The effects of potato cultivar, frying temperature and slice thickness on oil uptake and sensory quality of potato crisps were investigated in four Kenyan cultivars. Potato tubers were peeled, washed and cut into slic...The effects of potato cultivar, frying temperature and slice thickness on oil uptake and sensory quality of potato crisps were investigated in four Kenyan cultivars. Potato tubers were peeled, washed and cut into slices of thickness 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm. Each size was fried at a constant temperature of 170 ℃ for 3-5 minutes. For frying temperature evaluation, the potatoes for all cultivars were cut into a uniform thickness of 1.5 mm and fried at temperatures of 160, 170 and 180 ℃ for 2-5 minutes. Crisps made from the four cultivars differed significantly （P 〈 0.05） in oil absorbed which ranged from 35.12% in Dutch Robyjn to 36.52% in clone 391,691.96. Tuber dry matter differed significantly （P 〈 0.05） among the cultivars ranging from 20.99% in clone 391691.96 to 25.29% in variety Dutch Robyjn. Tuber dry matter content was found to be negatively correlated to oil content of crisps; oil content increased with decrease in dry matter content. For each cultivar, the oil content of crisps differed significantly （P 〈 0.05） with temperatures and was higher at frying temperatures of 160 ℃ and lowest at 180 ℃, respectively. The oil content was significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in slices of 1.0 mm thick than in slices of 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm; the amount ofoil absorbed decreased with increase in slice thickness. There was significant correlation （P 〈 0.05, r = -0.834） between oil content as determined in the laboratory and sensory scores. Results showed that high dry matter, slice thickness and temperature of frying resulted in reduced oil absorption by crisps during processing.展开更多
Nazimskaya oil zone is situated in Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous district.It covers two oil fields: Srednenazimskoe and Galyanovskoe,and has rather wide stratigraphical range of oil content(Paleozoic -lower Cretaceous de...Nazimskaya oil zone is situated in Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous district.It covers two oil fields: Srednenazimskoe and Galyanovskoe,and has rather wide stratigraphical range of oil content(Paleozoic -lower Cretaceous deposits).However,it is suggested that the widespread Bazhenovo-Upper Abalak oil subcomplex(upper Jurassic) in Nazimskaya oil zone is the most perspective object.Current goal of research is to identify zones of superior展开更多
This study aims to have a single coefficient resulting from the integration of all the reservoir parameters through which a decision can be taken to determine the best quality places in the reservoir. The conventional...This study aims to have a single coefficient resulting from the integration of all the reservoir parameters through which a decision can be taken to determine the best quality places in the reservoir. The conventional well logging data in nine wells were used to determine the reservoir parameters in the study area. Seven different parameters were calculated, five of them were directly proportional to the quality of the reservoir, while the remaining two parameters which represent shale volume and water saturation were inversely proportional to the reservoir quality. The index of each parameter was calculated. A new value was created from the integration of the seven different parameter indexes called the weighted index for the reservoir quality. The reservoir quality values were sliced in the three dimensions depending on the effect of all reservoir parameters and not on any single parameter. It is clear from the results of this study that horizontal and vertical slicing, as well as cut-off values, illustrates that the middle and upper parts are the best places for the reservoir to explore hydrocarbons, where the values of the weighted index of the reservoir quality range from 0.65 to 0.9. Meanwhile, the quality of the reservoir decreases in its lower parts.展开更多
Alaska geology and plate tectonics have not been well understood due to an active Yakutat plate, believed to be part of the remains of an ancient Kula plate, not being acknowledged to exist in Alaska. It is positioned...Alaska geology and plate tectonics have not been well understood due to an active Yakutat plate, believed to be part of the remains of an ancient Kula plate, not being acknowledged to exist in Alaska. It is positioned throughout most of southcentral Alaska beneath the North American plate and above the NNW subducting Pacific plate. The Kula？ plate and its eastern spreading ridge were partially ＂captured＂ by the North American plate in the Paleocene. Between 63 Ma and 32 Ma, large volumes of volcanics erupted from its subducted N-S striking spreading ridge through a slab window. The eruptions stopped at 32 Ma, likely due to the Pacific plate fiat-slab subducting from the south beneath this spreading ridge. At 28 Ma, magmatism started again to the east; indicating a major shift to the east of this ＂refusing to die＂ spreading ridge. The captured Yakutat plate has also been subducting since 63 Ma to the WSW. It started to change to WSW fiat-slab subduction at 32 Ma, which stopped all subduction magmatism in W and SW Alaska by 22 Ma. The Yakutat plate subduction has again increased with the impact/joining of the coastal Yakutat terrane from the ESE about 5 Ma, resulting in the Cook Inlet Quaternary volcanism of southcentral Alaska. During the 1964 Alaska earthquake, sudden movements along the southcentral Alaska thrust faults between the Yakutat plate and the Pacific plate occurred. Specifically, the movements consisted of the Pacific plate moving NNW under the buried Yakutat plate and of the coastal Yakutat terrane, which is considered part of the Yakutat plate, thrusting WSW onto the Pacific plate. These were the two main sources of energy release for the E part of this earthquake. Only limited movement between the Yakutat plate and the North American plate occurred during this 1964 earthquake event. Buried paleopeat age dates indicate the thrust boundary between the Yakutat plate and North American plate will move in about 230 years, resulting in a more ＂continental＂ type megathrust earthquake for southcentral Alaska. There are, therefore, at least two different types ofmegathrust earthquakes occurring in southcentral Alaska： the more oceanic 1964 type and the more continental type. In addition, large ＂active＂ WSW oriented strike-slip faults are recognized in the Yakutat plate, called slice faults, which represent another earthquake hazard for the region. These slice faults also indicate important oil/gas and mineral resource locations.展开更多
文摘The effects of potato cultivar, frying temperature and slice thickness on oil uptake and sensory quality of potato crisps were investigated in four Kenyan cultivars. Potato tubers were peeled, washed and cut into slices of thickness 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm. Each size was fried at a constant temperature of 170 ℃ for 3-5 minutes. For frying temperature evaluation, the potatoes for all cultivars were cut into a uniform thickness of 1.5 mm and fried at temperatures of 160, 170 and 180 ℃ for 2-5 minutes. Crisps made from the four cultivars differed significantly （P 〈 0.05） in oil absorbed which ranged from 35.12% in Dutch Robyjn to 36.52% in clone 391,691.96. Tuber dry matter differed significantly （P 〈 0.05） among the cultivars ranging from 20.99% in clone 391691.96 to 25.29% in variety Dutch Robyjn. Tuber dry matter content was found to be negatively correlated to oil content of crisps; oil content increased with decrease in dry matter content. For each cultivar, the oil content of crisps differed significantly （P 〈 0.05） with temperatures and was higher at frying temperatures of 160 ℃ and lowest at 180 ℃, respectively. The oil content was significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in slices of 1.0 mm thick than in slices of 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm; the amount ofoil absorbed decreased with increase in slice thickness. There was significant correlation （P 〈 0.05, r = -0.834） between oil content as determined in the laboratory and sensory scores. Results showed that high dry matter, slice thickness and temperature of frying resulted in reduced oil absorption by crisps during processing.
文摘Nazimskaya oil zone is situated in Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous district.It covers two oil fields: Srednenazimskoe and Galyanovskoe,and has rather wide stratigraphical range of oil content(Paleozoic -lower Cretaceous deposits).However,it is suggested that the widespread Bazhenovo-Upper Abalak oil subcomplex(upper Jurassic) in Nazimskaya oil zone is the most perspective object.Current goal of research is to identify zones of superior
文摘This study aims to have a single coefficient resulting from the integration of all the reservoir parameters through which a decision can be taken to determine the best quality places in the reservoir. The conventional well logging data in nine wells were used to determine the reservoir parameters in the study area. Seven different parameters were calculated, five of them were directly proportional to the quality of the reservoir, while the remaining two parameters which represent shale volume and water saturation were inversely proportional to the reservoir quality. The index of each parameter was calculated. A new value was created from the integration of the seven different parameter indexes called the weighted index for the reservoir quality. The reservoir quality values were sliced in the three dimensions depending on the effect of all reservoir parameters and not on any single parameter. It is clear from the results of this study that horizontal and vertical slicing, as well as cut-off values, illustrates that the middle and upper parts are the best places for the reservoir to explore hydrocarbons, where the values of the weighted index of the reservoir quality range from 0.65 to 0.9. Meanwhile, the quality of the reservoir decreases in its lower parts.
文摘Alaska geology and plate tectonics have not been well understood due to an active Yakutat plate, believed to be part of the remains of an ancient Kula plate, not being acknowledged to exist in Alaska. It is positioned throughout most of southcentral Alaska beneath the North American plate and above the NNW subducting Pacific plate. The Kula？ plate and its eastern spreading ridge were partially ＂captured＂ by the North American plate in the Paleocene. Between 63 Ma and 32 Ma, large volumes of volcanics erupted from its subducted N-S striking spreading ridge through a slab window. The eruptions stopped at 32 Ma, likely due to the Pacific plate fiat-slab subducting from the south beneath this spreading ridge. At 28 Ma, magmatism started again to the east; indicating a major shift to the east of this ＂refusing to die＂ spreading ridge. The captured Yakutat plate has also been subducting since 63 Ma to the WSW. It started to change to WSW fiat-slab subduction at 32 Ma, which stopped all subduction magmatism in W and SW Alaska by 22 Ma. The Yakutat plate subduction has again increased with the impact/joining of the coastal Yakutat terrane from the ESE about 5 Ma, resulting in the Cook Inlet Quaternary volcanism of southcentral Alaska. During the 1964 Alaska earthquake, sudden movements along the southcentral Alaska thrust faults between the Yakutat plate and the Pacific plate occurred. Specifically, the movements consisted of the Pacific plate moving NNW under the buried Yakutat plate and of the coastal Yakutat terrane, which is considered part of the Yakutat plate, thrusting WSW onto the Pacific plate. These were the two main sources of energy release for the E part of this earthquake. Only limited movement between the Yakutat plate and the North American plate occurred during this 1964 earthquake event. Buried paleopeat age dates indicate the thrust boundary between the Yakutat plate and North American plate will move in about 230 years, resulting in a more ＂continental＂ type megathrust earthquake for southcentral Alaska. There are, therefore, at least two different types ofmegathrust earthquakes occurring in southcentral Alaska： the more oceanic 1964 type and the more continental type. In addition, large ＂active＂ WSW oriented strike-slip faults are recognized in the Yakutat plate, called slice faults, which represent another earthquake hazard for the region. These slice faults also indicate important oil/gas and mineral resource locations.
