The unity of “party spirit-people’s nature” is the basic proposition of Xi Jinping’s governance.Deng Xiaoping summarized the experience and lessons in the early days of reform and opening up,and put forward the ba...The unity of “party spirit-people’s nature” is the basic proposition of Xi Jinping’s governance.Deng Xiaoping summarized the experience and lessons in the early days of reform and opening up,and put forward the basic line of the “leadership and unity” of the party in the early stage of socialism around “one center,two basic points”;Xi Jinping’s so-called “unification”,which is based on the the basic line of Deng Xiaoping’s initial stage of building a socialist country that is “rich,strong,democratic,civilized,harmonious and beautiful”,has further established the importance of “people as the center” and “party’s leadership”.Therefore,the “people-centered” and “the party’s overall leadership” are unified and become the basic idea of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s governance of the country.Xi Jinping has put forward the unity of “party spirit-people’s nature”,the “consistency” between governing the country and politics,and the “integration” between the people’s interests and the party’s leadership,thus forming “persistence”,“comprehensive”,“confidence”,“maintenance” and other assertions.展开更多
An exploratory survey was conducted among the Khasia living in Lawachara National Parkt (LNP) to investigate their depend- ency on the protected area (PA) for livelihoods, betel leaf hill farming, traditional fore...An exploratory survey was conducted among the Khasia living in Lawachara National Parkt (LNP) to investigate their depend- ency on the protected area (PA) for livelihoods, betel leaf hill farming, traditional forest conservation and perceptions of the PA, Field data were collected by interviewing 48 household heads from two villages (punjis) located inside the LNP and visiting their farms.: The economy of the Khasia was forest-based. They were largely dependent on betel leaf hill farming in LNP and nearly 71% of their mean annual income was de- rived from this irrespective of farmer category. On average, about 14% of the incomes of the poorer farmers came from forest produce followed by 10% and 6% for medium and rich farmers respectively. Hills and forests were the foundations of their lives and livelihoods, and LNP was the life-blood of Khasia survival. As a sustainable production system, this farming practice plays a vital role in conserving biodiversity in LNP and might be replicated elsewhere.展开更多
The word "Puritan" originated in the 1560s.As the word itself hints,Puritans wanted to purify their religious belief and practice.Puritan thoughts dominated American life with its influence in two aspects:th...The word "Puritan" originated in the 1560s.As the word itself hints,Puritans wanted to purify their religious belief and practice.Puritan thoughts dominated American life with its influence in two aspects:the positive and the negative.For the positive side,it should be kept on.For the negative side,it should be taken away.展开更多
This paper examines how radio listening clubs CRLCs) can be used to improve the lives of ordinary people in Malawi especially in rural areas. The paper draws its conclusion from data obtained through focus group disc...This paper examines how radio listening clubs CRLCs) can be used to improve the lives of ordinary people in Malawi especially in rural areas. The paper draws its conclusion from data obtained through focus group discussions (FGDs~) with members of RLCs of two community radio stations, namely Nkhotakota and Mzimba. Other data collection techniques employed are semi-structured interviews with station managers of the two radio stations and members of non-governmental organizations CNGOs~ working with the RLCs. The paper argues that RLCs can create a platform for ordinary people to share, discuss, and find ways of how they can increase food availability in their homes, alleviate their poverty, empower ordinary people, and enable them to access loans and farm inputs. In that way, RLCs can contribute to the transformation of ordinary people's lives in the rural areas.展开更多
People's livelihood in several Himalayan regions largely depends on collection,use,and trade of medicinal plants.Traditional use is generally not a problem,but commercial gathering of selected species to meet incr...People's livelihood in several Himalayan regions largely depends on collection,use,and trade of medicinal plants.Traditional use is generally not a problem,but commercial gathering of selected species to meet increasing national and international demand can result in over-exploitation.Sustainable management of medicinal plants requires a clear understanding of the respective roles,responsibilities and viewpoints of the various stakeholders involved.Through personal interviews and group discussions,this study aimed at investigating the views of two stakeholder groups on use,trade and conservation of medicinal plants in the Rasuwa district of Nepal.Local people and district and national organizations agreed that medicinal plants are collected for a combination of commercial and personal uses.Perceptions on market availability differed significantly:100 % of the respondents from district and national organizations saw markets as easily available,against only 36 % for local people.This could explain why medicinal plants were perceived by local people to contribute less to income generation than to livelihood improvement.Different viewpoints were also expressed concerning the status of medicinal plants in the district:81 % of the respondents from district and national organizationsconsidered that medicinal plants were threatened,compared to only 28 % for local people.Despite this disparity,both stakeholder groups agreed upon potential threats to medicinal plants:over-harvesting;habitat loss due to land-use change and deforestation;and over-grazing by livestock.Several challenges were identified regarding sustainable management of medicinal plants,such as ambiguous policies;lack of resources,information and infrastructures;habitat degradation;and over-exploitation.Despite these challenges,respondents agreed that the medicinal plants sector offers huge opportunities in the Rasuwa district,given resource availability,community awareness and motivation,and the priority given to the sector by governments and other agencies.Proper collaboration,communication and coordination among stakeholders are needed to grab these opportunities.展开更多
THE people" is a frequently mentioned phrase,to the extent of being the main theme of the report delivered at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)by General Secretary Xi Jinping."W...THE people" is a frequently mentioned phrase,to the extent of being the main theme of the report delivered at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)by General Secretary Xi Jinping."We must put the people’s interests above all else,see that the gains of reform and development benefit all our people in a展开更多
The livelihoods and well-being of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal communities in remote and rural northern Australia are dependent upon the ecosystem services provided by tropical ecosystems. The well-being of all Austr...The livelihoods and well-being of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal communities in remote and rural northern Australia are dependent upon the ecosystem services provided by tropical ecosystems. The well-being of all Australian citizens is measured by the Australia Bureau of Statistics (ABS) using socio-economic indicators. In this study we investigated the importance of non-market benefits derived from ecosystem services for Aboriginal well-being. Through a case study with the Mullunburra-Yidinji people in the Wet Tropics, Queensland, we applied the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) framework to identify the links between ecosystem services and the MA's six constituents of human well-being. The study demonstrated that cultural and provisioning services were key determinants of community well-being, and these are not currently measured by the ABS. We adapt the MA framework to include the ABS indicators and explore the potential strengths and weaknesses of the approach for measuring the well-being of contemporary remote and rural Aboriginal communities.展开更多
The People's Republic of China Social Insurance Law (draft) has undergone three readings at the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. The Law, once promulgated, will be of great significance to imp...The People's Republic of China Social Insurance Law (draft) has undergone three readings at the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. The Law, once promulgated, will be of great significance to implementation of the constitutional principle of "respecting and protecting human rights." It will help regulate the various social insurance relationships and the rights and obligations of the parties involved.展开更多
1. Concept of People's Livelihood in Traditional Chinese Culture The concept of human rights was borrowed from the West. In order to have it become rooted in China, people needed to find traces in Chinese culture on ...1. Concept of People's Livelihood in Traditional Chinese Culture The concept of human rights was borrowed from the West. In order to have it become rooted in China, people needed to find traces in Chinese culture on which the human rights theoretical system could be based and the Chinese human rights idea could be realized.展开更多
From a global perspective, local awareness and People Standard in three ways, conditions to establish and improve a social security system covering urban and rural areas has matured its localization requirements have ...From a global perspective, local awareness and People Standard in three ways, conditions to establish and improve a social security system covering urban and rural areas has matured its localization requirements have become more evident. Therefore, to explore the social security system with Chinese characteristics model, not only is the key to solve China's current social conflicts, as well as building a socialist harmonious society and a necessary step in the inevitable choice. Globalization and global governance movement accelerated economic globalization, social security, face the opportunities and challenges, China should establish a “China model” of pension security.展开更多
Wang Shipeng lived in a period of the Southern Song Dynasty when national conflicts,class contradictions and social problems were very serious.He insisted that the emperor should take the people as the foundation of h...Wang Shipeng lived in a period of the Southern Song Dynasty when national conflicts,class contradictions and social problems were very serious.He insisted that the emperor should take the people as the foundation of his country and local officials' administration be the critical factor in carrying out this people-oriented thought.Aiming at dealing with those phenomena which endanger the people's interests,Wang Shipeng put forward a series of measures,such as selecting virtuous competent officials,punishing merciless officials,being more cautious in passing sentences and relieving people's taxes burden and so on.Those measures were practiced in Wang's tenure of office.Wang's people-oriented thought had a high pertinence and reality in his period and was helpful in alleviating the conflicts and stabilizing the social situation.The economy was developed and so was the imperial court's cohesion.In spite of its limitation in protecting the rule of the Southern Song Dynasty,Wang's people-oriented thought made a great historical progress.展开更多
Shared development is an important means by which to improve people’s livelihood and well-being in the new era. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016–2020), China has made great achievements in the three major...Shared development is an important means by which to improve people’s livelihood and well-being in the new era. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016–2020), China has made great achievements in the three major aspects of targeted poverty alleviation through industrial development, development of special rural areas, and equalization of urban and rural infrastructure and basic public services. In addition, the important experience of multi-agent participation, multi-mode guidance, and multi-line promotion has been accumulated in the individual, regional and urbanrural dimensions. However, there remain some deficiencies, such as low policy efficiency, poor matching ability, and prominent structural problems. At the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025), the task of enriching farmers through sharing has been faced with many challenges, such as major changes in the focus of poverty governance, greater numbers of restraints on the development of special rural areas, and heavy responsibilities of equalizing urban and rural infrastructure and basic public services. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire a profound understanding of the new development concept, and to continuously enrich farmers through sharing in terms of accelerating the improvement of the institutionalized poverty reduction system in the new era, actively building a green development system of agriculture and animal husbandry in special rural areas, and striving to create a fair and complementary urban and rural infrastructure and basic public service system.展开更多
文摘The unity of “party spirit-people’s nature” is the basic proposition of Xi Jinping’s governance.Deng Xiaoping summarized the experience and lessons in the early days of reform and opening up,and put forward the basic line of the “leadership and unity” of the party in the early stage of socialism around “one center,two basic points”;Xi Jinping’s so-called “unification”,which is based on the the basic line of Deng Xiaoping’s initial stage of building a socialist country that is “rich,strong,democratic,civilized,harmonious and beautiful”,has further established the importance of “people as the center” and “party’s leadership”.Therefore,the “people-centered” and “the party’s overall leadership” are unified and become the basic idea of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s governance of the country.Xi Jinping has put forward the unity of “party spirit-people’s nature”,the “consistency” between governing the country and politics,and the “integration” between the people’s interests and the party’s leadership,thus forming “persistence”,“comprehensive”,“confidence”,“maintenance” and other assertions.
文摘An exploratory survey was conducted among the Khasia living in Lawachara National Parkt (LNP) to investigate their depend- ency on the protected area (PA) for livelihoods, betel leaf hill farming, traditional forest conservation and perceptions of the PA, Field data were collected by interviewing 48 household heads from two villages (punjis) located inside the LNP and visiting their farms.: The economy of the Khasia was forest-based. They were largely dependent on betel leaf hill farming in LNP and nearly 71% of their mean annual income was de- rived from this irrespective of farmer category. On average, about 14% of the incomes of the poorer farmers came from forest produce followed by 10% and 6% for medium and rich farmers respectively. Hills and forests were the foundations of their lives and livelihoods, and LNP was the life-blood of Khasia survival. As a sustainable production system, this farming practice plays a vital role in conserving biodiversity in LNP and might be replicated elsewhere.
文摘The word "Puritan" originated in the 1560s.As the word itself hints,Puritans wanted to purify their religious belief and practice.Puritan thoughts dominated American life with its influence in two aspects:the positive and the negative.For the positive side,it should be kept on.For the negative side,it should be taken away.
文摘This paper examines how radio listening clubs CRLCs) can be used to improve the lives of ordinary people in Malawi especially in rural areas. The paper draws its conclusion from data obtained through focus group discussions (FGDs~) with members of RLCs of two community radio stations, namely Nkhotakota and Mzimba. Other data collection techniques employed are semi-structured interviews with station managers of the two radio stations and members of non-governmental organizations CNGOs~ working with the RLCs. The paper argues that RLCs can create a platform for ordinary people to share, discuss, and find ways of how they can increase food availability in their homes, alleviate their poverty, empower ordinary people, and enable them to access loans and farm inputs. In that way, RLCs can contribute to the transformation of ordinary people's lives in the rural areas.
文摘People's livelihood in several Himalayan regions largely depends on collection,use,and trade of medicinal plants.Traditional use is generally not a problem,but commercial gathering of selected species to meet increasing national and international demand can result in over-exploitation.Sustainable management of medicinal plants requires a clear understanding of the respective roles,responsibilities and viewpoints of the various stakeholders involved.Through personal interviews and group discussions,this study aimed at investigating the views of two stakeholder groups on use,trade and conservation of medicinal plants in the Rasuwa district of Nepal.Local people and district and national organizations agreed that medicinal plants are collected for a combination of commercial and personal uses.Perceptions on market availability differed significantly:100 % of the respondents from district and national organizations saw markets as easily available,against only 36 % for local people.This could explain why medicinal plants were perceived by local people to contribute less to income generation than to livelihood improvement.Different viewpoints were also expressed concerning the status of medicinal plants in the district:81 % of the respondents from district and national organizationsconsidered that medicinal plants were threatened,compared to only 28 % for local people.Despite this disparity,both stakeholder groups agreed upon potential threats to medicinal plants:over-harvesting;habitat loss due to land-use change and deforestation;and over-grazing by livestock.Several challenges were identified regarding sustainable management of medicinal plants,such as ambiguous policies;lack of resources,information and infrastructures;habitat degradation;and over-exploitation.Despite these challenges,respondents agreed that the medicinal plants sector offers huge opportunities in the Rasuwa district,given resource availability,community awareness and motivation,and the priority given to the sector by governments and other agencies.Proper collaboration,communication and coordination among stakeholders are needed to grab these opportunities.
文摘THE people" is a frequently mentioned phrase,to the extent of being the main theme of the report delivered at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)by General Secretary Xi Jinping."We must put the people’s interests above all else,see that the gains of reform and development benefit all our people in a
文摘The livelihoods and well-being of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal communities in remote and rural northern Australia are dependent upon the ecosystem services provided by tropical ecosystems. The well-being of all Australian citizens is measured by the Australia Bureau of Statistics (ABS) using socio-economic indicators. In this study we investigated the importance of non-market benefits derived from ecosystem services for Aboriginal well-being. Through a case study with the Mullunburra-Yidinji people in the Wet Tropics, Queensland, we applied the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) framework to identify the links between ecosystem services and the MA's six constituents of human well-being. The study demonstrated that cultural and provisioning services were key determinants of community well-being, and these are not currently measured by the ABS. We adapt the MA framework to include the ABS indicators and explore the potential strengths and weaknesses of the approach for measuring the well-being of contemporary remote and rural Aboriginal communities.
文摘The People's Republic of China Social Insurance Law (draft) has undergone three readings at the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. The Law, once promulgated, will be of great significance to implementation of the constitutional principle of "respecting and protecting human rights." It will help regulate the various social insurance relationships and the rights and obligations of the parties involved.
文摘1. Concept of People's Livelihood in Traditional Chinese Culture The concept of human rights was borrowed from the West. In order to have it become rooted in China, people needed to find traces in Chinese culture on which the human rights theoretical system could be based and the Chinese human rights idea could be realized.
文摘From a global perspective, local awareness and People Standard in three ways, conditions to establish and improve a social security system covering urban and rural areas has matured its localization requirements have become more evident. Therefore, to explore the social security system with Chinese characteristics model, not only is the key to solve China's current social conflicts, as well as building a socialist harmonious society and a necessary step in the inevitable choice. Globalization and global governance movement accelerated economic globalization, social security, face the opportunities and challenges, China should establish a “China model” of pension security.
文摘Wang Shipeng lived in a period of the Southern Song Dynasty when national conflicts,class contradictions and social problems were very serious.He insisted that the emperor should take the people as the foundation of his country and local officials' administration be the critical factor in carrying out this people-oriented thought.Aiming at dealing with those phenomena which endanger the people's interests,Wang Shipeng put forward a series of measures,such as selecting virtuous competent officials,punishing merciless officials,being more cautious in passing sentences and relieving people's taxes burden and so on.Those measures were practiced in Wang's tenure of office.Wang's people-oriented thought had a high pertinence and reality in his period and was helpful in alleviating the conflicts and stabilizing the social situation.The economy was developed and so was the imperial court's cohesion.In spite of its limitation in protecting the rule of the Southern Song Dynasty,Wang's people-oriented thought made a great historical progress.
基金This article is supported by the“Special Fund Projects for the Construction of World-Class Universities(Disciplines)Characteristic Development Guidance in Central Universities"(No.15XNL004)of Renmin University of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72073135&No.71773134).
文摘Shared development is an important means by which to improve people’s livelihood and well-being in the new era. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016–2020), China has made great achievements in the three major aspects of targeted poverty alleviation through industrial development, development of special rural areas, and equalization of urban and rural infrastructure and basic public services. In addition, the important experience of multi-agent participation, multi-mode guidance, and multi-line promotion has been accumulated in the individual, regional and urbanrural dimensions. However, there remain some deficiencies, such as low policy efficiency, poor matching ability, and prominent structural problems. At the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025), the task of enriching farmers through sharing has been faced with many challenges, such as major changes in the focus of poverty governance, greater numbers of restraints on the development of special rural areas, and heavy responsibilities of equalizing urban and rural infrastructure and basic public services. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire a profound understanding of the new development concept, and to continuously enrich farmers through sharing in terms of accelerating the improvement of the institutionalized poverty reduction system in the new era, actively building a green development system of agriculture and animal husbandry in special rural areas, and striving to create a fair and complementary urban and rural infrastructure and basic public service system.