A modified OMP method for multi-orbit three dimensional ISAR imaging of the space target

The conventional two dimensional(2D)inverse synthetic aperture radar(ISAR)imaging fails to provide the targets'three dimensional(3D)information.In this paper,a 3D ISAR imaging method for the space target is proposed based on mutliorbit observation data and an improved orthogonal matching pursuit(OMP)algorithm.Firstly,the 3D scattered field data is converted into a set of 2D matrix by stacking slices of the 3D data along the elevation direction dimension.Then,an improved OMP algorithm is applied to recover the space target's amplitude information via the 2D matrix data.Finally,scattering centers can be reconstructed with specific three dimensional locations.Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed 3D imaging method.

Modified Lorentz Transformations and Space-Time Splitting According to the Inverse Relativity Model

Analysis of a four-dimensional displacement vector on the fabric of space-time in the special or general case into two Four-dimensional vectors, according to specific conditions leads to the splitting of the total fabric of space-time into a positive subspace-time that represents the space of causality and a negative subspace-time which represents a space without causality, thus, in the special case, we have new transformations for the coordinates of space and time modified from Lorentz transformations specific to each subspace, where the contraction of length disappears and the speed of light is no longer a universal constant. In the general case, we have new types of matric tensor, one for positive subspace-time and the other for negative subspace-time. We also find that the speed of the photon decreases in positive subspace-time until it reaches zero and increases in negative subspace-time until it reaches the speed of light when the photon reaches the Schwarzschild radius.

Four-Dimensional Mathematics Creates the Super Universe

In the common theory of the Universe, the redshift of the light wavelength from distant stars indicates the speed of the star. In this study, the model of the Universe is the surface volume of the four-dimensional sphere, and the shape of the Universe results in the most of the redshift of light wavelength. Therefore, there is no dark energy accelerating the Universe. The surface of the four-dimensional sphere is a volume, and this volume is a good model for the Universe. The surface volume of the four-dimensional sphere has been explained by a model of four-dimensional cube, within which the forming of surface volume can be easily shown. The model of four-dimensional cube containing six side cubes is ingenious for explaining the structure of the four-dimensional Universe, but it is not enough because the four-dimensional cube has not six side cubes, but eight side cubes. Therefore, in this study a better method has been created to construct the four-dimensional cube. Our three-dimensional Universe is the surface of the four-dimensional sphere Universe. The volume of our three-dimensional Universe is finite, and beneath it is the infinite volume four-dimensional Super Universe. Two important basic formulae have been derived: The surface volume of the four-dimensional sphere is π3R3 in which R is the radius of the sphere, and the fourth-power volume of the four-dimensional sphere is 1/4 π3R4. The volume of the Universe has been calculated π3R3 = 62 × 1030 ly3. Time as the fourth dimension of the space takes effect only near the speed of light, and therefore it has been ignored in this study.

Continuous imaging space in three-dimensional integral imaging

We report an integral imaging method with continuous imaging space. This method simultaneously reconstructs real and virtual images in the virtual mode, with a minimum gap that separates the entire imaging space into real and virtual space. Experimental results show that the gap is reduced to 45% of that in a conventional integral imaging system with the same parameters.

Risk Assessment of Coal Mine Water Hazard Based on Three-Dimensional Model of Geology and Underground Space

Mine safety have top-five disasters,which including the water,gas,fire,dust and geological dynamic disaster.The coal mine water disaster is one of the important factors which restricted the development of China’s coal production.It is showed by statistics that 60%of mine accidents are affected by groundwater,which not only result in the production losses,casualties and a variety of

WORMHOLE AND THE DIMENSIONALITY OF SPACETIME IN EINSTEIN-GAUGE THEORIES

The wormhole effect is discussed in the d-dimensional Einstein-Yang-Mills theory.We show that the peak of the probability function leads to the explanation of the spontaneous compactification down to a four-dimensional spacetime and vanishing four-dimensional cosmological constant,i.e.,the observable spacetime must be four-dimensional and flat.

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous cross-linked polystyrene incorporating functional group via hydrophilic spacer arm

A versatile and effective method for incorporating functional groups on the pore wall of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous cross-linked polystyrene（3DOM CLPS） by hydrophilic spacer arm has been investigated.The 3DOM CLPS with pore size 865 nm was prepared by sacrifice template method.The hydrophilic spacer arm（polyethylene glycol,molecular weight is 600） was grafted to the 3DOM CLPS via nucleophilic substitution reaction.The other side of active hydroxyl can be further converted into a lot of other functional groups.In this report,the chelating ligand 2-mercaptobenzothiazole（MBZ） group was introduced on the end of the PGE chain to evidence the versatile functionalization approach.The functionalized ordered macroporous materials were characterized by FT-IR,element analyzer,SEM.The results reveal that the pores were successfully bonded with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole groups via hydrophilic spacer arms and the original morphology of ordered macroporous materials were remained after functionalization.The MBZ group density is 0.052 mmol/m^2.The functionalized 3DOM CLPS are expected to application as heavy metal ions adsorbent.

Solutions of Laplace Equation in n-Dimensional Spaces

The solutions of the Laplace equation in n-dimensional space are studied.The angular eigenfunctions have the form of associated Jacobi polynomials.The radial solution of the Helmholtz equation is derived.

Study on eigenvalue space of hyperchaotic canonical four-dimensional Chua's circuit

The eigenvalue space of the canonical four-dimensional Chua＇s circuit which can realize every eigenvalue for fourdimensional system is studied in this paper. First, the analytical relations between the circuit parameters and the eigenvalues of the system are established, and therefore all the circuit parameters can be determined explicitly by any given set of eigenvalues. Then, the eigenvalue space of the circuit is investigated in two cases by the nonlinear elements used. According to the types of the eigenvalues, some novel hyperchaotic attractors are presented. Further, the dynamic behaviours of the circuit are studied by the bifurcation diagrams and the Lyapunov spectra of the eigenvalues.

On Differential Equations Describing 3-Dimensional Hyperbolic Spaces

在这篇论文，我们介绍观点一(2+1 ) 描述三维的夸张空格(3-h .s.) 的维的微分方程。(2+1 ) 维的联合非线性的 Schroedinger 方程和它的姐妹方程，(2+1 ) 维的联合衍生物非线性的 Schroedinger 方程，被显示描述 3-h .s.(2+1 ) 维的概括 HFmodel： S_t =(1/( 2i )[ S ， S_y ]+ 2i σS ) _x ，σ_ x =-1/(4i) tr ( SS_xS_y )，在里面它 S ∈( GL_C ( 2 ))/( GL_C ( 1 ) X GL_C ( 1 ))，提供另一个例子( 2+1 )维的微分方程描述 3-h .s.As 直接后果，如此的方程的能量守恒定律的一个无限的数字的几何构造被说明。而且，我们显示能量守恒定律的一个新无限的数字(2+1 ) 维的非线性的 Schroedinger 方程并且(2+1 ) 由一个几何方法的维的衍生物 nonlinearSchroedinger 方程。

Three-Dimensional Space Interpolation of Grey / Depth Image Sequence-A New Technique of Computer Graphics Synthesis

This paper advances a three-dimensional space interpolation method of grey / depth image sequence, which breaks free from the limit of original practical photographing route. Pictures can cruise at will in space. By using space sparse sampling, great memorial capacity can be saved and reproduced scenes can be controlled. To solve time consuming and complex computations in three-dimensional interpolation algorithm, we have studied a fast and practical algorithm of scattered space lattice and that of 'Warp' algorithm with proper depth. By several simple aspects of three dimensional space interpolation, we succeed in developing some simple and practical algorithms. Some results of simulated experiments with computers have shown that the new method is absolutely feasible.

Indexing the bit-code and distance for fast KNN search in high-dimensional spaces

Various index structures have recently been proposed to facilitate high-dimensional KNN queries, among which the techniques of approximate vector presentation and one-dimensional (1D) transformation can break the curse of dimensionality. Based on the two techniques above, a novel high-dimensional index is proposed, called Bit-code and Distance based index (BD). BD is based on a special partitioning strategy which is optimized for high-dimensional data. By the definitions of bit code and transformation function, a high-dimensional vector can be first approximately represented and then transformed into a 1D vector, the key managed by a B+-tree. A new KNN search algorithm is also proposed that exploits the bit code and distance to prune the search space more effectively. Results of extensive experiments using both synthetic and real data demonstrated that BD out- performs the existing index structures for KNN search in high-dimensional spaces.

Amplitude-squared squeezing of the generalized odd-even coherent states of the anharmonic oscillator in a finite-dimensional Hilbert space

This paper discusses the properties of amplitude-squared squeezing of the generalized odd-even coherent states of anharmonic oscillator in finite-dimensional Hilbert space. It demonstrates that the generalized odd coherent states do exhibit strong amplitude-squared squeezing effects in comparison with the generalized even coherent states.

Multi-dimensional ambiguity function for subarray-based space-time coding radar

Space-time coding radar has been recently proposed and investigated.It is a radar framework which can perform transmit beamforming at the receiver.However,the range resolution decreases when the number of the transmit element increases.A subarray-based space-time coding(sub-STC)radar is explored to alleviate the range resolution reduction.For the proposed radar configuration,an identical waveform is transmitted and it introduces a small time offset in different subarrays.The multidimensional ambiguity function of sub-STC radar is defined by considering resolutions in multiple domains including the range,Doppler,angle and probing direction.Analyses on properties of the multi-dimensional ambiguity function of the sub-STC radar with regard to the spatial coverage,resolution performance and low sidelobes are also given.Results reveal that the range resolution and low sidelobes performance are improved with the proposed approach.

Three-dimensional Scattering of Obliquely Incident Plane SH Waves by an Alluvial Valley in a Layered Half-space

The indirect boundary element method(IBEM)is used to study three-dimensional scattering of obliquely incident plane SH waves by an alluvial valley embedded in a layered half-space.The free-field response of the layered half-space is calculated by the direct stiffness method,and dynamic Green's functions of moving distributed loads acting on inclined lines in a layered half-space are calculated to simulate the scattering wave field.The presented method yields very accurate results since the three-dimensional dynamic stiffness matrix is exact and the moving distributed loads can act directly on the valley boundary without singularity.Numerical results and analyses are performed for amplification of obliquely incident plane SH waves around an alluvial valley in a uniform half-space and in single layer over half-space.The results show that the three-dimensional responses are distinctly different from the two-dimensional responses,and the displacement amplitudes around alluvial valleys in a uniform half-space are obviously different from those in a layered half-space.

The Mass and Size of Photons in the 5-Dimensional Extended Space Model

We propose the generalization of Einstein’s special theory of relativity (STR). In our model, we use the (1 + 4)-dimensional space G, which is the extension of the (1 + 3)-dimensional Minkowski space M. As a fifth additional coordinate, the interval S is used. This value is constant under the usual Lorentz transformations in M, but it changes when the transformations in the extended space G are used. We call this model the Extended space model (ESM). From a physical point of view, our expansion means that processes in which the rest mass of the particles changes are acceptable now. In the ESM, gravity and electromagnetism are combined in one field. In the ESM, a photon can have a nonzero mass and this mass can be either positive or negative. It is also possible to establish in the frame of ESM connection between mass of a particle and its size.

Special Relativity in Three-Dimensional Space-Time Frames

In Newton’s classical physics, space and time are treated as absolute quantities. Space and time are treated as independent quantities and can be discussed sepa-rately. With his theory of relativity, Einstein proved that space and time are de-pendent and must be treated inseparably. Minkowski adopted a four-dimensional space-time frame and indirectly revealed the dependency of space and time by adding a constraint for an event interval. Since space and time are inseparable, a three-dimensional space-time frame can be constructed by embedding time into space to directly show the interdependency of space and time. The formula for time dilation, length contraction, and the Lorenz transformation can be derived from graphs utilizing this new frame. The proposed three-dimensional space-time frame is an alternate frame that can be used to describe motions of objects, and it may improve teaching and learning Special Relativity and provide additional insights into space and time.

k-MAJOR ORDER IN REAL INFINITE-DIMENSIONAL LINEAR SPACE AND ITS APPLICATION

In this paper,the k major cone and strict k major cone in real infinite dimensional linear space are introduced,through which the k major order is defined,and their properties are also discussed.Therefore,with the help of them any two elements in real infinite dimensional linear space can be compared.

Lorentz Transform in Multi-Dimensional Space

It is shown that in Euclidean space with any number of spatial dimensions more than three, the Lorentz transform holds true if the proper time of each elementary particle is proportional to the length of its path in the extra-dimensional subspace, and all elementary particles move at the speed of light in the complete space. The six-dimensional treatment of the Coulomb force of interaction between two charges is given. The electric force is due to the motion of charges in the extra-dimensional subspace and is equal to the corresponding Lorentz force.

空间叙事在文化体验馆展示设计中的应用--以磨山荆楚文化馆为例

展示体验类空间是传播艺术文化的重要载体,在文化传承和弘扬方面起着重要作用。该文探讨了如何通过叙事性设计手段来提升文化体验馆展示空间的多层级体验,进而更有效地传递和彰显地域文化内涵。该文以“空间叙事”为切入点,首先分析了叙事性融入文化体验馆展示设计的作用及意义;其次阐述其叙事特征;最后以磨山荆楚文化馆为例,将设计策略运用到具体实践之中。该实践提供了叙事性设计的应用思路,为文化馆展示设计提供参考。