The massively separated flow past triple cylin- ders （TriC） in tandem arrangement is simulated using the improved delayed detached-eddy simulation （IDDES） method based on the shear stress transport （SST） model, ...The massively separated flow past triple cylin- ders （TriC） in tandem arrangement is simulated using the improved delayed detached-eddy simulation （IDDES） method based on the shear stress transport （SST） model, coupled with the high order adaptive dissipation scheme. The spacing between adjacent cylinders is sub-critical （1.435D）. IDDES prediction of two cylinders （TC） with the same spacing is compared to experimental data for validation, and the numerical results agree well with the available measurements, except for the asymmetry in the gap region. The flow past TriC is investigated using the same method. Generally, the mean flow quantities past TriC, such as the velocity, pressure, and vorticity, are similar to the corresponding components of TC. However, the pressure fluctuations on the TriC surface are uniformly larger than those on TC. Meanwhile, the instantaneous flows past TriC are much more complex. The periodical blockage in the first gap region is found in the TriC case and leads to the up-and-down movement of shear layer in the second gap region.展开更多
CS-CMC bipolar membrane was prepared and the cross-section photograph of CS-CMC BM was observed by SEM. FT-IR spectrum indicated that CS-CMC BM contained -N=CRH2^＋ and -COO^- functional groups. The charge density of ...CS-CMC bipolar membrane was prepared and the cross-section photograph of CS-CMC BM was observed by SEM. FT-IR spectrum indicated that CS-CMC BM contained -N=CRH2^＋ and -COO^- functional groups. The charge density of -N--CRH2^＋ in CS membrane was about 14.13 mmol/g and the charge density of -COO in CMC membrane was about 9.01 mmol/g. The electrochemistry properties of CS-CMC BM were also studied. CS-CMC BM not only can effectively stop FeO4^2- from diffusing into the cathode chamber, but also plays an important role in the supply of OH＂ consumed during the electro-generated FeO4^2- process.展开更多
In microcantilever-based label-free biodetection technologies, deflection changes induced by adsorptions of double-stranded DNA （dsDNA） molecules on Au-layer surface are greatly affected by the mechanical, thermal a...In microcantilever-based label-free biodetection technologies, deflection changes induced by adsorptions of double-stranded DNA （dsDNA） molecules on Au-layer surface are greatly affected by the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of DNA biofilm. In this paper, the elastic properties of dsDNA biofilm are studied. First, the Parsegian＇s empirical potential based on a mesoscopic liq- uid crystal theory is employed to describe the interaction energy among coarse-grained DNA cylinders. Then, con- sidering a Gaussian distribution of DNA interaxial distance, the thought experiment method is used to derive an analyti- cal expression for Young＇s modulus of DNA biofilm with a stochastic packing pattern for the first time. Results show that Young＇s modulus of DNA biofilm is on the order of 10 MPa. These findings could provide a simple and effective method to evaluate the mechanical properties of soft biofilm on snbstrate.展开更多
In the paper, two theoretical poroelastic osteon models are presented to compare their poroelastic behaviors, one is the hollow osteon model （Haversian fluid is neglected） and the other is the osteon model with Have...In the paper, two theoretical poroelastic osteon models are presented to compare their poroelastic behaviors, one is the hollow osteon model （Haversian fluid is neglected） and the other is the osteon model with Haversian fluid con- sidered. They both have the same two types of imperme- able exterior boundary conditions, one is elastic restraint and the other is displacement constrained, which can be used for analyzing other experiments performed on similarly shaped poroelastic specimens. The obtained analytical pressure and velocity solutions demonstrate the effects of the loading fac- tors and the material parameters, which may have a signifi- cant stimulus to the mechanotransduction of bone remodel- ing signals. Model comparisons indicate： （1） The Haversian fluid can enhance the whole osteonal fluid pressure and ve- locity fields. （2） In the hollow model, the key loading fac- tor governing the poroelastic behavior of the osteon is strain rate, while in the model with Haversian fluid considered, the strain rate governs only the velocity. （3） The pressure ampli- tude is proportional to the loading frequency in the hollow model, while in the model with Haversian fluid considered, the loading frequency has little effect on the pressure ampli- tude.展开更多
Rabies is one of the most dangerous and widespread zoonosis and is characterized by severe neurological signs and a high case-mortality rate of nearly 100%. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent rabies in h...Rabies is one of the most dangerous and widespread zoonosis and is characterized by severe neurological signs and a high case-mortality rate of nearly 100%. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent rabies in humans and animals. In this study, the relationship between exhaustive exercise and the humoral immune response after immunization with inactivated rabies vaccine was investigated in a mouse model with one-time exhaustive exercise. It was found that compared with the mice with no exercise after vaccination, no significant differences were found in those with exhaustive exercise after vaccination on body-weight changes, virus-neutralizing antibody(VNA) titers, antibody subtypes and survivor ratio after lethal rabies virus(RABV) challenge. This study indicated that exhaustive exercise does not reduce the effects of the rabies inactivated vaccine.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 11372159)
文摘The massively separated flow past triple cylin- ders （TriC） in tandem arrangement is simulated using the improved delayed detached-eddy simulation （IDDES） method based on the shear stress transport （SST） model, coupled with the high order adaptive dissipation scheme. The spacing between adjacent cylinders is sub-critical （1.435D）. IDDES prediction of two cylinders （TC） with the same spacing is compared to experimental data for validation, and the numerical results agree well with the available measurements, except for the asymmetry in the gap region. The flow past TriC is investigated using the same method. Generally, the mean flow quantities past TriC, such as the velocity, pressure, and vorticity, are similar to the corresponding components of TC. However, the pressure fluctuations on the TriC surface are uniformly larger than those on TC. Meanwhile, the instantaneous flows past TriC are much more complex. The periodical blockage in the first gap region is found in the TriC case and leads to the up-and-down movement of shear layer in the second gap region.
文摘CS-CMC bipolar membrane was prepared and the cross-section photograph of CS-CMC BM was observed by SEM. FT-IR spectrum indicated that CS-CMC BM contained -N=CRH2^＋ and -COO^- functional groups. The charge density of -N--CRH2^＋ in CS membrane was about 14.13 mmol/g and the charge density of -COO in CMC membrane was about 9.01 mmol/g. The electrochemistry properties of CS-CMC BM were also studied. CS-CMC BM not only can effectively stop FeO4^2- from diffusing into the cathode chamber, but also plays an important role in the supply of OH＂ consumed during the electro-generated FeO4^2- process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11272193 and 10872121)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(S30106)
文摘In microcantilever-based label-free biodetection technologies, deflection changes induced by adsorptions of double-stranded DNA （dsDNA） molecules on Au-layer surface are greatly affected by the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of DNA biofilm. In this paper, the elastic properties of dsDNA biofilm are studied. First, the Parsegian＇s empirical potential based on a mesoscopic liq- uid crystal theory is employed to describe the interaction energy among coarse-grained DNA cylinders. Then, con- sidering a Gaussian distribution of DNA interaxial distance, the thought experiment method is used to derive an analyti- cal expression for Young＇s modulus of DNA biofilm with a stochastic packing pattern for the first time. Results show that Young＇s modulus of DNA biofilm is on the order of 10 MPa. These findings could provide a simple and effective method to evaluate the mechanical properties of soft biofilm on snbstrate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11032008 and 11302143)
文摘In the paper, two theoretical poroelastic osteon models are presented to compare their poroelastic behaviors, one is the hollow osteon model （Haversian fluid is neglected） and the other is the osteon model with Haversian fluid con- sidered. They both have the same two types of imperme- able exterior boundary conditions, one is elastic restraint and the other is displacement constrained, which can be used for analyzing other experiments performed on similarly shaped poroelastic specimens. The obtained analytical pressure and velocity solutions demonstrate the effects of the loading fac- tors and the material parameters, which may have a signifi- cant stimulus to the mechanotransduction of bone remodel- ing signals. Model comparisons indicate： （1） The Haversian fluid can enhance the whole osteonal fluid pressure and ve- locity fields. （2） In the hollow model, the key loading fac- tor governing the poroelastic behavior of the osteon is strain rate, while in the model with Haversian fluid considered, the strain rate governs only the velocity. （3） The pressure ampli- tude is proportional to the loading frequency in the hollow model, while in the model with Haversian fluid considered, the loading frequency has little effect on the pressure ampli- tude.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31702248, 31402176, 31372419 and 31522057)the National Science Foundation for Postdoctoral Scientists of China (Grant No. 20163M590701)+2 种基金the National Program on Key Research Project of China (2016YFD0500400)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2662016QD036, to MZ) the Ministry of Agriculture of China (special fund for Agro-scientific research in the Public Interest, 201303042)
文摘Rabies is one of the most dangerous and widespread zoonosis and is characterized by severe neurological signs and a high case-mortality rate of nearly 100%. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent rabies in humans and animals. In this study, the relationship between exhaustive exercise and the humoral immune response after immunization with inactivated rabies vaccine was investigated in a mouse model with one-time exhaustive exercise. It was found that compared with the mice with no exercise after vaccination, no significant differences were found in those with exhaustive exercise after vaccination on body-weight changes, virus-neutralizing antibody(VNA) titers, antibody subtypes and survivor ratio after lethal rabies virus(RABV) challenge. This study indicated that exhaustive exercise does not reduce the effects of the rabies inactivated vaccine.
