Numerical Analysis of Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel Short Columns with Pitting Corrosion during Bridge Construction

Pitting corrosion is harmful during bridge construction,which will lead to uneven roughness of steel surfaces and reduce the thickness of steel.Hence,the effect of pitting corrosion on the mechanical properties of cold-formed thin-walled steel stub columns is studied,and the empirical formulas are established through regression fitting to predict the ultimate load of web and flange under pitting corrosion.In detail,the failure modes and load-displacement curves of specimens with different locations,area ratios,and depths are obtained through a large number of non-linear finite element analysis.As for the specimens with pitting corrosion on the web,all the specimens are subject to local buckling failure,and the failure mode will not change with pitting corrosion,but the failure location will change with pitting corrosion location;the size,location,and area ratio of pitting corrosion have little influence on the ultimate load of cold-formed thin-walled steel short columns,but the loss rate of pitting corrosion section area has a greater impact on the ultimate bearing capacity.As for the specimen with flange pitting corrosion,the location and area ratio of pitting corrosion have less influence on the ultimate load of cold-formed thin-walled steel short columns,and the section area loss rate has greater influence on the ultimate bearing capacity;the impact of web pitting corrosion on the ultimate load is greater than that of flange pitting corrosion under the same condition of pitting corrosion section area.The prediction formulas of limit load which are suitable for pitting corrosion of web and flange are established,which can provide a reference for performance evaluation of corroded cold-formed thin-walled steel.

Improved concept models for straight thin-walled columns with box cross section

This paper focuses on developing improved concept models for straight thin-walled box sectional columns which can better predict the peak crushing force that occurs during crashworthiness analyses. We develop a nonlinear translational spring based on previous research and apply such a spring element to build the enhanced concept models. The work presented in this article is developed on the basis of the publication of the author (Liu and Day, 2006b) and has been applied in a crashworthiness design issue, which is presented by the author in another paper (Liu, 2008).

THE APPROXIMATE ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR THE BUCKLING LOADS OF A THIN-WALLED BOX COLUMN WITH VARIABLE CROSS-SECTION

For a thin-walled box column with variable cross-section, the three governing equations for torsional-flexural buckling are ordinary differential equations of the second or fourth order with variable coefficients, so it is very difficult to solve them by means of an analytic method. In this paper, polynomials are used to approximate the geometric properties of cross-section and certain coefficients of the differential equations. Based on the energy principle and the Galerkin's method, the approximate formulas for calculating the flexural and torsional buckling loads of this kind of columns are developed respectively, and numerical examples are used to verify the correctness of the solutions obtained. The results calculated in this paper provide the basis for demonstrating the stability of thin-walled box columns with variable cross-section. This paper is of practical value.

Study on Wave Field Characteristics and Imaging of Collapse Column in Three-Dimensional Detection with Love Channel Wave Reflected outside the Working Face

The safety accidents caused by collapse column water diversion occur frequently, which has great hidden danger to the safety production of coal mine. Limited by the space of underground, the detection of collapse column on the outside of working face has been a difficult problem. Based on this, numerical simulation and imaging research were carried out in this paper. The results indicate that when a seismic source near the roadway is excited, a part of seismic wave propagates along the roadway direction, namely direct P-wave, direct S-wave and direct Love channel wave. When the body waves and Love channel wave propagating to the outside of working face meet the interface of collapse column, the reflected Love channel wave and reflected body waves are generated. Reflection body waves and direct waves are mixed in time domain, which is difficult to identify in seismic records, while reflected Love channel wave whose amplitude is relatively strong. The reflected Love channel wave which has a large interval from other wave trains in the time domain is easily recognizable in seismic record, which makes it suitable for advanced detection of collapse column. The signal-to-noise ratio of X component is higher than that of Y component and Z component. According to the seismic records, polarization filtering was carried out to enhance the effective wave, which removed the interference waves, and the signal was migrated to get the position parameters of collapse column interface, which was basically consistent with the model position.

毫米波通信系统中可重构智能表面辅助多用户信道估计方案

为了解决可重构智能表面(Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,RIS)辅助的多用户毫米波通信系统中级联信道的信道估计问题,提出了一种新的基于压缩感知(Compressive Sensing,CS)的两阶段级联信道估计方案,该方案在传统的压缩感知信道估计上引入级联信道双时间尺度性质和行列稀疏邻近结构,同时利用信道特性和双结构正交匹配追踪算法(Double-Structured Orthogonal Matching Pursuit,DS-OMP)在节约导频开销的同时也提高了信道估计的精度和性能。通过仿真分析各变量对所提方案归一化均方误差(Normalized Mean Square Error,NMSE)的影响,相较于传统基于压缩感知的信道估计算法,所提方案具有较好性能,同时有较小的导频开销。

U形渠道机翼柱型量水槽水力性能分析

为了详细探究机翼柱型量水槽应用于U形渠道的量水性能,设置了4个不同的量水槽收缩比开展水力性能试验。通过对流量、收缩比和上游水位等数据进行分析,拟合出机翼柱型量水槽的流量公式。研究还对测流精度、上游佛汝德数、临界淹没度等参数进行了详细分析。试验结果表明,机翼柱型量水槽水位~流量相关性极高,相关系数R^(2)达0.998,利用试验数据拟合出的流量公式简单易用,平均流量误差约为2.47%,上游佛汝德数小于0.3,临界淹没度最高为0.887。与传统的U形渠道量水槽相比,机翼柱型量水槽的流动公式简单易用,U形渠道机翼柱型量水槽的结构为进一步研究提供了新的思路和参考。

综采工作面双回撤通道围岩控制技术研究

为保证某矿21102工作面双回撤通道稳定,实现综采设备安全高效回撤,提出锚网索支护+末采临近双排高强立柱的支护方式,通过计算,高强立柱的承载力需大于6.4 MPa。共设计全部采用直径φ1 m的高强立柱、混合采用直径φ1 m和φ0.8 m的高强立柱、全部采用直径φ0.8 m的高强立柱3种支护方案。通过计算,决定施工2排直径φ1 m的高强立柱、间排距1.8 m×1.2 m,采用“三花”布置方式。高强立柱采用新型ZKD型高水速凝充填材料,强度达到15 MPa,在立柱对应的锚索上固定玻璃钢锚杆一体浇筑,将HDPE树脂套管固定在顶板上同时采用约束钢带箍筋可防止高强立柱歪斜变形。实践表明,末采期间回撤通道采用锚网索+高强支柱的支护方式,能够抵御末采期间超前支撑应力和动压影响,回采过程中未见大规模的片帮、冒顶或顶板破碎情况,取得了良好的支护效果。

煤层气L型水平井防窜气排采控制方法研究

煤层气采用L型水平井开发,可使单井稳产气量达到8000m^(3)/d以上,但由于L型水平井无沉砂口袋,无法靠重力实现气、水自然分离,易发生油管窜气,导致泵效大幅下降,制约进一步排水降压。前期通过优化排采举升工艺,油管窜气现象得到了一定缓解,但对低流压产气井和高流压产气井的治理效果仍然不理想。以沁水盆地樊庄-郑庄区块L型水平井为例,通过研究分析56口发生油管窜气井的气、水变化规律,建立了窜气严重程度评价指标,利用灰色关联度法找出影响油管窜气的主控因素,明确产生油管窜气的原因,并在优化排采制度方面提出了2种防治油管窜气的方法。结果表明:井筒环空的液柱高度是引发油管窜气的先决条件,油管窜气随液柱高度降低突然发生,当液柱高度大于75m时,出水口不窜气或以轻、中度窜气为主;当液柱高度小于75m时,以重度窜气为主,且发生窜气后其窜气程度随液柱高度的降低呈指数增大。气液比是影响窜气程度大小的关键因素,且窜气程度随气液比的增大呈对数增大,当气液比小于30时,以轻度和中度窜气为主,当气液比大于30时,以重度窜气为主。通过控制恒定高套压,采取“控压排水”法,可有效提高泵吸入口附近两相流的持液率;通过控制日产气量,采取“控产排水”法,将泵吸入口附近的气液比降低至30以下,可有效降低油管窜气程度。在此基础上,结合防窜气排采举升工艺,最终实现油管窜气的标本兼治。

Numerical analysis of seepage flow characteristic of collapse column under the influence of mining

Based on the importance of fractured rock mass seepage research, in order to analyze seepage flow characteristics of collapse column under the influence of mining, a method by embedding fractured rock mass flow solid coupling relationship into FLAC3D internal flow models is presented according to fluid-solid coupling theory and strength criterion. A calculation model of numerical analysis was established, and the influences of mining pressure and plastic damage to pore water pressure and seepage vector change rule were studied. The results show that collapse column is the main channel of confined water seepage upward. The impact is not big when the workface is away from the collapse column. But when the workface is nearing a collapse column, there will be a seepage channel on a side near the workface, in which seepage vector and head are comparatively large. With workface pushing through collapse column, the seepage channel transfers to the other side of the column. In addition, when the plastic damage area within the collapse column breaks through, a "pipeline flow" will be formed within the column, and seepage field will change remarkably and the possibility of water bursting will be greater.

新型装配式槽钢连接节点有限元分析

针对焊接节点易出现脆性破坏的问题,提出一种钢管混凝土柱-H型钢梁槽钢连接节点。对6个试件进行Abaqus有限元分析,模拟分析节点在低周反复荷载下的抗震性能。结果表明,轴压比增大会增强节点的耗能能力,轴压比为0.4时节点的耗能能力最好;翼缘连接板厚度增加会增加节点的承载力和耗能能力,最优的翼缘连接板厚度为10 mm。

高速通道压裂过程中支撑剂运移规律研究

高速通道压裂是近年在非常规致密油气资源开采中出现的新技术.为了研究高速通道压裂过程中支撑剂运移规律,基于CFD-DEM方法,建立高速通道压裂三维模型,首先对纤维柱的有无、纤维柱的排列方式和纤维柱尺寸对高速通道形成的影响,并进一步研究压裂液黏度、支撑剂密度对支撑剂运移规律的影响.结果表明:随着纤维加入压裂液中,支撑剂颗粒流速出现差异性变化;由并行排列变为交错排列,支撑颗粒的流速由快变慢,流速较快的颗粒出现在裂缝底部的数目减少;采取纤维柱交错排列方式且纤维柱半径较小,有利于快速形成支撑柱,获得较高的裂缝导流能力;随着压裂液黏度的增大,纤维吸附颗粒数目在不断减少;当压裂液密度为1000 kg/m^(3)时,支撑柱颗粒数目随支撑剂密度的增大而缩减少,而压裂液密度增大为2000 kg/m^(3)时,支撑柱颗粒数目则呈现增大趋势.研究成果丰富了高速通道压裂技术的研究.

LTCC基板内嵌金属柱多层微流道技术

针对混合模块功率集成密度增加带来的热管理效率提升困难问题,开展了LTCC基板内嵌金属柱多层微流道结构设计、工艺制造与散热性能研究。结果显示多层微流道内嵌金属柱能有效提升LTCC基板热管理效率,对于典型发热功率15 W的热源,微流道工作时热源温度由175℃以上降低到80℃以内,为提升高集成密度模块热管理效率提供新思路与方法。

微小流道冷板换热性能研究

为解决高热流密度、大功耗电子器件散热问题,设计了一种串、并联结合的微小流道集成模块冷板进行局部强化传热。结合热源温度、流体压降、均温性等因素,基于流体传热仿真的评估方法对冷板进行换热性能分析和优化。在微小通道区域,研究对比矩形长直型、圆形扰流柱、菱形扰流柱3种不同流道结构形式对冷板传热性能及流动特性的影响。研究结果表明:使用菱形扰流柱形式的微流道与矩形长直流道相比,最高温度降低23.8℃,均温性减小7.7℃,能满足冷板表面最高温度≤65℃的要求。菱形扰流柱可以大幅强化换热效果,散热效果提高了27%左右,取得了较好的工作温度和均温性。

青藏高原地区大气臭氧变化的研究

文中综述了对青藏高原夏季大气臭氧低值中心的出现和可能形成的机理的一些研究结果。发现了青藏高原在夏季存在大气臭氧总量低值中心的事实 ,研究了该低值中心的背景环流特征 ;证实了青藏高原地区确为对流层与平流层物质输送的通道之一 ,以及它对青藏高原臭氧低值中心形成所起的作用 ;并用数值模拟方法揭示了该低值中心的形成原因。另外用资料证实了青藏高原地区夏季不但存在大气臭氧低值中心 ,而且该低值中心是一个强大气臭氧递减中心的事实。最后介绍了用数值模拟方法来预测青藏高原地区大气臭氧未来变化的趋势。

U形渠道便携式板柱结合型量水槽水力性能研究

针对灌区小型渠道数目多、需测控的断面多、而宜采用的移动式量水设备仍不够完善的问题,借鉴移动式薄板量水槽和圆柱量水槽的优点,设计了一种便携式板柱结合型量水槽,在分析量水槽测流机理的基础上,开展原型试验和数值模拟研究,并应用量纲分析法建立测流公式。结果表明,量水槽具有较好的水位流量关系,上游壅水高度在1.85~13.69cm之间,临界淹没度在0.70~0.91之间,槽前弗汝徳数均小于0.5;板柱结合型量水槽比现有的圆柱量水槽和带尾翼的圆头量水槽体型小,便携度高,流线分布稍差,上游壅水高度稍大,临界淹没度稍低,但能满足灌区测流要求;量水槽测流精度高,平均测流相对误差为2.07%。

U形渠道圆头量水柱测流影响因素试验及模拟

为研究U形渠道圆头量水柱的测流规律及影响因素，基于绕流理论和RNGk-ε湍流模型，对18种体型圆头量水柱5种工况下的水力性能进行全流场数值计算，获得了时均流场、断面流速分布及柱后水流流态，并与实测值进行对比。同时，通过模型试验与数值仿真研究了V形尾翼对测流的影响。结果表明：水力参数的实测值与模拟值具有较好的一致性，渠道底坡为1/1000，流量为45.01L/s，收缩比及长宽比分别为0.50和2时，驻点处横断面最大流速模拟值与实测值相对误差为1.51%，水深15cm位置剖面最大流速模拟值与实测值相对误差为0.45%。适宜长宽比的V形尾翼可以有效改善过槽水流：当收缩比为0.50～0.75时，建议长宽比为3/2～2；当收缩比＜0.50时，长宽比应相应增大，但不宜＞5/2。通过回归分析得到的圆头量水柱流量计算公式，在收缩比为0.63时最大测流误差为4.95%，平均误差仅为0.10%，该研究为圆头量水柱在中国北方灌区末级渠系的进一步应用提供参考。

卷边槽形截面冷弯厚壁型钢冷弯效应

为研究开口冷弯厚壁型钢中冷弯效应对截面屈服强度的影响,进行了材性拉伸和短柱轴压试验.首先,选取了5根壁厚分别为3,8,12和16 mm、屈服强度分别为Q235和Q345的冷弯卷边槽钢,对其截面中的腹板、翼缘、卷边、弯角部位分别取样进行材性拉伸试验,在此基础上提出了冷弯厚壁卷边槽钢截面屈服强度分布模型.然后,选取了与材性试验相同规格的5根短柱进行轴心受压试验,以进一步研究全截面屈服强度的提高情况.最后,将短柱试验结果与屈服强度分布模型、主要国外相关规范公式的计算结果分别进行了对比.结果发现,冷弯强化效应对冷弯厚壁型钢的屈服强度影响较大,其影响程度主要取决于板件宽厚比;屈服强度分布模型、各国规范公式计算结果与试验值接近,但均略偏于不安全,其中我国规范GB 50018—2002计算的值最接近试验值,且离散系数小,适用性最好.

CFRP加固冷弯薄壁C型钢长构件的轴压承载力

为了研究CFRP加固冷弯薄壁C型钢长构件的承载能力,对腹板和翼缘均粘贴CFRP的试件进行了轴心受压加载试验。7根长度均为1 400mm的试件,其中1根为未加固的控制试件,其余6根封闭缠绕外贴50mm宽CFRP间距为50、100、150mm 3种情况,层数为1层和2层。试验结果表明,在轴心荷载作用下的破坏模式为整体弯扭失稳,与控制试件相比,加固后试件的稳定极限承载力均有不同程度的提高;当CFRP间距与腹板高度的比值小于1时,加固效果较理想,且2层CFRP的加固效果好于1层。最后,采用有限元对模型进行数值模拟,对比试验数据和数值模拟结果,二者吻合较好。

U型渠道板柱复合式流量量测装置水力特性数值模拟

为了发展节水农业、促进灌区高效用水、合理分配水资源,研发了一种携带方便、计量准确、可移动的U型渠道流量量测装置--板柱复合式流量量测装置.基于Flow-3D软件,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型,对板柱复合式流量量测装置水力特性进行了数值计算,并对模拟结果进行试验验证.结果表明:模拟得到的渠道水流横向流速、垂向流速及量测装置旋转角度与流量之间的关系与试验结果一致,且最大相对误差不超过5.4%;渠道自由液面横向流速从中心到近壁面呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势;渠道上游中心断面垂向流速从底部到自由液面呈现增大的变化趋势,而下游中心断面垂向流速却呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,最大垂向流速位于自由液面以下某一位置;板柱复合式流量量测装置对渠道内水流最大影响范围是距量测装置上游0.35 m到其下游0.94 m之间的流场区域.

我国电视科普栏目的现状及发展对策

电视科普栏目是进行电视科普的基础。对我国电视频道进行调查的结果显示,当前不论是科教频道还是非科教频道,电视科普栏目的制作、播出及收视等环节都存在较大的问题,科教频道作为电视科普的主阵地,多数频道科普栏目设置量少,播放时间比例低,制作能力有限,收视率低,非科教频道更是如此。这种局面严重制约着公众对科技信息和科普知识的获取,为解决这些问题,必须提高制作能力,提供政策保障并加大资金投入。