵连线桥系统)层间联结劣化状态,在考虑边墩沉降与层间接触不连续影响的基础上,建立纵连线桥系统非线性空间模型,采用前期提出的理论模型对其进行验证,据此分析边墩沉降下纵连线桥系统典型变形模式,层间联结失效的演化过程、发展规律及出现位置等。结果表明:建立的空间模型准确可靠;边墩沉降下,线桥系统会产生跟随变形、自重变形和悬停分离三种变形模式;沉降墩、与沉降墩临近的简支梁墩及连续梁桥另一侧边墩上方会出现层间联结失效,与沉降墩临近的简支梁墩、连续梁桥全部桥墩上的支座均会发生破坏;边墩沉降处板底脱空高度可用边墩沉降值减去连续梁桥变形限值进行描述;各脱空区长度均随边墩沉降幅值增加而增大,与沉降墩临近的简支梁墩左、右两侧区域脱空长度成正对称分布,连续梁另一边墩处脱空长度值只与连续梁变形有关,始终维持在2.56 m。

考虑系梁作用高墩刚构桥整体稳定的实用算法

研究目的:高墩刚构桥柱式高墩间常常设置系梁,目前计算高墩刚构桥整体稳定主要有计算长度系数法和有限元法,计算长度系数法须逐根桥墩计算且无法考虑不同系梁间桥墩段的影响,有限元法由于计算理论和方法都隐含在软件中,如何对计算结果的准确性和可靠性进行验证又是必须解决的难题。为此,本文基于摇摆柱受力特点通过结构转换的概念将确定柱式高墩刚构桥整体稳定的二阶计算转化为确定其整体抗侧刚度的一阶问题。研究结论:(1)本文提供了一种通过结构抗侧刚度求解高墩刚构桥整体稳定临界力的计算方法;(2)本文给出了柱式高墩刚构桥整体稳定临界力的计算公式,该式能考虑柱墩之间系梁的影响,弥补了规范计算长度系数法的不足,具有很好的精度及准确性,可为校核有限元整体稳定计算结果的可靠性提供一种解析验证手段;(3)本文研究成果可供桥梁工程设计和理论计算使用。

高铁桥梁装配式双柱空心墩承插深度研究

高铁桥梁桥墩刚度大,结构及构造有别于公路及市政桥梁,大量既有公路、市政承插式桥墩的研究成果是否适用于承插式铁路墩,需进行深入系统的研究。建立现浇和承插式双柱原型空心墩的非线性有限元模型,并结合既有试验结果验证了建模方法的正确性。通过模拟桥墩在拟静力往复作用下的力学行为,得到双柱空心墩的力-位移曲线,对比承插式桥墩与现浇桥墩滞回性能的差异,结合应变渗透效应及纵筋发展长度确定了承插深度的合理取值范围,并提出最小承插深度计算公式。结果表明:承插式桥墩与现浇墩的承载力差别很小,墩高5 m和10 m时,相差最大为2.8%;承插式桥墩和现浇墩的刚度退化规律基本一致,刚度随着侧向位移的增加而降低,位移较小时刚度退化较快,位移较大时刚度退化减慢;纵筋在塑性铰区及承台顶以下应变渗透区内屈服,在此区域以下400 mm范围应变则迅速减小,应变渗透区段为承插式墩身易损部位;根据本文提出的最小承插深度计算公式得到的高铁空心墩的最小承插深度设计值为0.5D(D为墩柱外径)。为保证承插式桥墩的安全性,应采取合理构造措施确保桥墩应变渗透区段抗震性能,推荐高烈度区桥墩的承插深度大于0.5D。