STATISTIC MODELING OF THE CREEP BEHAVIOR OF METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES BASED ON FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

The aim of the paper is to discover the general creep mechanisms for the short fiber reinforcement matrix composites (MMCs) under uniaxial stress states and to build a relationship between the macroscopic steady creep behavior and the material micro geometric parameters. The unit cell models were used to calculate the macroscopic creep behavior with different micro geometric parameters of fibers on different loading directions. The influence of the geometric parameters of the fibers and loading directions on the macroscopic creep behavior had been obtained, and described quantitatively. The matrix/fiber interface had been considered by a third layer, matrix/fiber interlayer, in the unit cells with different creep properties and thickness. Based on the numerical results of the unit cell models, a statistic model had been presented for the plane randomly-distributed-fiber MMCs. The fiber breakage had been taken into account in the statistic model for it starts experimentally early in the creep life. With the distribution of the geometric parameters of the fibers, the results of the statistic model agree well with the experiments. With the statistic model, the influence of the geometric parameters and the breakage of the fibers as well as the properties and thickness of, the interlayer on the macroscopic steady creep rate have been discussed.

3-D finite element modeling for evolution of stress field and interaction among strong earthquakes in Sichuan-Yunnan region

Based on the latest achievement about activities of geological structure, a 3-D finite-element model containing four layers of upper crust, lower crust (two layers) and upper mantle is established in the paper. By repeated tests and revisions, the boundary conditions of the model are determined. And then the background stress field, the stress field caused by fault creep and the stress field triggered by strong earthquake in Sichuan-Yunnan region, as well as their dynamic variations are calculated. The results indicate that the latter earthquake often occurs in the area with positive Coulomb rupture stress change associated with the former one, the former earthquake has a triggering effect on the latter one to a certain extent, and strong earthquake often occur in groups under the background of high stress, which is of great significance for distinguishing seismic anomalies, as well as for improving the level of earthquake prediction.

Three-dimensional nonlinear analysis of creep in concrete filled steel tube columns

This paper proposes a based on 3D-VLE （three-dimensional nonlinear viscoelastic theory） three-parameters viscoelastic model for studying the time-dependent behaviour of concrete filled steel tube （CFT） columns. The method of 3D-VLE was developed to analyze the effects of concrete creep behavior on CFT structures. After the evaluation of the parameters in the proposed creep model, experimental measurements of two prestressed reinforced concrete beams were used to investigate the creep phenomenon of three CFT columns under long-term axial and eccentric load was investigated. The experimentally obtained time-dependent creep behaviour accorded well with the cu~＇es obtained from the proposed method. Many factors （such as ratio of long-term load to strength, slenderness ratio, steel ratio, and eccentricity ratio） were considered to obtain the regularity of influence of concrete creep on CFT structures. The analytical results can be consulted in the engineering practice and design.

High-temperature Creep Behavior Characterization of Asphalt Mixture based on Micromechanical Modeling and Virtual Test

The high-temperature creep behavior of asphalt mixture was investigated based on micromechanical modeling and virtual test by using three-dimensional discrete element method（DEM）. A user-defined micromechanical model of asphalt mixture was established after analyzing the irregular shape and gradation of coarse aggregates, the viscoelastic property of asphalt mastic, and the random distribution of air voids within the asphalt mixture. Virtual uniaxial static creep test at 60 ℃ was conducted by using Particle Flow Code in three dimensions（PFC3D） and was validated by laboratory test. Based on virtual creep test, the micromechanical characteristics between aggregates, within asphalt mastic, and between aggregate and asphalt mastic were analyzed for the asphalt mixture. It is proved that the virtual test based on the micromechanical model can efficiently predict the creep deformation of asphalt mixture. And the high-temperature behavior of asphalt mixture was characterized from micromechanical perspective.

Study on Unloading Creep Characteristics of the Soil and Application of the Stress-Dependent Creep Model in Suction Caisson Foundation

As the anchoring foundation of the tension leg platform(TLP),suction caisson foundation is subjected to the long-term vertical pullout loads.But there are few studies on the mechanism of the unloading creep of soft clay and long-term uplift bearing capacity of suction caisson foundations.To address this problem,unloading creep tests of soft clay were carried out to analyze the strain development with time under different confining pressures.The test results show that the creep curve rapidly develops in the early stage and tends to stabilize in the later stage.The unloading deviator stress is higher,the unloading creep deformation is greater and the soft clay has typical nonlinear creep characteristics.Therefore,by introducing the creep model and considering the influence of the deviator stress,the stress-dependent Merchant model is proposed to describe the unloading creep of soft clay.Then,the stress-dependent Merchant model is extended to a three-dimension constitutive model,and a finite element subroutine is developed to establish a finite element analysis method for analyzing the long-term uplift capacity of suction caisson foundations and validated with the long-term uplift bearing capacity results of caisson model.

Rutting Resistance of Asphalt Pavement Mixes by Finite Element Modelling and Optimisation

Asphalt pavement rtting is a major safety concem and is one of the main distress modes of asphalt pavement.Research into asphalt pavement mixes that provide strong resistance for nutting is considered of great significance as it can help provide extended pavement life and significant cost savings in pavement maintenance and rehabilitation.The objectives of this study are to develop numernical models to investigate the ntting of asphalt concrete pavements and to find optimal design of asphalt pave-ment mix for nutting resistance.Three-dimensional Finite Element mod-els were first developed to simulate both the axial compression and wheel track testing in which a visco elastic-plastic material model was used to predict the ntting of the asphalt concrete pavements.A strain hardening creep model with the material parameters developed from experimental testing was employed to model the time-dependent characteristics of the asphalt concrete pavements.The results were validated against the pre-vious experimental wheel track test results of different pavement mixes.Finally,optimisation techniques using the Design Of Experiments method were applied to the simulation rutting results by varying creep parameters to identify their effects on rutting resistance in order to obtain an optimal asphalt pavements mixes.The results of this paper clearly demonstrate an efficient and effective experimental-numerical method and tool set towards optimal design for asphalt concrete pavements for rutting resis-tance.

考虑蠕变三阶段的哈氏合金X蠕变-疲劳裂纹扩展模拟

结合应变硬化定律和连续损伤力学,提出了一种考虑蠕变3阶段的本构模型,对650℃下的哈氏合金X的CT试样进行了裂纹扩展有限元模拟分析.对比分析了不同蠕变阶段对纯蠕变裂纹扩展的影响,使用考虑蠕变3个阶段的本构模型进行了蠕变-疲劳裂纹扩展模拟,讨论了载荷幅值、载荷比和保载时间对裂纹扩展速率的影响,并分析了每种载荷条件对裂纹扩展期间损伤积累的贡献.结果表明:纯蠕变裂纹扩展模拟结果中,考虑所有蠕变阶段的本构模型计算结果与实验结果一致性最高.载荷从5 kN增加到7 kN,考虑蠕变第Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段的裂纹扩展速率平均预测差异由0.57增至0.61,考虑蠕变第Ⅱ阶段和考虑蠕变第Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段分别由0.67减至0.64、由0.16减至0.07.蠕变-疲劳裂纹扩展模拟结果显示,随着载荷幅值从5 kN增大至7 kN,载荷比从0.01增至0.50,裂纹扩展速率前者增大、后者减小,da/dt-C t,avg曲线斜率基本不变,同时蠕变损伤占比增大,疲劳和交互损伤占比减小,各加载情况结果的蠕变损伤均占主导,其次为交互损伤,疲劳损伤占比最小.随保载时间从1 s增加到1800 s,循环相关的裂纹扩展速率增大,时间相关的扩展速率减小,da/dt-C t,avg曲线斜率增大,蠕变损伤增大,疲劳损伤减小,交互损伤先增后减,保载时间为10 s时各损伤占比近似相等,保载时间为1 s时疲劳损伤为83%,保载时间为600 s时蠕变损伤为96%.

梁桁组合结构高铁斜拉桥的收缩徐变分析——以西十高铁汉江特大桥为例

梁桁组合结构高铁斜拉桥中,混凝土收缩徐变对桥面线性的平顺性及行车的舒适性有直接影响,是桥上能够铺设无砟轨道的关键因素。因此,为分析收缩徐变对梁桁组合结构受力和变形的影响,依托新建西安至十堰高铁汉江特大桥工程,采用CEB-FIP90徐变计算模型,通过建立有限元模型分析收缩徐变影响下主要构件的内力和变形,评价各主要受力构件刚度变化对徐变变形的贡献程度,研究改善收缩徐变变形措施。结果表明:(1)收缩徐变引起主梁跨中下挠、桥塔向跨中侧偏移,同时引起主梁和桥塔的压缩变形,5年完成的收缩徐变变形占前10年的70%以上,且主梁产生的收缩徐变贡献超过50%;(2)收缩徐变引起斜拉索索力松弛,运营30年的最大变化率在5%以内;(3)收缩徐变引起主梁应力及上下缘应力差变化,随着运营时间增加主梁跨中区域应力差增大明显,主要表现在下缘压应力储备降低;(4)随着桥塔刚度、主梁刚度、加劲钢桁刚度增大,收缩徐变引起的变形有所减小,而斜拉索刚度则产生相反的趋势。(5)延长铺轨时间、适当增加底板钢束面积、增加斜拉索索力以及在跨中加劲钢桁上弦灌注混凝土可有效降低主梁跨中徐变下挠。

滇中红层泥岩剪切蠕变特性及其本构模型

为保障滇中红层泥岩所在区域隧洞工程的施工及长期运营安全,本文以“滇中引水工程”狮子山隧洞段的红层泥岩为研究对象,首先,采用分级加载剪切蠕变试验方法,研究其蠕变特性;其次,基于非线性流变力学理论,分别构建了触发式非定常加速元件、非线性弹性元件及复合型黏性元件;第三,通过各元件的合理组合,建立了滇中红层泥岩的非线性、非定常蠕变模型;最后,对所建模型进行参数估计,与试验结果进行对比,验证理论模型的适用性。研究结果表明:在较低应力状态下,岩样主要表现为衰减蠕变,其中蠕变变形在总变形中的占比可达85%;而在较高应力状态下,岩样发生从衰减蠕变、等速蠕变直至加速蠕变破坏的全过程蠕变,其中蠕变变形在总变形中的占比达87%。剪应力对岩样蠕变变形具有显著影响,剪应力越高,衰减蠕变达到稳定状态所需的时间越长,蠕变变形在总变形中的占比越高。在全过程蠕变中,岩样的蠕变变形以稳态蠕变为主,其蠕变时间占总蠕变时间的80%,蠕变量占总蠕变量的51%。该蠕变模型既能完整地描述岩样从衰减到等速直至加速蠕变的全过程,同时又能克服传统模型参数取值随应力而不断变化的问题,通过一组参数就可以描述岩样在各应力状态下的蠕变变形特性。理论模型得到的结果与试验结果吻合较好,说明所建模型对于滇中红层泥岩具有较好的适用性。

基于塑性元件微元化的重塑黄土黏弹塑性本构模型

基于塑性元件微元化和无穷级数的思想,通过加、卸载条件的三轴蠕变试验建模并通过动力三轴试验验证,建立了重塑黄土的黏弹塑性本构模型,并获得了相应的参数指标。研究表明,该模型可以很好地描述重塑黄土的蠕变、静力和动力特性,且能更加合理地解释卸载条件下回弹曲线的变化特征。塑性元件微元化的处理方法弥补了以往黏弹塑性本构模型中塑性变形不易描述的缺点,相比其他的黏弹塑性本构模型,该模型应用更加简单且适用范围更广。

基于分数阶黏壶元件的岩石损伤蠕变模型

目的为了建立一个能描述岩石蠕变全过程的蠕变模型。方法首先以分数阶黏壶元件描述岩石的黏弹性,采用基于Kachanov损伤率公式的损伤体描述岩石的粘塑性并串联一个胡克体建立成只有四个元件的蠕变模型。然后,将其本构方程推广到三维应力状态,考虑球应力,并引入一个屈服函数来准确判断岩石是否发生非稳定蠕变。最后,采用最小二乘法分析得到模型参数,用红砂岩和砂质泥岩的蠕变实验数据验证模型的有效性。结果新的蠕变模型理论曲线与实验数据曲线吻合较好,可以描述岩石蠕变的全过程。结论新的蠕变模型解决了经典模型在描述岩石蠕变时的模型复杂和参数较多的问题,对研究岩石蠕变特性具有一定的参考价值。

基于Struik模型的聚乙烯管道蠕变行为分析

结合聚乙烯管道长期负载的变形情况,对其蠕变行为进行研究。基于管道的Struik模型进行回归分析,求得时间硬化蠕变模型参数,建立了有限元模型。对管材在不同压力、不同壁厚下的蠕变情况进行了模拟,并在恒定压力下进行了试验,分析了管道的蠕变规律。结果表明,对于实验中研究的φ110×1.6 MPa型号的聚乙烯管道,蠕变随压力的增大而增大,压力每增大0.2P_(N),蠕变量增大约0.5%;增大聚乙烯管道的管壁厚度,环向蠕变逐渐减小,当管壁厚度由5 mm增大至10 mm时,100 h内的环向蠕变量减少了11%;有限元模拟结果与实验结果基本一致。采用时间硬化蠕变模型可以有效地进行聚乙烯管道蠕变有限元模拟,对聚乙烯管道设计与工程应用具有一定的指导作用。

钛合金室温受压蠕变损伤本构模型

为了解决工程上在评估深潜器耐压壳体安全可靠性时不考虑拉压蠕变破坏机理产生的差异,会导致较大计算误差问题,本文提出了适用于室温蠕变的蠕变损伤本构模型。通过分析钛合金材料蠕变特性,考虑了室温环境下位错堆积造成的蠕变阻力,并且位错堆积的现象与时间有关。基于微分自洽法提出了适用于室温环境下的钛合金蠕变本构模型,得到受压情况下TC4ELI的相关材料参数,并将该模型用USDFLD和CREEP子程序进行定义。研究表明:对于受压结构而言,使用通过拉伸蠕变实验得到的本构模型的计算结果会过于保守,对于含V型缺口平板受压时等效蠕变应变的相对误差为168.20%。本文所提出的模型适用于环肋耐压壳结构的蠕变损伤分析。

混凝土徐变B4模型有限元实现及应用

混凝土作为当下应用最为广泛的建筑材料,其自身徐变的特性对结构的耐久性及安全性均有较大的影响,对混凝土徐变预测已经成为复杂结构设计过程中必不可少一个环节。因此为进一步优化数值分析中对混凝土徐变的模拟效果,优化有限元软件中针对混凝土徐变计算过程,本文基于微预应力-固结理论,将预测效果优秀、理论分析合理的B4模型结合粘弹性本构,通过在ABAQUS软件中进行二次开发,编写相应子程序实现其在数值分析中的应用。并通过相应算例证明所构建的子程序可以准确地对混凝土徐变的发展过程进行模拟,能为进一步研究混凝土徐变发展及实际工程应用提供一定参考价值。

Integrated identification method of rheological model of sandstone in Sanmenxia bauxite

Based on the uniaxial compression creep experiments conducted on bauxite sandstone obtained from Sanmenxia,typical creep experiment curves were obtained.From the characteristics of strain component of creep curves,the creep strain is composed of instantaneous elastic strain,ε（me）,instantaneous plastic strain,ε（mp）,viscoelastic strain,ε（ce）,and viscoplastic strain,ε（cp）.Based on the characteristics of instantaneous plastic strain,a new element of instantaneous plastic rheology was introduced,instantaneous plastic modulus was defined,and the modified Burgers model was established.Then identification of direct screening method in this model was completed.According to the mechanical properties of rheological elements,one- and three-dimensional creep equations in different stress levels were obtained.One-dimensional model parameters were identified by the method of least squares,and in the process of computation,Gauss-Newton iteration method was applied.Finally,by fitting the experimental curves,the correctness of direct method model was verified,then the examination of posterior exclusive method of the model was accomplished.The results showed that in the improved Burgers models,the rheological characteristics of sandstone are embodied properly,microscopic analysis of creep curves is also achieved,and the correctness of comprehensive identification method of rheological model is verified.

基于降阶模型的汽轮机应力及损伤评估方法

针对火电灵活性运行背景下汽轮机热应力控制难题,创新性地采用降阶模型算法,结合有限元方法,高效模拟启动过程中汽缸的温度场、应力场和寿命损伤分布。该算法大幅降低了计算自由度,实现了在线应力评估,较传统方法计算效率提升约300倍,精度满足工程应用。通过Lemaitre损伤模型评估了汽缸疲劳-蠕变损伤,实时寿命损耗评估可为优化运行策略、提升机组灵活性与安全性提供科学依据。研究成果验证了降阶模型在复杂热力系统瞬态分析中的有效性,为汽轮机高温部件在线监测提供了新方法和思路。

长期立贮固体发动机药柱变形预估方法研究

目的研究老化与颠振影响下长期立式贮存固体发动机药柱的蠕变特性,基于广义Kelvin模型,构建一种考虑老化和损伤因素的蠕变本构模型。方法通过开展温度与应力加速蠕变试验、高温加速老化试验以及往复拉伸损伤试验,获得老化与损伤对蠕变的影响规律,建立蠕变预测模型,获取模型参数,并将其嵌入有限元软件。结果利用所得蠕变本构模型计算了某型发动机立式贮存15a后药柱蠕变的应力应变,结果表明,考虑老化因素后,发动机药柱的最大等效应力增大了96.84%,最大等效应变减小了4.07%,在同时考虑老化与损伤因素后,最大等效应力增加了82.77%,最大等效应变减小了3.62%。结论对比不同条件下的仿真结果,老化和损伤对发动机蠕变状态的影响较大。使用该模型能够较好地体现出固体发动机药柱的老化硬化和损伤软化。

MESO APPROACHES FOR THE CREEP DAMAGE BEHAVIOR OF NICKEL-BASE DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED SUPERALLOYS

A self-consistent creep damage constitutive model and a finite element model have been developed for nickel-base directionally solidified superalloys. Grain degradation and grain boundary voiding are considered. The model parameters are determined from the creep test data of a single crystal and a directionally solidified superalloy with a special crystallographic orientation. The numerical analysis shows that the modeled creep damage behaviors of nickel-base directionally solidified super-alloys with different crystallographic orientations are in good agreement with the experimental data.

红层泥岩剪切蠕变特性及非定常本构模型研究

滇中红层泥岩具有显著的流变特性,会给当地工程建设带来安全隐患。选取狮子山隧洞段的红层泥岩进行分级加载蠕变试验,对其蠕变特性开展研究。结果表明,在较低应力状态下,岩样主要表现为衰减蠕变,而在较高应力状态下,岩样将发生从衰减蠕变、等速蠕变直至加速蠕变破坏的全过程蠕变。对岩样各阶段变形数据进行回归分析,建立拟合方程,发现岩样各阶段变形具有显著的非线性变形特性。根据岩样的非线性变形特性提出了1个指数型加速元件,通过与Bingham体中的黏性元件串联形成改进的Bingham体,使其能克服传统Bingham体模拟加速阶段存在的不足,并同时对Hoek体及Kelvin体进行非线性改进,然后通过将非线性Hoek体、Kelvin体与改进Bingham体串联,建立了1个能够描述滇中红层泥岩蠕变特性的非线性、非定常黏弹塑性岩石蠕变模型。通过与不同剪应力下红层泥岩的蠕变试验曲线进行比较,发现理论模型得到的结果与试验数据吻合较好,表明所建模型对于滇中红层泥岩具有较好的适用性。

细观尺度下水工混凝土水中拉压徐变试验数值反馈

针对目前尚缺少从细观尺度研究水工混凝土水中徐变特性的问题,通过建立骨料—砂浆—过渡层的混凝土试件细观有限元模型,基于水工混凝土水中拉伸、压缩徐变试验数据,采用正交设计—神经网络—细观有限元计算相结合的方法,反演了水工混凝土试件细观尺度下砂浆的拉伸、压缩徐变度,最后对比分析了水工混凝土和砂浆拉伸、压缩徐变度的关系。结果表明,水工混凝土水中状态与密封状态下拉压徐变度变化规律相似;不论拉伸徐变还是压缩徐变,砂浆水中徐变度约为水工混凝土水中徐变度的2.4倍。