A method using three-dimensional electrode is applied to treat wastewater in oil fields, which contains polyacrylamide （PAM）, for analogue. A best condition for electrolysis （I= 1.0 A, t=90 min, c=0.1%, m=980 g,φ=...A method using three-dimensional electrode is applied to treat wastewater in oil fields, which contains polyacrylamide （PAM）, for analogue. A best condition for electrolysis （I= 1.0 A, t=90 min, c=0.1%, m=980 g,φ=5 mm, d=5.0 cm） has been determined, under which the COD removal efficiency reached 96.0%, COD containing in wastewater reduced to 64.3 mg/L from 1 622.9 mg/L, the figure before treatment. Three categories of PAM-containing wastewater in production practice have been treated with the COD removal ratios being 87.5%, 82.4% and 84.7% respectively. Presence of H2O2 and ·OH are detected by means of Ti（IV）-5-Br-PADAP technique and colorimetry respectively. The concentration is positively proportional to the COD removal ratio and increases in accordance with increment of time of electrolysis and current.展开更多
Degradation of o-chloronitrobenzene wastewater was experimentally investigated at a three-dimensional electrode（TDE） with granular activated carbon as the particle electrode, graphite as the anode, and stainless ste...Degradation of o-chloronitrobenzene wastewater was experimentally investigated at a three-dimensional electrode（TDE） with granular activated carbon as the particle electrode, graphite as the anode, and stainless steel plate as the cathode. The kinetic model of o-chloronitrobenzene degradation was studied, and the effects of pH, electrolysis time, particle electrode, electrolyte concentration, and initial concentration of the solution on degradation efficiency were investigated to determine the optimal operating conditions. The degradation of o-chloronitrobenzene by oxidation at the TDE was monitored by chemical oxygen demand（COD） measurements, UV-Vis absorption, and high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. COD degradation by electrochemical degradation followed pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to the concentration of o-chloronitrobenzene solutions. Optimal reaction conditions included 15 g of activated carbon as the particle electrode, 400 mg/L o-chloronitrobenzene solution containing 0.10 mol/L Na2SO4, pH=3, and 60 min of electrolysis. The UV-Vis absorption spectra and HPLC results illustrate that the benzene ring in o-chloronitrobenzene was rapidly broken down to form aliphatic substances through electrochemical degradation. COD degradation was approximately 98.5% at optimal conditions.展开更多
A two-dimensional mathematical model based on the macrohomogeneous theory of porous electrodes was developed for a cylindrical Zn-MnO2 alkaline cell. The model was applied to understand the effect of the length of the...A two-dimensional mathematical model based on the macrohomogeneous theory of porous electrodes was developed for a cylindrical Zn-MnO2 alkaline cell. The model was applied to understand the effect of the length of the anode current collector on the cell performance. Results are presented for the continuous discharge at a high rate of 1A and a moderate rate of 0.2A for a AA-sized cell. With a typical length of an anode current collector at about 70%of the cell height, the analysis showed that an increase in the length of the anode current collector would benefit the lower rate of discharge more than the higher rate of discharge.展开更多
基金Supported by the National High-Technology Research and Development Program(2003AA602140-2)the Important Scientific Re-search Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, China (2004D001)
文摘A method using three-dimensional electrode is applied to treat wastewater in oil fields, which contains polyacrylamide （PAM）, for analogue. A best condition for electrolysis （I= 1.0 A, t=90 min, c=0.1%, m=980 g,φ=5 mm, d=5.0 cm） has been determined, under which the COD removal efficiency reached 96.0%, COD containing in wastewater reduced to 64.3 mg/L from 1 622.9 mg/L, the figure before treatment. Three categories of PAM-containing wastewater in production practice have been treated with the COD removal ratios being 87.5%, 82.4% and 84.7% respectively. Presence of H2O2 and ·OH are detected by means of Ti（IV）-5-Br-PADAP technique and colorimetry respectively. The concentration is positively proportional to the COD removal ratio and increases in accordance with increment of time of electrolysis and current.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.50602003, 50502004)the Beijing Science & Technology Star Plans, China(No.2007B020)
文摘Degradation of o-chloronitrobenzene wastewater was experimentally investigated at a three-dimensional electrode（TDE） with granular activated carbon as the particle electrode, graphite as the anode, and stainless steel plate as the cathode. The kinetic model of o-chloronitrobenzene degradation was studied, and the effects of pH, electrolysis time, particle electrode, electrolyte concentration, and initial concentration of the solution on degradation efficiency were investigated to determine the optimal operating conditions. The degradation of o-chloronitrobenzene by oxidation at the TDE was monitored by chemical oxygen demand（COD） measurements, UV-Vis absorption, and high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. COD degradation by electrochemical degradation followed pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to the concentration of o-chloronitrobenzene solutions. Optimal reaction conditions included 15 g of activated carbon as the particle electrode, 400 mg/L o-chloronitrobenzene solution containing 0.10 mol/L Na2SO4, pH=3, and 60 min of electrolysis. The UV-Vis absorption spectra and HPLC results illustrate that the benzene ring in o-chloronitrobenzene was rapidly broken down to form aliphatic substances through electrochemical degradation. COD degradation was approximately 98.5% at optimal conditions.
文摘A two-dimensional mathematical model based on the macrohomogeneous theory of porous electrodes was developed for a cylindrical Zn-MnO2 alkaline cell. The model was applied to understand the effect of the length of the anode current collector on the cell performance. Results are presented for the continuous discharge at a high rate of 1A and a moderate rate of 0.2A for a AA-sized cell. With a typical length of an anode current collector at about 70%of the cell height, the analysis showed that an increase in the length of the anode current collector would benefit the lower rate of discharge more than the higher rate of discharge.
